Hydrogen Research in the Netherlands - Climate Service Center · FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam Hydrogen Research in the Netherlands. FuncHy Workshop November 18,

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Hydrogen Research in the Netherlands

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Fuel cell research, major playersFuel cell research, major players

•

After a big SOFC project (financed by the ministry of economic affairs till early 2000’s) the fuel cell research focuses mainly on the development of fuel cells for specific applications

•

Major players now–

ECN (Energy centre Netherlands)

strong effort on the

development of PEM and SOFC based fuel cells

–

Technical

universities

of Twente, Delft, Eindhoven

–

Akzo spin-off fuel

cell

company: Nedstack

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

FuelFuel

cellcell

actorsactors

in NLin NL

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Dutch gas Dutch gas infrainfra--structurestructure

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Energy Center Energy Center NetherlandsNetherlands

Mission: ECN develops knowledge and technology for sustainable energy applicationsand brings them to market.

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Dutch Dutch ScienceScience

policypolicy

onon

fuelfuel

cellscells

•

Fuel

cells

are seen

as a technological

rather

than

a scientific

challenge

–

Presently, no

government

funding

for

basic science focussed

on

problems

related

to fuel

cells.

•

Development

projects

together

with

industry

are funded. These involve

ECN and small

companies

such

as Nedstack

•

Estimated

H2

and fuel

cell

funding

14 Meuro

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Fuel cell research, major playersFuel cell research, major players

•

U Twente

has a history on high temperature (>600 oC) oxygen conducting electrolytes, but these seem to be too vulnarable

for mobile applications. They now focus on:

–

Micromachined

solid acid fuel cells (small!)•

explore the potential for utilizing solid acids as electrolyte in an innovative design of a fuel cell operating in an intermediate temperature range (150-250°C).

•

TU Delft: focuses on moderate temperature (200 oC) solid acid proton electrolytes (CsHSO4

) and tries to identify the ionic transport mechanism using Neutron techniques.

•

Together

with

ECN both

universities

are involved

in projects

developping

SOFC’s

fuel

cells

running on

natural

gas

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

PEM consortium ECN, PEM consortium ECN, TUeTUe, , NedstackNedstack: Electrodes, : Electrodes, HTHT--

electrolytes and PEMFC degradation phenomenaelectrolytes and PEMFC degradation phenomena

Electrode optimization in PEM

High-T electrolytes using polymer intrinsic protonic

conductors PPO-P3O

www.formulazero.nlwww.formulazero.nl

HyTruckHyTruck, , firstfirst

EuropeanEuropean

FC TruckFC Truck

7.5 ton 7.5 ton lightlight--trucktruck Range 350Range 350--400 km400 km 16 kW 16 kW NedstackNedstack

FC systemFC system

5.8 kg 350 bar H5.8 kg 350 bar H22

tanktank LiLi--ionion

batteriesbatteries

Direct drive Direct drive

50 kW PEM 50 kW PEM fuelfuel

cellcell

power plant power plant onon

waste waste hydrogenhydrogen

70 70 kWekWe

PEMFC PEMFC canalcanal

boatboat, end 2008 , end 2008 operationaloperational!!

Consortium: Consortium: AlewijnseAlewijnse, , IntegralIntegral, Linde Gas, Marine , Linde Gas, Marine services services NorthNorth, Lovers. , Lovers. CapacityCapacity

100 100 passengerspassengers

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Hydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable HydrogenHydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen ((Advanced Chemical Technologies for Sustainability)Advanced Chemical Technologies for Sustainability)

•

Public Private Partnership–

Minestry

of Economic Affairs

–

Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment–

Dutch Science Foundation

–

Industrial partners•

Biomass Technology Group (BTG)

•

Energy Centrum the Netherlands (ECN)•

Gasunie

(Dutch Natural Gas Company)

•

NUON (one of the big electricity companies)•

Shell

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Hydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable HydrogenHydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen ((Advanced Chemical Technologies for Advanced Chemical Technologies for SustainabilitiesSustainabilities))

•

Budget 18.2 M€

•

Duration 2002-2010

•

Aim: Develop knowledge and technology to enable the transition to a hydrogen society.–

Encouraging

collaboration

between

different universities

and

disciplines

•

Scope:–

Production, Separation, Storage, Transport and Conversion of Hydrogen

–

Societal, Social, Psychological, Economic and governance aspects

of introducing hydrogen in our energy system

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Goals?Goals?

