Hydrogen Codes and Standards · – Delineate key tasks, timetables, budgets – Build on JARI, ASTM, USFCC, SAE, CAFCP, U of Hawaii, FCTESTNET work – Incorporate into C&STT R&D

2005 DOE Hydrogen Program ReviewHydrogen Codes and Standards

Jim OhiNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

May 26, 2005

Project ID# SA2

This presentation does not contain any proprietary or confidential information

Overview

• Project start date: 10-1-04• Project end date: 9-30-05• Percent complete: 50

• Codes and Standards Barriers addressed

–– Consensus national agenda on Consensus national agenda on codes and standards (J,A,B,D,L) codes and standards (J,A,B,D,L)

– Limited DOE role in the development of ISO standards and inadequate representation by government and industry at international forums (F,G,H,I,K)

– Current large footprint requirement for hydrogen fueling stations (P,N,M)

BarriersTimeline

• Total project funding– DOE share: $1.6M– Contractor share: $10K

• Funding received in FY04: $2.0M• Funding for FY05: $1.6M

Budget

• National Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Codes and Standards Coordinating Committee

• FreedomCAR-President’s H2 Fuel Initiative C&S Tech Team

• North American Hydrogen Fuel Quality Team

Partners

Objectives

• Develop and implement consensus national agenda on domestic and consensus national agenda on domestic and international codes and standards international codes and standards for hydrogen systems in commercial, residential, and transportation applications• Enhance DOE’s role in development of ISO and other international standards and strengthen representation by government and industry at international forums• Facilitate harmonization of requirements for hydrogen applications based on consensus R&D • Integrate codes and standards activities from R&D to pre-commercialization

Approach• Develop unified national agenda for codes and standards

– National templates adopted by consensus of SDO/MCDs• accelerate development of priority standards• designate and support lead SDO/MCDs• facilitate access to standards/model codes through ANSI website

– Coordinate national/international codes and standards activities• National H2/Fuel Cells Codes and Standards Coordinating Committee

• Coordinate R&D through Codes and Standards Tech Team R&D Roadmap– Hydrogen Behavior– Vehicles– Fuel Infrastructure– Fuel-Vehicle Interface

• fuel quality specifications• integrated safety engineering

• Harmonize technical standards and global technical regulations– International template

Approach: Overall StructureDOE

Safety PanelNational H2-FC C&S CC CS Tech Team

R&D Roadmap National Template

R&D ProjectsUS standards

Model codes

ISO standards

Safety PlanInternational Template

IEC standards

FMVSS other standards

Global Technical Regulations

Approach: from R&D to GTRs

20152004 2010

Research

Domestic Codes &

Standards

Global Technical

Regulations (GTRs)

Stds

Codes

GTRs

National

Template

International

Template

IEC, ISOGRPE

R&D Roadmap

Approach: Overall Timetable20082008 20102010 2015201520062006

LFLFVC Formation

Release Scenarios

H2 Behavior

Materials Handbook

20042004

Sensors

Whole System Design [R&D Roadmap]

SetbacksBulk Storage

Containers Dispensing Systems

PipelinesFuel Specs [National Template]

Draft GTR Vehicle Systems

FMVSS

CrashworthinessModeling, Testing

[International Template]

CommercializationCommercializationDecisionDecision

Codes and Codes and Standards

R&DR&D RegulationsRegulationsStandards

Technical Accomplishments/Progress• Unified national agenda for codes and standards

– consolidated national coordination groups and activities• DOE, USFCC, NHA created National H2-FC C&S Coordinating Committee• establish national focal point and consensus on key C&S issues, needs

– ANSI hydrogen portal (www.hcsp.ansi.org)• incorporated C&S matrix and website (www.fuelcellstandards.org) • agreement with key SDO to post and browse H2/FC standards and model codes

– work with all key SDO/MCO to develop essential standards and model codes• Coordinate R&D to develop defensible standards for hydrogen systems

– Codes and Standards Tech Team and R&D Roadmap implementation– initiate whole-system engineering research approach for hydrogen safety– coordinate long-term R&D/test plan for hydrogen fuel quality

• Harmonize technical standards and global technical regulations– member US Technical Advisory Group, ISO/TC197, Hydrogen Technologies– member of ISO/TC197 WG 12 to prepare hydrogen fuel quality specification– work with CGA and CSA to coordinate ISO/TC197 and IEC/TC105

