CLEAN ENERGY MICROGRIDS Hype or Reality? Own your power
CLEAN ENERGY MICROGRIDS
Hype or Reality?
Own your power
What is a Microgrid?
Controls load and generation onsite
Includes distribution wires
Connects or disconnects (island) from central grid with black-start capability
Provides energy 24/7, 365 days a year
2Think Microgrid A Discussion Guide for Policymakers, Regulators and End Users 2014, Energy Efficiency Markets, LLC
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Who owns them?
Customer or third-party owned
Commercial and industrial areas
Educational campuses
Communities and neighbourhoods
4Think Microgrid A Discussion Guide for Policymakers, Regulators and End Users 2014, Energy Efficiency Markets, LLC
The University of Texas microgrid
140MW
100 percent of power
heating and cooling to 150 campus buildings
20 million square feet
Operating 40 years with 99.9998% reliability 5
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Why microgrids?
1. Improves asset profitability
2. Avoids rising costs of main grid
3. Meets rising peak demand at lower cost
4. Serves as back up during unplanned outages
5. Reduces carbon emissions
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1. Improves property profitability
Continue to generate revenue regardless of whether the main grid is operating or not
Utility costs available for resale rather than as a pass through cost paid to utility
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2. Avoids rising costs
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3. Meets rising peak demand
Increases reserve margins
Defers costly and lengthy transmission upgrades
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4. Improves grid resiliency
Severe weather such as Superstorm Sandy leading cause of power outages in USA
Losses risen to $200 billion per year in the last decade, globally
Unplanned outages also due to under investment and low maintenance
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4. Unplanned outages trends
Major power outages have been increasing everywhere, over the last 20 years
Due to - substation failures, extreme weather and transmission line failures
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Major Power Outages in the US, and around the World IEEE Reliability Society 2009 Annual Technology Report, James McLinn Rel-Tech Group
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5. Reduces carbon emissions
Cost effectively lowers carbon emissions by using waste heat, demand response, solar, wind, fuel cells and batteries
Improved access climate change financing and meets national environmental laws and emissions reduction targets
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The Micro(grid) Solution to the Macro Challenge of Climate Change
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Can microgrids operate legally?
South Carolina state has jurisdiction over
the sale of power from rooftop solar
panels to a host
Connecticut allows microgrids to sell
across power across public streets
18March 2013 Public Utilities Fortnightly article, “Peaceful Co-Existence,” Sara Brown and Paul McCary
Why Israel should get onboard
1,437 microgrids worldwide, 13 GW
$40 billion annually by 2020, up from $10 billion in 2013
Clean energy investment in China, Africa, the US, Latin America and India $328.9bn in 2015
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Source: Q4 2015 Microgrid Deployment Tracker released by Navigant Research and Bloomberg, January 2016
Microgrid EcoSystem
20http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/cumulative-us-microgrid-investments-will-surpass-3.5-billion-from-2015-thro
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What’s the ROI of microgrids?
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Pay for themselves due to cost savings
avoidance of transmission upgrade and
continual operations
Texas U Microgrid and others have achieved net savings
Improved ROI
Bankable energy storage
Solar PV costs reduced by 95%
Improved microgrid power control software
Operations and regulations simplified
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Barriers to exponential growth
Reform energy, capacity and ancillary markets
Can serve as their own balancing authority when in island mode
Provides compensation for congestion relief
Recognizes value of black start capabilities
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Microgrid R&D Activity
US DoE goals for R&D activities
reducing outage time by more than 98% at a cost comparable to non-integrated baseline solutions
reducing emissions by more than 20% and
improving system energy efficiencies by more than 20% by 2020.
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Microgrid R&D Activity
Planning and design
Operations and control
Standardization of design, contracting, installation, security, and operation
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The Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration and Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) project a Joint Capability Technology Demonstration between Departments of Energy, Defense and Homeland Security (at SANDIA and NREL)
Project Example
Project Location
Simulation Model inputs
Load Profile
Location Abuja Nigeria
Latitude 9 degrees 4.59 minutes North
Longitude 9 degrees 4.59 minutes North
Time zone Africa/Lagos
Data source Synthetic
Daily noise 5%
Hourly noise 5%
Scaled annual average load 25,131.744 kWh/d
Scaled peak load 2,786.1260kW
Load factor 37.58%
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Proposed Configuration
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PV Generic flat plate PV 5,550 kW
Generator Autosized 3,500 kW
Battery Generic 1kWh Lead Acid 2,500 Strings
Converter System Converter 2,300 kW
Grid None 0 kW
Dispatch Strategy
Cycle Charging
System architecture
Rainbow Junction
a 140ha mixed use development, lifestyle and business development nestled in the foyer of the City of Tshwane, only 6km north of Pretoria's CBD.
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Opportunities for Israeli Companies
“it is more economically viable for a hybrid PV-CSP power plant with Molten Salt storage to operate baseload in comparison to hybrid PV-diesel” or PV-battery
This is true for Chile and South Africa, North Africa, Australia, East Africa, India and China
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Solar PV-CSP Hybridisation for Baseload Generation - A Techno-economic Analysis for the Chilean Market - Kevin Larchet, Master of Science Thesis KTH School of Industrial Engineering and Management Energy Technology
Sources
• http://microgridknowledge.com/mice-microgrids-profile-one-us-largest-microgrids/
• http://www.csemag.com/single-article/case-study-microgrid-at-princeton-university/a852c6c36420f738c8ecf66de7aa3dd1.html
• http://www.demandresponsesmartgrid.org/resources/Documents/Case%20Studies/SDGE%20Borrego%20Springs%20Case%20Study%20FINAL.pdf
• Aggregating Levelized Cost Functions In Microgrids For Transmission Grid Operation Jhi-Young Joo, Sriram Raghavan, and Pourya ShamsiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla, Missouri
• Unplanned outages according to a 2008 estimate by the World Energy Council
• According to a GE report “SAN DIEGO – February, 2015
• http://www.hobokennj.org/2013/06/city-of-hoboken-us-department-of-energy-nj-board-of-public-utilities-pseg-partner-to-develop-resilient-electric-grid/
• ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF INCREASING ELECTRIC GRID RESILIENCE TO WEATHER OUTAGES Executive Office of the President August 2013
• The New Economics of Battery Storage
• http://www.rmi.org/elab_accelerator_2015_hoboken_microgrid_development
• https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/santiago_canizares.pdf
• DNV KEMA points out in its August 2013 paper, “Microgrids for Fun and Profit”.
• Costs of Utility Distributed Generators, 1-10 MW Twenty-Four Case Studies 1007760 EPRI
• Backup Power Cost of Ownership Analysis and Incumbent Technology Comparison J. Kurtz, G. Saur, S. Sprik, and C. Ainscough National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. H279.1710
• Major Power Outages in the US, and around the World IEEE Reliability Society 2009 Annual Technology Report, James McLinn Rel-Tech Group
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