Hydraulic Fracturing in the Marcellus Shale
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- 1. Shale Formations
- 2. The Marcellus Shale
- 3. What is Fracking?
- 4. Fracking
- 5. History 1947 First experiment in Southwestern Kansas 1949 Halliburton begins first commercial hydraulic fracturing. 1970s Eastern Gas Shales Project. Public-Private demonstration project
- 6. Slickwater Fracturing 1997 Mitchell Energy added chemicals to the water. Made hydraulic fracturing more economical
- 7. Benefits Lower natural gas prices Domestic energy Expected to be 70% of the natural gas drilling in North America.
- 8. Controversies
- 9. Groundwater Contamination
- 10. Fluids Used in the US Methanol Isopropyl alcohol 2-Butoxyethanol Ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
- 11. Sludge Disposal Sludge from fracking fluid in Pennsylvania and Virginia picks up radium from underground. Problem for landfills and wastewater treatment plants Cannot be land applied!
- 12. Air Pollution - Methane
- 13. Seismicity Fracking causes microearthquakes (-1.6 M) Injection waste water causes tremors (3.3 M) New Years Eve 2011 Youngstown, OH experienced a 4.0 M quake. Texas had several minor quakes throughout 2012.
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