Technical Accomplishments/Progress

• Support and facilitate development of standards and model codes– Draft standards for fueling systems, containers (on-board), sensors,

fuel cells for hand-held devices and telecommunications under review

– Draft standards for piping, bulk storage, composite containers, transportable containers under way

– Fuel cell electric vehicle standards published, under review, or being developed

– Draft ISO Technical Specification for hydrogen fuel quality under review

– Model codes will provide for additional hydrogen applications• 2006 ed., International Code Council model codes• NFPA 52 and 55 under revision

Technical Accomplishments: Fuel Quality

Degrade fuel cellperformance

Increase in H2 fuel cost

H2 qualityJIS K0512

No specs for fuel cell vehiclesISO 14687

Common specs with internalcombustion engine vehicles

JIS K0512No specs for fuel cell vehicles

ISO 14687Common specs with internalcombustion engine vehicles

Evaluate effects of impuritieson PEMFC performance/durability

Evaluate effects of impuritieson PEMFC performance/durability

R&D/Test Plan

ISO H2 fuel quality standardfor PEMFC vehicles

ISO H2 fuel quality standardfor PEMFC vehicles

Higher qualityHigher quality

Lower qualityLower quality

Source: adapted from JARI

Near-term: Technical Specification

based on availableinformation

Near-term: Technical Specification

based on availableinformation

Existing standards for H2 quality

Technical Accomplishments:Development of International H2 Fuel Quality Standard

(PEMFC Road Vehicles-Anode)Testing, R&D

Domestic Codes & Standards

International Standards & Regulations

SAE J2719

National Template

International Template

ISO TC197 WG12

R&D Roadmap

ISO 14687-2

SAE HQTFSAE FCEVSC

DOE FQ R&D Plan

USFCC M&C WG/SCTTF

Transport WG/H2QTFTest ProtocolTest Primer

Impurities Test

1-Cell RRImpurities Matrix LANL

U of Hawaii CaFCP

JARIEC/FCTESTNET

Technical Accomplishments: International Template for Hydrogen Standards and Regulations

Coordination/Harmonization

DOEDOC, DOT, EPA, NASAAPI, ANSI, NHA, USFCCUS TAG chairs IEC, ISO

WorkshopStrategic Plan

Annual Plan and Review

Key International Organizations: UN/ECE WP29/GRPE, NAFTA

Key Domestic Organizations:NHTSA (Crashworthiness)RSPA (Transport, Pipelines)EPA (Emissions)

Key Foreign OrganizationsJapan: Transport MinistryEU: ECE, TUV

Key International OrganizationsIPHEKey Domestic Organizations:ASTM,CaFCP, DOE, NHA, NASA, NIST USFCC, national labs, universitiesKey Foreign OrganizationsJapan: Millennium Project, FCCJ, JARIEU: FCTESTNET, FCTESTQA, HySafeCanada: CFCTA

Key International Organizations: IEC, ISO

Key Domestic Organizations:ANSI, ASME, CGA, CSA, SAE, UL ICC, NFPADOE, DOT, EPA, NASA, NIST

NHA, USFCC, CaFCPKey Foreign OrganizationsJapan: METI, NEDO, JARIEU: FCHP

Standards/Codes Regulations

Research, Testing, Validation

Technical Accomplishments: Harmonization of International Standards and Regulations

Japan: Millenium Project EC: HFCP, HySafe, FCTESTNET

Canada: CFCTA

C&S Tech Team

R&D RoadmapCreate International Target Areas in R&D Roadmap

National H2-FC C&S CC

National Template International Template

Include International Standards & GTRs under National Coordinating Committee

US TAGs ISO TC197, TC22/SC21IEC TC105

WP29/GRPE--EPA/NHTSA

Responses to Previous Year Reviewers’Comments

• Clear definition between portions of budget directed toward codesetting bodies, . . ., etc., and that part . . . used specifically for R&D– R&D part (fuel quality, testing/validation, integrated engineering) are

separate subtasks in FY05– National/international templates, subcontracts to SDOs are separate

subtasks in FY05• Gather international input if available

– developing international template for standards and regulations– developing international collaboration on R&D for hydrogen safety,

codes and standards– member of US delegation to ISO TC197 plenary– member of US TAG to ISO TC197– working with JARI, FCTESTNET, HySafe, HyApproval, etc.

