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Research ArticleHybrid Viscosity Approaches to General Systems ofVariational Inequalities with Hierarchical Fixed Point ProblemConstraints in Banach Spaces
Lu-Chuan Ceng1 Saleh A Al-Mezel2 and Abdul Latif2
1 Department of Mathematics Shanghai Normal University and Scientific Computing Key Laboratory of Shanghai UniversitiesShanghai 200234 China
2Department of Mathematics King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
Correspondence should be addressed to Saleh A Al-Mezel mathsalehyahoocom
Received 4 August 2013 Revised 4 December 2013 Accepted 20 December 2013 Published 17 February 2014
Academic Editor Hichem Ben-El-Mechaiekh
Copyright copy 2014 Lu-Chuan Ceng et alThis is an open access article distributed under theCreative CommonsAttribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze hybrid viscosity methods for a general system of variational inequalities(GSVI) with hierarchical fixed point problem constraint in the setting of real uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banachspaces Here the hybrid viscosity methods are based on Korpelevichrsquos extragradient method viscosity approximation method andhybrid steepest-descent method We propose and consider hybrid implicit and explicit viscosity iterative algorithms for solvingthe GSVI with hierarchical fixed point problem constraint not only for a nonexpansive mapping but also for a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings inX respectivelyWe derive some strong convergence theorems under appropriate conditions Our resultsextend improve supplement and develop the recent results announced by many authors
1 Introduction
Let 119883 be a real Banach space whose dual space is denoted by119883lowast Let 119880 = 119909 isin 119883 119909 = 1 denote the unit sphere of 119883
A Banach space 119883 is said to be uniformly convex if for each120598 isin (0 2] there exists 120575 gt 0 such that for all 119909 119910 isin 119880
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817 ge 120598 997904rArr
where ⟨sdot sdot⟩ denotes the generalized duality pairing It is animmediate consequence of the Hahn-Banach theorem that119869(119909) is nonempty for each 119909 isin 119883
Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Banachspace 119883 A mapping 119879 119862 rarr 119862 is said to be 119871-Lipschitzian
if there exists a constant 119871 gt 0 such that 119879119909 minus 119879119910 le
119871119909 minus 119910 for all 119909 119910 isin 119862 In particular if 119871 = 1 then 119879
is said to be nonexpansive The set of fixed points of 119879 isdenoted by Fix(119879) We use the notation to indicate theweak convergence and the one rarr to indicate the strongconvergence A mapping 119860 119862 rarr 119883 is said to be
(i) accretive if for each 119909 119910 isin 119862 there exists 119895(119909 minus 119910) isin
119869(119909 minus 119910) such that
⟨119860119909 minus 119860119910 119895 (119909 minus 119910)⟩ ge 0 (3)
where 119869 is the normalized duality mapping of 119883(ii) 120572-inverse-strongly accretive if for each 119909 119910 isin 119862
there exists 119895(119909 minus 119910) isin 119869(119909 minus 119910) such that
⟨119860119909 minus 119860119910 119895 (119909 minus 119910)⟩ ge 1205721003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(4)
for some 120572 isin (0 1)(iii) pseudocontractive if for each 119909 119910 isin 119862 there exists
119895(119909 minus 119910) isin 119869(119909 minus 119910) such that
⟨119860119909 minus 119860119910 119895 (119909 minus 119910)⟩ le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(5)
Hindawi Publishing CorporationAbstract and Applied AnalysisVolume 2014 Article ID 945985 18 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552014945985
2 Abstract and Applied Analysis
(iv) 120573-strongly pseudocontractive if for each 119909 119910 isin 119862there exists 119895(119909 minus 119910) isin 119869(119909 minus 119910) such that
⟨119860119909 minus 119860119910 119895 (119909 minus 119910)⟩ le 1205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2 (6)
for some 120573 isin (0 1)(v) 120582-strictly pseudocontractive if for each 119909 119910 isin 119862
there exists 119895(119909 minus 119910) isin 119869(119909 minus 119910) such that
⟨119860119909 minus 119860119910 119895 (119909 minus 119910)⟩ le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 1205821003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910 minus (119860119909 minus 119860119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(7)
for some 120582 isin (0 1)It is worth emphasizing that the definition of the inverse-
strongly accretive mapping is based on that of the inverse-strongly monotone mapping which was studied by so manyauthors see for example [1ndash7]
