Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902 Point of Use Hydrogen Production From Three Feed Stocks Without Parasitic Loads T. D. Lowe PhD P. D. Madden PE Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield, Ohio 44902 November 11, 2014 Contact: [email protected][email protected]
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Hydrogen Production From 3 Feed Stocks W/O Parasitic Loads
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Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902
Point of Use Hydrogen Production From Three Feed Stocks Without Parasitic Loads
• Fuel Cells need a hydrogen source • In general, there is a lack of existing hydrogen infrastructures• For mobile or remote applications (i.e. military):
- Needs to be easily deployable
- Needs to be able to utilize locally available feedstocks
• This need for hydrogen anywhere has lead ETI to develop a rugged, tactical Hydrogen Fuel Reformation System (HFRS) that accepts multiple feedstocks.
Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902
Hydrogen Fuel Reformation System
Topics for this Presentation:
• Defining Base-Facilitated Reformation (BFR)
• BFR reforming-test results– Carbon Base Liquid fuels
– Solid fuels (Biomass)
• Economics
• Commercialization
• By-Product (carbonate) recycling
• Summary
Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902
Fuel Fuel
� •Alkaline material is used as a reactant in the reformation process
� � • Carbonate is formed as a product instead of CO2
• One step reaction – making reformer design simpler• No CO or CO2 gases formed – Gas shift and PSA not necessary.• Pure hydrogen is formed.• Greener process – CO2 sequestered as Na2CO3
• Lower operating temperatures. • Operation in liquid phase is possible.
• Batch or continuous operation possible
• Lower heat (ΔH˚) required for reforming so more efficient and less expensive operation
• Can be used to reform variety of fuels. Reforming renewable fuels is possible.
Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902
Base-Facilitated Reformation (BFR)
• BFR reforming - test results– Liquid fuels
– Solid fuels (Biomass)
Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902
Reformation Fuels DemonstratedETI’s BFR Process Reforms Multiple Fuels
Examples of Fuels Reformed by ETI’s Base-Facilitated ReformationAlcohols: Methanol, Ethanol, Crude Ethanol, E95, Ethylene Glycol, Glycerol (from bio-diesel plant)
Recausticizing - a common commercial process in the paper mill industry
Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902
H2
(C6H10O5)n + 12nNaOH + nH2O ↔
6nNa2CO3 + 12nH2
CaCO3
Base-Facilitated ReformationFlow Diagram of Biomass (solid) BFR Process
Make-up NaOH
NaOH
Fluidized Bed ReactorChopper/Shredder
Biomass
Evaporator
Precipitator
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 + H2O
CaCO3 + 2NaOH + H2O
Ca(OH)2 Liq. Na2CO3
Water
Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902
Base-Facilitated ReformationFlow Schematic of Recycling Process
CO2
CaCO3
Ca(OH)2 Hydration
recycled Mixer H2O
CalcinationBurner850˚Heat
CaO Solid
Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902
Summary
�•The Base-Facilitated Reforming (BFR) process has been demonstrated on wide variety of fuels. A biomass reforming process towards commercialization is under development.
� • The reforming temperatures using the BFR process are significantly lower than the steam reformation process of the fuels.
� • Reformation in a liquid phase at low temperatures of some fuels has been demonstrated.
� • The BFR process exhibits good rates at the low temperatures of operation.
� • The BFR process is a simple one step process. Pure H2 and no CO and CO2 produced. WGS reaction and PSA are therefore avoided and the process is environmentally clean.
� • The BFR process is economically feasible and competes well with other technologies.
Energy Technologies, Inc. Mansfield Ohio 44902
Summary
� • Base-facilitated reforming (BFR) process has been demonstrated on wide variety of fuels.� • High conversion of raw biomass feedstocks and high yield (close to 100%) of H2 was obtained using BFR.
� • The process operates at low temperatures (<300˚) without CO and CO2
gases and it is economically feasible.
� • Developmental work towards commercialization is underway.