Future Work: Codes and Standards Development

• Expand coordination role for national template– re-evaluate C&S development, synchronize with R&D– transition to performance-based standards

• Develop and implement international template for hydrogen-fueled vehicles based on GTR process– on-board storage components and subsystems– whole-vehicle safety– energy, environmental considerations

• Develop sustained industry participation in ISO, IEC, and GTR process to implement international template– bring international standards and regulations coordination under

purview of National H2-FC C&S Coordinating Committee• coordinate linkages to EC and Japan

Future Work: R&D for Safety, Codes & Standards

• Conduct scenario analysis/risk assessment for C&S process • Coordinate R&D for Vehicle-Fuel Interface Focus Area

– integrated engineering and design• whole-system safety requirements and evaluation

– link R&D in all four focus areas• system design approaches to meet technical requirements

– innovative approaches to inherently safe, energy efficient design• case studies

– link to DOE fleet vehicle validation sub-program, other demo-validation projects– fuel quality

• develop and coordinate comprehensive testing project– refueling station

• coordinate feedback strategies, dispenser testing• develop, test siting template in key states, e.g., CA Hydrogen Highway

• Conduct and coordinate R&D for Detection and Mitigation– comprehensive testing and verification project– detection technology development, testing, and verification

Future Work: Address Hydrogen Fuel Specifications for Total Energy Cycle

FUEL SUPPLIERS

Hydrogen Tank H2 Transfer

Storage

Fuel Cell

Pumps Balance of Plant

Fuel Cell System

Powerplant

VEHICLE

FUEL / VEHICLE INTERFACE

Catalyst

H2 Transfer• Pipelines• Bulk transport• On-site H2 handling

H2 Storage & Dispensing• H2 storage vessels• Dispensing H2• Active H2 storage material

H2 Production Source• Hydrocarbon reforming• Water electrolysis• Hydrides

Support Membrane

Source:

GM Fuel Cell Development / Rollout

Concept CarsIs it real?

Demo CarsCan we do it?

Pre-CommercialIs it viable?

Production

Rule Making

Regulations

FMVSS & UN GTR

Commercial feasibility

Validation & experience

Industry Standards

Rapid technology advances& demo experiences

Guidelines & Best Practices

Future Work: Time Phasing of Standards and Rulemaking with Technology Development

GlobalVolumes <30 100’s 1,000’s Critical

mass

Source: GM

Future Work: Timetable for Fuel Quality Standard

2004 2007 2010

FCVs introduction stagesInitial introduction (Fleet, Demo)

Mass productionCorresponding fuel requirements

End of 2005

Exclude “PEMFC” from “ISO14687-1”ISO14687 Cor

Technical Spec for demo/pre-commercial phase

Standard for mass production

TS14687-2

Long term: ISO 14687-2(includes global R&D/testing)

Exp. 12/2011Rev. 2008

Source: adapted from JARI

Future Work: Fuel Quality• Prepare Technical Corrigendum for ISO 14687

– Remove references to fuel cells• Prepare Technical Specification for hydrogen fuel quality for PEM

fuel cells for road vehicles– Prepare consensus data table at next meeting, January 2005

• Refine single-cell baseline testing at University of Hawaii– Ballard, GM, UTC donating test hardware, expertise

• Develop joint R&D Plan for fuel quality– Part of overall Japan-US-EU collaboration on RD&D for hydrogen

safety, codes and standards• METI/NEDO-DOE workshop to initiate joint RD&D Plan

– invite EU participation to draft RD&D Plan• annual meeting on R&D(Japan, US, EU)

– exchange information and data– coordinate strategy for international standards, GTRs

Future Work: Fuel Quality R&D• Develop R&D plan and testing program as foundation

for international hydrogen fuel quality specifications– Delineate key tasks, timetables, budgets– Build on JARI, ASTM, USFCC, SAE, CAFCP, U of Hawaii,

FCTESTNET work– Incorporate into C&STT R&D Roadmap

• Develop collaborative international R&D Plan– Create and link expert teams in NA, Asia, EU

• Initiate R&D and Testing– Correlate activities to eliminate duplication of effort– Provide strong NA technical support in meeting objectives

• Review Technical Specification• Develop new ISO standard based on R&D and test data

– Joint NA-Asia-EU effort

Future Work: Overall FQ R&D Plan Approach

Single-Cell Test ProtocolSteady-state TestingSingle-constituent TestingShort-term Testing

Advanced Analytic TechniquesNew Material & CompositionsLife Cycle Testing Fuel Cell Modeling

Short-stack TestingDuty cycle Testing

Failure MechanismsRegeneration ConditionsAccelerated Test ProtocolMaterial/Fuel Cell Modeling