A Banach space 119883 is said to be smooth if the limit
lim119905rarr0
1003817100381710038171003817119909 + 1199051199101003817100381710038171003817 minus 119909
119905
(8)
exists for all 119909 119910 isin 119883 in this case 119883 is also said tohave a Gateaux differentiable norm Moreover it is said tobe uniformly smooth if this limit is attained uniformly for119909 119910 isin 119880 in this case 119883 is also said to have a uniformly Fre-chet differentiable norm The norm of 119883 is said to be theFrechet differential if for each 119909 isin 119880 this limit is attaineduniformly for 119910 isin 119880 In the meantime we define a function120588 [0infin) rarr [0infin) called the modulus of smoothness of119883as follows
120588 (120591) = sup 1
2(1003817100381710038171003817119909 + 119910
1003817100381710038171003817 +1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817) minus 1 119909 119910 isin 119883
119909 = 11003817100381710038171003817119910
1003817100381710038171003817 = 120591
(9)
It is known that 119883 is uniformly smooth if and only iflim120591rarr0
120588(120591)120591 = 0 Let 119902 be a fixed real number with 1 lt 119902 le
2 Then a Banach space119883 is said to be 119902-uniformly smooth ifthere exists a constant 119888 gt 0 such that 120588(120591) le 119888120591
119902 for all 120591 gt 0As pointed out in [8] no Banach space is 119902-uniformly smoothfor 119902 gt 2 In addition it is also known that 119869 is single-valuedif and only if119883 is smooth whereas if119883 is uniformly smooththen the mapping 119869 is norm-to-norm uniformly continuouson bounded subsets of 119883
In a real smooth Banach space119883 we say that an operator119860 is strongly positive (see [9]) if there exists a constant 120574 gt 0
with the property
⟨119860119909 119869 (119909)⟩ ge 1205741199092
119886119868 minus 119887119860 = sup119909le1
|⟨(119886119868 minus 119887119860) 119909 119869 (119909)⟩|
119886 isin [0 1] 119887 isin [minus1 1]
(10)
where 119868 is the identity mapping
Proposition CB (see [9 Lemma 25]) Let 119862 be a nonemptyclosed convex subset of a uniformly smooth Banach space119883 Let
119879 119862 rarr 119862 be a continuous pseudocontractive mapping withFix(119879) = 0 and let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian stronglypseudocontractive mapping with pseudocontractive coefficient120573 isin (0 1) and Lipschitzian constant 119871 gt 0 Let 119860 119862 rarr 119862
be a strongly positive linear bounded operator with coefficient120574 gt 0 Assume that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 and 0 lt 120573 lt 120574 Let 119909
119905 be
defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) 119879119909
119905 (11)
Then as 119905 rarr 0 119909119905 converges strongly to some fixed point 119901
of 119879 such that 119901 is the unique solution in Fix(119879) to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Fix (119879) (12)
On the other hand Cai and Bu [10] considered the follo-wing general system of variational inequalities (GSVI) ina real smooth Banach space 119883 which involves finding(119909lowast
119910lowast
) isin 119862 times 119862 such that
⟨12058311198611119910lowast
+ 119909lowast
minus 119910lowast
119869 (119909 minus 119909lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
⟨12058321198612119909lowast
+ 119910lowast
minus 119909lowast
119869 (119909 minus 119910lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
(13)
where 119862 is a nonempty closed and convex subset of 1198831198611 1198612
119862 rarr 119883 are two nonlinear mappings and 1205831and
1205832are two positive constants Here the set of solutions of
GSVI (13) is denoted by GSVI(119862 1198611 1198612) Very recently Cai
and Bu [10] constructed an iterative algorithm for solvingGSVI (13) and a common fixed point problem of an infinitefamily of nonexpansive mappings in a uniformly convex and2-uniformly smooth Banach space They proved the strongconvergence of the proposed algorithm by virtue of thefollowing inequality in a 2-uniformly smooth Banach space119883
Lemma 1 (see [11]) Let 119883 be a 2-uniformly smooth BanachspaceThen there exists a best smooth constant 120581 gt 0 such that
where 119869 is the normalized duality mapping from 119883 into 119883lowast
The authors [10] have used the following inequality in areal smooth and uniform convex Banach space 119883
Proposition 2 (see [12]) Let119883 be a real smooth and uniformconvex Banach space and let 119903 gt 0 Then there exists a strictlyincreasing continuous and convex function 119892 [0 2119903] rarr R119892(0) = 0 such that
119892 (1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817) le 1199092