•

Overcome

the major obstacles

for

the introduction

of the hydrogen

economy

•

Develop

the technology

for

the implementation

of the hydrogen

economy

•

Improve

the Dutch patent position

on

hydrogen technology

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: ActivitiesACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Activities

•

Bi-annual meetings including all aspects of the program and with representatives of the inductrial

partners

•

Topical cluster meetings

•

Annual Educational workshop including IP and ‘business creativity’

issues

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Structural analysisStructural analysis

•

RU Nijmegen (Kentgens/Van Bentum): –

In-situ NMR analysis of hydrogen storage materials

•

Focuses

on

local

structure, kinetics

and activation

of light-weight

storage

materials

(alanates

mainly)

•

TU Delft (H. Zandbergen)–

Realisation

and application of in-situ HRTEM of hydrogen

storage materials at 8 bar hydrogen pressure and 200°C.

•

TU Delft (Mulder)–

Hydrogen storage in catalysed

and destabilized light metal

hydrides (Neutron studies)

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II TheoryTheory

•

U Twente

and RU Nijmegen (De Wijs, Brocks et al)–

Atomistic modelling

of advanced hydrogen storage materials

–

Both Mg-based

and light-weight

materials

•

U Leiden and Utrecht (GJ Kroes, de Jongh

et al)–

Hydrogen uptake in nanostructured

sodium alanate: the role

of alanate

particle size and of the interaction with carbon.

Like Ti, Sc (Zr) prefers to exchange with a Na atom, pushing out Na (mass transport!) but Pd (Pt) (bad catalyst) prefers to go interstitial.

Major conclusion TMMajor conclusion TM--atoms on (001) NaAlHatoms on (001) NaAlH44 (GJ (GJ KroesKroes, Leiden). , Leiden).

Sc@Na_2AlH4 : -1.97 eV Sc@inter_surface: -1.03 eV

Pd@Na_2AlH4 : -1.47 eV Pd@inter12_nosym: -2.19 eV.

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II NanoNano--structuresstructures

•

U Utrecht (de Jongh, Kroes, Dam)–

Nanostructured

hydrogen storage materials with high H2

equilibrium pressures and fast kinetics•

Both Mg-

and alanate

based

•

Addresses

nano-structures

in both

thin

films and bulk

•

TU Delft (Peters)–

Promoted hydrogen storage in nanoporous

clathrate

hydrate

materials with enhanced storage capacity•

Combined

experimental

and theoretical

study

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Thin filmsThin films

•

TU Eindhoven (Notten, Dam, Kelder): –

Destabilized, multi-component, Mg-based hydrogen storage materials

•

Focuses

on

Mg-based

batteries•

Extends the use of hydrogenography to electrochemical hydrogenation

•

VU Amsterdam (Dam, Griessen)–

‘Search for new light-weight hydrogen storage materials using hydrogenography

•

Mg-based, alanates•

Entropy/Enthalpy

correlation

•

Clamping

effects

The Equilibrium PressureThe Equilibrium Pressure R. Gremaud

et al.Adv Mat 19 (2007) 2813

The Enthalpy of formationThe Enthalpy of formation R. Gremaud

et al.Adv Mat 19 (2007) 2813

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

•

VU Amsterdam (Dam, Griessen)–

‘Hydrogen sensors

and safety detectors

for the hydrogen

economy

•

U Twente

(Lefferts, Seshan)–

Catalytic hydrothermal generation of hydrogen from aqueous biomass waste

HH22

productionproduction

fromfrom

biomassbiomass PyrolysisPyrolysis oiloil as as anan intermediateintermediate energyenergy carriercarrier

Fast pyrolysisplant

Transport of oil

CO2

CO2

Hydrogen production

Fast pyrolysisplant

Transport of oil

CO2

CO2

Chemicals / industry

Fuel cell / ElectricityFuel cell / Electricity

Chemicals / industry

- Catalytic Processes and Materials(B. Matas Güell, K. Seshan, L. Lefferts)

- Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass(G. van Rossum, M.F. Bleeker, S.R.A. Kersten, H.J. Veringa, W.P.M. van Swaaij)

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

•

VU Amsterdam (Dam, Griessen)–

‘Hydrogen sensors and safety detectors for the hydrogen economy

•

U Twente

(Lefferts)–

Catalytic hydrothermal generation of hydrogen from aqueous biomass waste

•

U Utrecht (Röckman)–

A future hydrogen economy -

A survey of possible effects

on urban air quality, atmospheric chemistry and climate

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Effects of a Hydrogen Economy on the atmosphereEffects of a Hydrogen Economy on the atmosphere

FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

•

Frank de Bruijn, ECN

•

Geert-Jan Kroes, Leiden University

•

Fokko

Mulder, Technical

University

Delft