Hydro Power Plant Akshay Khapane

7/31/2019 Hydro Power Plant Akshay Khapane

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Presented by

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Introduction

History

Types

Principle

Simple view

Block diagramDifferent dam

Advantage & disadvantage

References

INDEX

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HYDRO POWER

INTRODUCTION

1) One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating

electricity on large scale basis is hydropower

2) The power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower

3) Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in

large quantities from rain, rivers, and oceans and this is will be available forunlimited time to come

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HISTORY

- In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for milling of lumber and grainand for pumping irrigation water

- Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generatingstation in the United States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power

- The total electrical capacity generated was equivalent to 250 lights

- The largest and last masonry dam built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamationwas the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona between 1905-1911; its power output hasincreased from 4,500 kW to 36,000 kW

- Still in use today, Niagra Falls was the first hydropower site developed for avast quantity of electricity

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http://www.usbr.gov/lc/phoenix/user/publicrl/rdhistory.htmlhttp://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/niagara/snapshots.htmlhttp://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/niagara/snapshots.htmlhttp://www.usbr.gov/lc/phoenix/user/publicrl/rdhistory.html


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TYPES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

1) Water wheels

2) Hydro power plants

3) Wave energy from oceans

4) Tidal energy

5) Damless hydro power

Based on Quantity of Water Available

1) Run-off river hydro plants with pond

2) Run-off river hydro plants with pond

3) Reservoir hydroelectric power plants

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Based on the Head of Water Available

1) Low head hydroelectric power plants

2)Medium head hydroelectric power plants

3) High head hydroelectric power plants

Based on the Nature of Load

1) Base load hydroelectric power plants

2) Peak load hydroelectric power plants

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PRINCIPLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

WATER CYCLE

VAPORATION PRECIPITION RAIN

The continuous cycle in which water changes from watervapor in the atmosphere to liquid water through condensationand precipitation and then back to water vapor throughevaporation, transpiration, and respiration

Water energies: Kinetic energy , Potential energy

PROCESS / STAGES

1) Water in reservoir

2) Fall in turbine blade

3) Shaft rotation

4) Electric generation

5) Flow back of water Water cycle in the hydraulic power [email protected]


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DAM TURBINE

POWER HOUSE

INTAKE

GENERATOR

PENSTOCKRESEVOIR

POWER LINE

TRANSFORMER

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Storage dams

To impound water used for Irrigation

Flood control

Power generation

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COMPONENT AND WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

1) Dam

What is dam

Location

Classification of dams

Storage dams

Diversion dams

Detention dams

Overflow dams

Rockfill dams

Gravity dams

Gravity dam

Dam structure and design

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The movement of water can be used to make electricity. Energy from

water is created by the force of water moving from a higher elevation

to a lower elevation through a large pipe (penstock). When the water

reaches the end of the pipe, it hits and spins a water wheel or turbine.

The turbine rotates the connected shaft, which then turns the

generator, making electricity.

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2) Water reservoir

Place behind the damHeight of water

Potential energy

3) Intake or control gates

Gates inside of the dam.

Inlet gates

4) The penstock

To carries the water

Controlled by the control gates

5) Water turbines

Convert HYDROLIC energy to MECHANICAL energy

6) Generators

Convert MECHANICAL energy in ELECTRICAL [email protected]


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7) Transformer

Converts the alternating current to high voltage current.

Two coils: the supply coil and the outlet coil.

Voltage required for various applications is 110V or 230V.Numbers of turns in outlet coil are double of supply coil, the voltageproduced is also double.

8) Tailrace

Pipeline to drain the water

The potential energy of water in the tailrace has been used to generateelectricity

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A water intake must be able to divert the required amount of

water in to a power canal or into a penstock without producing

a negative impact on the local environment.

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conveying water from the intake to the power

house.

Of concrete in low heads

Of steel iis suitable for all heads

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cleaning machine, which removes debris from water

In order to save water ways and electromechanical

equipment from any damage.

Set steel bars on edge to the flow of water and space about1 apart

A head gate or valve should be installed below the trash

rack to control flow and to allow the turbine to be inspected

and repaired.

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CASE STUDY OF HIRAKUND DAM

It was the first major multipurpose river valley project started after India's

independence.

Built across the Mahanadi riverabout 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Orissa in India.

HISTORY

Built in 1956 Length is about (26 km)

(A) HYDROLOGICAL :-

(a) Catchment - 83400 Sq. Kms (32200 sq miles)

(b) Rain fall(mm) - Original Revised

SALIENT FEATURES

Top dam level R.L 195.680M. (R.L.642 ft.)

Dead storage level R.L 197.830 M (R.L 590 Ft)

N:Installed Capicity = 307.50 [email protected]


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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OFHYDRO POWER PLANT

Advantages

1) No fuel required

2) Cost of electricity is constant3) No air-pollution is created

4) Long life

5) Cost of generation of electricity

6) Can easily work during high peak daily loads

7) Irrigation of farms

8) Water sports and gardens

9) Prevents floods

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DISADVANTAGES

1) Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems

2) Disruption in the surrounding areas

3) Requires large areas

4) Large scale human displacement

5) Very high capital cost or investment

6) High quality construction

7) Site specific

8) Effects on environment

9) Safety of the dams

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Hydro Power Plant Akshay Khapane

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