minus 2 ⟨119909 119869 (119910)⟩ +1003817100381710038171003817119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
forall119909 119910 isin 119861119903
(15)
where 119861119903= 119909 isin 119883 119909 le 119903
2 Preliminaries
We list some lemmas that will be used in the sequel Lemma 3can be found in [13] Lemma 4 is an immediate consequenceof the subdifferential inequality of the function (12) sdot
2
Abstract and Applied Analysis 3
Lemma 3 Let 119886119899 be a sequence of nonnegative real numbers
such that
119886119899+1
le (1 minus 119887119899) 119886119899+ 119887119899119888119899 forall119899 ge 0 (16)
where 119887119899 and 119888
119899 are sequences of real numbers satisfying the
following conditions
(i) 119887119899 sub [0 1] and sum
infin
119899=0119887119899= infin
(ii) either lim sup119899rarrinfin
119888119899le 0 or suminfin
119899=0|119887119899119888119899| lt infin
Then lim119899rarrinfin
119886119899= 0
Lemma 4 In a smooth Banach space 119883 there holds theinequality
where 119869 is the normalized duality mapping of 119883
Let 120583 be a mean if 120583 is a continuous linear functional on119897infin satisfying 120583 = 1 = 120583(1) Then we know that 120583 is a meanon N if and only if
inf 119886119899 119899 isin N le 120583 (119886) le sup 119886
119899 119899 isin N (18)
for every 119886 = (1198861 1198862 ) isin 119897
infin According to time and circu-mstances we use 120583
119899(119886119899) instead of 120583(119886) A mean 120583 on N is
Further it is well known that there holds the followingresult
Lemma 5 (see [14]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a uniformly smooth Banach space 119883 Let 119909
119899 be a bounded
sequence of 119883 let 120583 be a mean on N and let 119911 isin 119862 Then
120583119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199111003817100381710038171003817
2
= min119910isin119862
120583119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
2
(22)
if and only if
120583119899⟨119910 minus 119911 119869 (119909
119899minus 119911)⟩ le 0 forall119910 isin 119862 (23)
where 119869 is the normalized duality mapping of 119883
Lemma 6 (see [9 Lemma 26]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real Banach space 119883 which has uniformlyGateaux differentiable norm Let 119879 119862 rarr 119862 be a continuouspseudocontractive mapping with Fix(119879) = 0 and let 119891 119862 rarr
119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian strongly pseudocontractive mappingwith pseudocontractive coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) and Lipschitzianconstant 119871 gt 0 Let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with coefficient 120574 gt 0 Assume that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub
119862 and that 119909119905 converges strongly to 119901 isin Fix(119879) as 119905 rarr 0
where 119909119905is defined by 119909
119905= 119905119891(119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860)119879119909
119905 Suppose that
119909119899 sub 119862 is bounded and that lim
119899rarrinfin119909119899minus 119879119909119899 = 0 Then
lim sup119899rarrinfin
⟨(119891 minus 119860)119901 119869(119909119899minus 119901)⟩ le 0
Lemma 7 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset of a realsmooth Banach space 119883 Let 119865 119862 rarr 119883 be an 120572-stronglyaccretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572 + 120582 ge 1Then 119868 minus119865 is nonexpansive and 119865 is Lipschitz continuous withconstant (1+radic(1 minus 120572)120582) Further for any fixed 120591 isin (0 1) 119868minus
120591119865 is contractive with coefficient 1 minus 120591(1 minus radic(1 minus 120572)120582)
Proof From the 120582-strictly pseudocontractivity and 120572-strongly accretivity of 119865 we have for all 119909 119910 isin 119862
1205821003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus ⟨119865 (119909) minus 119865 (119910) 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
le (1 minus 120572)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(24)
which implies that
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 1199101003817100381710038171003817 le radic
1 minus 120572
120582
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817 (25)
Because 120572 + 120582 ge 1 hArr radic(1 minus 120572)120582 le 1 we know that 119868 minus 119865 isnonexpansive Also note that
1003817100381710038171003817119865 (119909) minus 119865 (119910)1003817100381710038171003817 le
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 1199101003817100381710038171003817 +
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le (1 + radic1 minus 120572
120582)
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
(26)
Now take a fixed 120591 isin (0 1) arbitrarily Observe that for all119909 119910 isin 119862
