Hygiene
Dec 11, 2015
Hygiene
Hygiene
Personal Hygiene refers to the measures that an individual takes to keep their hair, nails , skin, mouth, eyes , ears, and nose clean.
Maintenance of personal hygiene is necessary for an individual’s comfort, safety and well being.
Well people are capable of meeting their own hygienic needs, ill or physically challenged people may require assistance.
Hygiene care
While performing hygiene care ensure privacy, convey respect, foster comfort and preserve independence as much as is possible.
When providing hygiene use the time to communicate with the patient (general, counseling and teaching); • assess the skin, hair, nails, eyes, ears, teeth; assess
movement of joints and limbs; & patient's ability to perform ADLs (activities of daily living).
Hygiene
Knowledge Body image Social practices Socio-economic Culture Personal preference Psychological / physical condition Impact of lack of hygiene
Impact of poor hygiene
Infection
Odour
Lowered self esteem.
Patient subjected to ridicule by staff.
Patient may be alienated by other patients.
Goals of hygiene
Comfort & relaxationStimulation of circulationCleanliness (removal of dead skin & body oils)Improved self imageSkin conditioning (improved circulation, cleanliness etc.)
Types of hygiene
Shower Shower trolleyBed sponge No soap bed sponges (dermalux)BathHair careEye toilet Ears and nose careMouth careMouth toiletPeri toiletPenile toiletNail and foot care
Principles of hygiene procedures
Considerations
Safety
Warmth
Privacy
Promoting dignity
Encouraging independence
Other?
General guidelinesPromote safety and prevent falls
Assess psychological and physical needs
Seek consent
Meet toileting needs before procedure
Determine self-care abilities and promote independence
Determine purpose of bathing
Collect all necessary items before starting
Cleanse the skin to remove dirt, excessive oil, perspiration, transient bacteria and dead epithelial cells
General guidelines cont:
Determine the effects of frequency of bathing on condition of skin
Do not apply soap to excoriated or non-intact areas of skin
Bathe from clean to dirty
Use gentle friction to stimulate circulation and remove debris (unless contraindicated)
Provide warmth and privacy
Use good body mechanics when assisting
Not all people need daily baths
During hygiene care
Assessment of skin, nails, hair, ears, eyesAssessment of movementPromotion of therapeutic relationshipEducationPromotion of independence
Skin assessmentColour – • pink, cyanosed, pale, is it
uniformLesions – • present, location, size, colour
Moisture – • substance, location, amount,
odourOedema – • locationTexture – • soft, smooth, rough, unevenTemperature – • warm, hot, cool, coldTurgor – • degree of turgor
Respiratory assessment– Breathing during movement and at rest
Cardiovascular assessment– Body temperature, colour of skin, circulation to
extremitiesMusculo-skeletal assessment
– Joint mobility, muscle strength, coordination, self-help abilities
Gastrointestinal assessment– Abdominal distension, faecal incontinence, rectal
bleedingGenitourinary assessment
– Bladder distension, urinary incontinence, difficulty voiding
Hair Care /Anatomy of Hair
Grows upward from the root.
Lengthening fibers of keratin-filled dead cells , grouped around the semi-hollow medulla, makes up the cortex.
The bulb ( a living structure) surrounds and feeds the root, it lies in a pocket of the epidermis called the follicle.