Brendan Shaffer Technology Manager Sustainable Energy and Transportation IEPR Transportation Workshop No. 2 Advanced Power and Energy Program University of California, Irvine Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology: Status and Opportunities
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Brendan Shaffer
Technology Manager
Sustainable Energy and Transportation
IEPR Transportation Workshop No. 2
Advanced Power and Energy ProgramUniversity of California, Irvine
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology: Status and Opportunities
2/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
• Air quality issues and climate change require ZEVs FCEVs, BEVs
• Electrification of LDVs provides opportunities for grid support
• Grid will require NG and BG resources to support operation Fuel CellsTIGER Stations
• Grid will require storage to avoid excessive curtailment at high penetrationBatteryHydroHydrogen
3/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
HYDROGEN SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700
Hydrogen from central wind/solar ‐ pipeline delivery
Hydrogen from central wind/solar ‐ liquid truck delivery
On‐site Hydrogen from photovoltaic electrolysis
Hydrogen from Tri‐Generation* ‐ Biogas
Hydrogen from Tri‐Generation* ‐ Natural Gas
Hydrogen from natural gas ‐ gas truck delivery
Hydrogen from natural gas ‐ liquid truck delivery
BEV ‐ CA grid
Plug‐in Hybrid with 40‐mile electric range ‐ CA Grid
Gasoline hybrid
Compressed natural gas vehicle
Gasoline ICE (40 mpg ave)
Gasoline ICE (25 mpg ave)
kg GHG per mile (CO2 eq.)
WTW GHG emissions
Feedstock & refining
Fuel production & treatment
Vehicle manufacturing
Vehicle Tailpipe
http://www.apep.uci.edu/3/research/pdf/SustainableTransportation/WTW_vehicle_greenhouse_gases_Public.pdf
4/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
FCEVs provide large potential for GHG reduction
FCEV GHG Reduction Potential
Central Dispatch of Electrolysis Can Reduce Curtailment
• H2 Fueling Infrastructure portends large storage potential
To support grid balancing operations at high renewable penetrations
• 60% FCEV penetration at 60% Renewable penetration
Dual Sector Analysis – Transportation and Electric Systems
enables 60% reduction in GHG
5/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
Fuel Cell System Shipments – North America
Source: US DOE, 2012 Fuel Cell Technologies Market Report, October 2013.
6/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
REFORMERFUEL
POWER CONDITIONER AC
DCH2
EXHAUST
FUEL CELL STACK
H2O, N2
NATURALGAS
APPLICATION: STATIONARY
STATIONARY FUEL CELLS
HIGH QUALITY HEAT
HIGH EFFICIENCYNO POLLUTANT EMISSIONACOUSTICALLY BENIGN
NO WATER CONSUMPTIONRELIABLE, 24/7 OPERATION
POWER QUALITY
HOT • STEAM• HEAT• COOLING
CCHP
BIOGAS
DC
7/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
e
Fuel ( ) Air ( )
Anode CathodeElectrolyte(ION CONDUCTOR)
H2 O2, N2
Product ( )
ee
MCFCH2
CO2H2O
CO3CO2
O2650°C
SOFCH2
H2OO O2 1000°C
Product ( )H2 H2O, N2 (O2, N2)(H2O)APPLICATION: STATIONARY
STATIONARY FUEL CELLS
PAFC H2H2OO2H+
200°C
8/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
SOURCE: SGIP
• NATURAL GAS 38
• RENEWABLE 43
TOTAL = 81 MW
STATIONARY FC DEPLOYMENTS
STATIONARY FC MARKETS• WASTEWATER PLANTS • HOTELS
• FOOD PROCESSING • BREWERIES
• GOVERNMENT • UNIVERSITIES
• HOSPITALS • INDUSTRIES
• COMMUNICATIONS • UTILITIES
• GROCERY STORES • MANUFACTURING
STATIONARY FUEL CELLS
APPLICATION: STATIONARY
9/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
SOURCE: SGIP
• NATURAL GAS 38
• RENEWABLE 43
TOTAL = 81 MW
STATIONARY FC DEPLOYMENTS
STATIONARY FC MARKETS• WASTEWATER PLANTS • HOTELS
• FOOD PROCESSING • BREWERIES
• GOVERNMENT • UNIVERSITIES
• HOSPITALS • INDUSTRIES
• COMMUNICATIONS • UTILITIES
• GROCERY STORES • MANUFACTURING
Albertson’sSan Diego
St. Helena HospitalSt. Helena
Inland Empire Utilities AgencyOntario
CalTechPasadena
RENEWABLE
2003
2009
1990
STATIONARY FUEL CELLS
APPLICATION: STATIONARYCalifornia State UniversityNorthridge
10/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
STATIONARY FUEL CELL SHIPMENTS
• US, South Korea, and Japan major markets
• Japan many small units
• South Korea a few large units
Source: US DOE, 2012 Fuel Cell Technologies Market Report, October 2013.
11/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
NUCLEAR
HYDRO
RENEWABLE
CENTRAL GENERATIONDISTRIBUTED GENERATION
RENEWABLE
TIGER STATION(Transmission Integrated Grid Energy Resource)
Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid
STATIONARY FUEL CELLS
12/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
Bridgeport 15 MW
STATIONARY FUEL CELLS
13/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
59 MWSouth Korea
STATIONARY FUEL CELLS
14/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
Annual Electricity CO2 Emissions
In MMT
54.3
51.0
47.4
Base Case TIGER TIGER‐adv
‐6%,‐13%
CA Grid Modeling CO2 Emissions
TIGERs to Support GHG Reduction Targets
• Base Case: 33% Renewable Penetration, No Coal
• 5GW Deployment of TIGER stations (NG fueled)
15/14© 2014 Advanced Power and Energy Program
Brendan Shaffer
Technology Manager
Sustainable Energy and Transportation
IEPR Transportation Workshop No. 2
Advanced Power and Energy ProgramUniversity of California, Irvine
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology: Status and Opportunities
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