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120591119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 120591119865) 1199101003817100381710038171003817
=1003817100381710038171003817(1 minus 120591) (119909 minus 119910) + 120591 [(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 119910]
1003817100381710038171003817
le (1 minus 120591)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205911003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
le (1 minus 120591)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817 + 120591(radic1 minus 120572
120582)
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
= (1 minus 120591(1 minus radic1 minus 120572
120582))
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
(27)
Because 120572 + 120582 gt 1 hArr radic(1 minus 120572)120582 lt 1 we know that 119868 minus 120591119865 iscontractive with coefficient 1 minus 120591(1 minus radic(1 minus 120572)120582)
4 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Let 119863 be a subset of 119862 and let Π be a mapping of 119862 into119863 Then Π is said to be sunny if
whenever Π(119909) + 119905(119909 minus Π(119909)) isin 119862 for 119909 isin 119862 and 119905 ge 0 Amapping Π of 119862 into itself is called a retraction if Π2 = Π Ifa mappingΠ of 119862 into itself is a retraction thenΠ(119911) = 119911 forevery 119911 isin 119877(Π) where 119877(Π) is the range of Π A subset 119863 of119862 is called a sunny nonexpansive retract of 119862 if there exists asunny nonexpansive retraction from119862 onto119863The followinglemma concerns the sunny nonexpansive retraction
Lemma 8 (see [15]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a real smooth Banach space 119883 Let 119863 be a nonempty subsetof 119862 LetΠ be a retraction of 119862 onto119863 Then the following areequivalent
(i) Π is sunny and nonexpansive(ii) Π(119909) minus Π(119910)
2
le ⟨119909 minus 119910 119869(Π(119909) minus Π(119910))⟩ for all119909 119910 isin 119862
(iii) ⟨119909 minus Π(119909) 119869(119910 minus Π(119909))⟩ le 0 for all 119909 isin 119862 119910 isin 119863
It is well known that if 119883 = 119867 is a Hilbert space thena sunny nonexpansive retraction Π
119862is coincident with the
metric projection from 119883 onto 119862 that is Π119862
= 119875119862 If 119862
is a nonempty closed convex subset of a strictly convex anduniformly smooth Banach space 119883 and if 119879 119862 rarr 119862 isa nonexpansive mapping with the fixed point set Fix(119879) = 0then the set Fix(119879) is a sunny nonexpansive retract of 119862
Lemma 9 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset of asmooth Banach space 119883 Let Π
119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from119883 onto119862 and let 1198611 1198612 119862 rarr 119883 be nonlinear
mappings For given 119909lowast
119910lowast
isin 119862 (119909lowast
119910lowast
) is a solution ofGSVI (13) if and only if 119909lowast = Π
119862(119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
) where 119910lowast
=
Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)
Proof We can rewrite GSVI (13) as
⟨119909lowast
minus (119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
) 119869 (119909 minus 119909lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
⟨119910lowast
minus (119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
) 119869 (119909 minus 119910lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
(29)
which is obviously equivalent to
119909lowast
= Π119862(119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
)
119910lowast
= Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)
(30)
because of Lemma 8 This completes the proof
In terms of Lemma 9 define the mapping 119866 119862 rarr 119862 asfollows
119866 (119909) = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) 119909 forall119909 isin 119862 (31)
Then we observe that
119909lowast
= Π119862[Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
) minus 12058311198611Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)]
(32)
which implies that 119909lowast is a fixed point of the mapping 119866
Throughout this paper the set of fixed points of the mapping119866 is denoted by Ω
Lemma 10 (see [16]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convexsubset of a strictly convex Banach space 119883 Let 119879
119899infin
119899=0
be a sequence of nonexpansive mappings on 119862 Suppose⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119879119899) is nonempty Let 120582
119899 be a sequence of positive
numbers with suminfin
119899=0120582119899
= 1 Then a mapping 119879 on 119862 definedby 119879119909 = sum
infin
119899=0120582119899119879119899119909 for 119909 isin 119862 is well-defined nonexpansive