Advanced Hydrogen Storage MaterialProduction/Delivery PathsSystems/Cost/Data Analysis

Vehicle Demonstration InformationVehicle Systems ModelingAnalyses of H2 Fuel at Site

Updated H2 Fuel QualityH2Delivery/Vehicle DemosDemo Operation/Cost Analysis Correlation

Multi-cell TestingDynamic TestingDual-constituent TestingLong-term testing

Multi-constituent TestingAccelerated Life Testing

Basic Degradation PathsContamination ResistanceAccelerated Test CorrelationTotal System Modeling

Future Work: Coordinated Approach for GTRs

• Develop and implement international template for US – achieve NA consensus on GTR(s) for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle

systems– harmonize development of domestic standards and GTRs

• overall strategy, objectives, priorities, timing• develop and support expert roster and assignment system• support and coordinate key ISO/IEC TAGs and WG/SC

• Manage international template through National H2FC C&S CC– annual objectives, review strategy and priorities – facilitate coordination through ISO TC197 US TAG website– coordinate with C&S Tech Team

• Facilitate collaborative R&D effort with Japan and EU– consensus testing/data to establish foundation for technical

requirements• start with hydrogen behavior, fuel quality specifications• harmonized test and validation protocols

Partners for Hydrogen Fuel Quality• DOE Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies

– Pat Davis, Antonio Ruiz• SAE International Hydrogen Quality Task Force• USFCC Joint Hydrogen Quality Task Force• ISO TC197 Working Group 12

– Professor Yasuo Takagi, Musashi Institute of Technology, Convener– Dr. Hidenori Tomioka, JARI, Secretary

• ISO TC197 US TAG and WG12• “North American H2 FQ Team”

– Bill Collins, UTC Fuel Cells (USFCC, SAE)– Tony Estrada, PG&E (ASTM)– Karen Hall, NHA (ISO TC197)– Rick Rocheleau, University of Hawaii– Jesse Schneider, Daimler-Chrysler (CaFCP)– Ron Sims, consultant to NREL (SAE)– Mike Steele, Stella Papasavva, GM (SAE)– Andrei Tchouvelev, Tchouvelev and Associates (CTFCA)– Gerald Voecks, consultant to NREL– Silvia Wessel, Ballard Power Systems– Doug Wheeler, consultant to NREL– Robert Wichert, USFCC

Supplemental Slides

The following six slides are for the purposes of the reviewers only.

Publications and Presentations

Patents: Two under preparation for hydrogen safety sensor

Papers:

• Hydrogen Codes and Standards: An Overview of U.S. DOE Efforts (with DOE), WHEC 15, Yokohama, Japan

Presentations:

• ANSI Hydrogen Codes and Standards Portal, New York State Building Officials Conference, Albany, NY

• FCTESTNET conference and international workshop on codes and standards, Ulm, Germany

• NHA Annual Conference, Los Angeles, CA

• NHA workshops, Fuel Cell Seminar, San Antonio and SCAQMD, Diamond Bar, CA

• World Hydrogen Energy Conference 15, Yokohama, Japan

• ISO TC 197 Working Group 12, Newcastle, UK

• DOE Hydrogen Safety Panel, Washington, DC

Hydrogen Safety

To date, no hydrogen hazards have been associated with this project as no laboratory or field work has been conducted. Fuel quality testing initiated at the University of Hawaii is funded under a different program.

Hydrogen Safety

When fuel quality or other testing is initiated under this project, our approach to deal with hazards is to:• follow all provisions of the Guidance for Safety Aspects of

Proposed Hydrogen Projects issued by the DOE Hydrogen Safety Panel

• follow all relevant provisions contained in test protocols• follow all standard operating procedures established by the

institution conducting the tests

Future Work: Test Plan-Part 1

• Identify relationships between contaminant type/level and fuel cell material properties, considering:

– anode catalyst– membrane material– MEA assembly– contaminant species– fuel cell operating conditions

• Provide basis from which to better define H2 fuel quality– use in conjunction with vehicle system requirements (storage, BOP, etc.)– serve as guide for H2 fuel providers/suppliers

• Generate database from which alternative resolutions may result– alternate materials (MEA) that are contaminant ‘immune’– regenerative procedures (operational functions) for performance recovery

• Provide basis for international collaboration– address issues common to all PEM fuel cell vehicles– data to help guide DOE-funded activities

Specifically address vehicular PEM fuel cell performance issues affected by H2 fuel contaminants