and Fix(119879) = ⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119879119899) holds
Lemma 11 (see [17]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a Banach space 119883 Let 119878
infinThen for each119910 isin 119862 119878119899119910 converges strongly to some point
of 119862 Moreover let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself defined by119878119910 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119910 for all 119910 isin 119862 Then lim
119899rarrinfinsup119878119909 minus
119878119899119909 119909 isin 119862 = 0
3 GSVI with Hierarchical FixedPoint Problem Constraint fora Nonexpansive Mapping
In this section we introduce our hybrid implicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a nonexpansivemapping and show thestrong convergence theorem First we list several useful andhelpful lemmas
Lemma 12 (see [10 Lemma 28]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883Let the mapping 119861
119894 119862 rarr 119883 be 120572
119894-inverse-strongly accretive
Then one has
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120583119894119861119894) 119909 minus (119868 minus 120583
119894119861119894) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 2120583119894(1205831198941205812
minus 120572119894)1003817100381710038171003817119861119894119909 minus 119861
1198941199101003817100381710038171003817
2
forall119909 119910 isin 119862
(33)
for 119894 = 1 2 where 120583119894gt 0 In particular if 0 lt 120583
119894le 1205721198941205812
(where 120581 is the best constant of119883 as in Lemma 1) then 119868minus120583119894119861119894
is nonexpansive for 119894 = 1 2
Lemma 13 (see [10 Lemma 29]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883LetΠ119862be a sunny nonexpansive retraction from119883 onto 119862 Let
the mapping 119861119894 119862 rarr 119883 be 120572
119894-inverse-strongly accretive for
119894 = 1 2 Let 119866 119862 rarr 119862 be the mapping defined by
119866119909 = Π119862[Π119862(119909 minus 120583
21198612119909) minus 120583
11198611Π119862(119909 minus 120583
21198612119909)]
forall119909 isin 119862
(34)
If 0 lt 120583119894le 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 then 119866 119862 rarr 119862 is none-
xpansive
Lemma 14 (see [18]) Let119883 be a Banach space 119862 a nonemptyclosed and convex subset of 119883 and 119879 119862 rarr 119862 a continuous
Abstract and Applied Analysis 5
and strong pseudocontractionThen119879 has a unique fixed pointin 119862
Lemma 15 (see [19]) Assume that 119860 is a strongly positive lin-ear bounded operator on a smooth Banach space119883with coeffi-cient 120574 gt 0 and 0 lt 120588 le 119860
minus1 Then 119868 minus 1205881198602
le 1 minus 120588120574
We now state and prove our first result
Theorem 16 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894 119862 rarr 119883 be
120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119879 119862 rarr 119862
be a nonexpansive mapping such that Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ω = 0
where Ω is the fixed point set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus
12058311198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with 0 lt 120583
119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let
119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian strongly pseudocontractivemapping with pseudocontractive coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) andLipschitzian constant 119871 gt 0 let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-stronglyaccretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572 + 120582 gt 1 andlet119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear bounded operatorwith 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Let 119909
119905 be defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (35)
where 120579119905 119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) with lim
119905rarr0120579119905119905 = 0 Then as
119905 rarr 0 119909119905 converges strongly to a point 119901 isin Λ which is the
unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (36)
Proof First let us show that the net 119909119905 is defined well As a
matter of fact define the mapping 119878119905 119862 rarr 119862 as follows
119878119905119909 = 119905119891 (119909) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909) minus 120579
We may assume without loss of generality that 119905 le 119860minus1
Utilizing Lemmas 7 13 and 15 we have
⟨119878119905119909 minus 119878119905119910 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909) minus 119891 (119910) 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [(119868 minus 120579119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)]
119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
1 minus 120572
120582))
times1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909) minus 119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119879119909 minus 119879119910
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(38)
Hence it is known that 119878119905
119862 rarr 119862 is a continuous andstrongly pseudocontractive mapping with pseudocontractivecoefficient 1minus119905(120574minus120573) isin (0 1)Thus by Lemma 14 we deducethat there exists a unique fixed point in 119862 denoted by 119909
119905
which uniquely solves the fixed point equation
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (39)
Let us show the uniqueness of the solution of VIP (36)Suppose that both 119901
1isin Λ and 119901
2isin Λ are solutions to VIP
(36) Then we have
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199012 119869 (1199012minus 1199011)⟩ le 0
(40)
Adding up the above two inequalities we obtain
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0 (41)
Note that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩
= ⟨119860 (1199011minus 1199012) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
minus ⟨119891 (1199011) minus 119891 (119901
2) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
ge 12057410038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 12057310038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (120574 minus 120573)10038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
ge 0
(42)
Consequently we have1199011= 1199012 and the uniqueness is proved
Next let us show that for some 119886 isin (0 1) 119909119905 119905 isin (0 119886]
is bounded Indeed since 120579119905
119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) withlim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 there exists some 119886 isin (0 1) such that
0 le 120579119905119905 lt 1 for all 119905 isin (0 119886] Take a fixed 119901 isin Fix(Λ)
arbitrarily Utilizing Lemma 7 we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
2
= ⟨119905 (119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901]
minus119905 (119860119901 minus 119891 (119901)) 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901) 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901] 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
6 Abstract and Applied Analysis
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times [1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909
119905) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901)
1003817100381710038171003817
+1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817]1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
le (1 minus 120579)1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119879119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205791003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119866119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817
(70)
So from (64) and (66) we obtain
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119882119909119905
1003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (71)
Since119883 is a uniformly smooth Banach space119870 is a nonemptybounded closed convex subset of119862 for more details see [14]We claim that 119870 is also invariant under the nonexpansivemapping 119882 Indeed noticing (71) we have for 119908 isin 119870
Since every nonempty closed bounded convex subset of auniformly smooth Banach space 119883 has the fixed point prop-erty for nonexpansive mappings and 119882 is a nonexpansivemapping of 119870 119882 has a fixed point in 119870 say 119901 UtilizingLemma 5 we get
120583119896⟨119909 minus 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (73)
Putting 119909 = (119891 minus 119860)119901 + 119901 isin 119862 we have
120583119896⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (74)
Abstract and Applied Analysis 9
Since 119909119905119896
minus 119901 = 119905119896(119891(119909119905119896
) minus 119891(119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119896119860)[119866(119879119909
119905119896
) minus 120579119905119896
119865119866(119879119909119905119896
) minus 119901] minus 119905119896(119860 minus 119891)119901 we get
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909
119905minus 119906)⟩
(78)
which hence implies that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩ le
120579119905
119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 forall119906 isin Λ
(79)
Since 119909119905119896
rarr 119901 as 119905119896
rarr 0 and lim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 we obtain
from the last inequality that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (80)
Utilizing the well-known Minty-type Lemma we get
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (81)
So 119901 is a solution in Λ to the VIP (36)In order to prove that the net 119909
119905 119905 isin (0 119886] converges
strongly to 119901 as 119905 rarr 0 suppose that there exists anothersubsequence 119909
119904119896
sub 119909119905 such that 119909
119904119896
rarr 119902 as 119904119896
rarr 0then we also have 119902 isin Fix(119882) = Fix(119879) cap Ω = Λ due to(71) Repeating the same argument as above we know that119902 is another solution in Λ to the VIP (36) In terms of theuniqueness of solutions inΛ to the VIP (36) we immediatelyget 119901 = 119902 This completes the proof
10 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
(iv) 120573-strongly pseudocontractive if for each 119909 119910 isin 119862there exists 119895(119909 minus 119910) isin 119869(119909 minus 119910) such that
⟨119860119909 minus 119860119910 119895 (119909 minus 119910)⟩ le 1205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2 (6)
for some 120573 isin (0 1)(v) 120582-strictly pseudocontractive if for each 119909 119910 isin 119862
there exists 119895(119909 minus 119910) isin 119869(119909 minus 119910) such that
⟨119860119909 minus 119860119910 119895 (119909 minus 119910)⟩ le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 1205821003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910 minus (119860119909 minus 119860119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(7)
for some 120582 isin (0 1)It is worth emphasizing that the definition of the inverse-
strongly accretive mapping is based on that of the inverse-strongly monotone mapping which was studied by so manyauthors see for example [1ndash7]
A Banach space 119883 is said to be smooth if the limit
lim119905rarr0
1003817100381710038171003817119909 + 1199051199101003817100381710038171003817 minus 119909
119905
(8)
exists for all 119909 119910 isin 119883 in this case 119883 is also said tohave a Gateaux differentiable norm Moreover it is said tobe uniformly smooth if this limit is attained uniformly for119909 119910 isin 119880 in this case 119883 is also said to have a uniformly Fre-chet differentiable norm The norm of 119883 is said to be theFrechet differential if for each 119909 isin 119880 this limit is attaineduniformly for 119910 isin 119880 In the meantime we define a function120588 [0infin) rarr [0infin) called the modulus of smoothness of119883as follows
120588 (120591) = sup 1
2(1003817100381710038171003817119909 + 119910
1003817100381710038171003817 +1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817) minus 1 119909 119910 isin 119883
119909 = 11003817100381710038171003817119910
1003817100381710038171003817 = 120591
(9)
It is known that 119883 is uniformly smooth if and only iflim120591rarr0
120588(120591)120591 = 0 Let 119902 be a fixed real number with 1 lt 119902 le
2 Then a Banach space119883 is said to be 119902-uniformly smooth ifthere exists a constant 119888 gt 0 such that 120588(120591) le 119888120591
119902 for all 120591 gt 0As pointed out in [8] no Banach space is 119902-uniformly smoothfor 119902 gt 2 In addition it is also known that 119869 is single-valuedif and only if119883 is smooth whereas if119883 is uniformly smooththen the mapping 119869 is norm-to-norm uniformly continuouson bounded subsets of 119883
In a real smooth Banach space119883 we say that an operator119860 is strongly positive (see [9]) if there exists a constant 120574 gt 0
with the property
⟨119860119909 119869 (119909)⟩ ge 1205741199092
119886119868 minus 119887119860 = sup119909le1
|⟨(119886119868 minus 119887119860) 119909 119869 (119909)⟩|
119886 isin [0 1] 119887 isin [minus1 1]
(10)
where 119868 is the identity mapping
Proposition CB (see [9 Lemma 25]) Let 119862 be a nonemptyclosed convex subset of a uniformly smooth Banach space119883 Let
119879 119862 rarr 119862 be a continuous pseudocontractive mapping withFix(119879) = 0 and let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian stronglypseudocontractive mapping with pseudocontractive coefficient120573 isin (0 1) and Lipschitzian constant 119871 gt 0 Let 119860 119862 rarr 119862
be a strongly positive linear bounded operator with coefficient120574 gt 0 Assume that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 and 0 lt 120573 lt 120574 Let 119909
119905 be
defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) 119879119909
119905 (11)
Then as 119905 rarr 0 119909119905 converges strongly to some fixed point 119901
of 119879 such that 119901 is the unique solution in Fix(119879) to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Fix (119879) (12)
On the other hand Cai and Bu [10] considered the follo-wing general system of variational inequalities (GSVI) ina real smooth Banach space 119883 which involves finding(119909lowast
119910lowast
) isin 119862 times 119862 such that
⟨12058311198611119910lowast
+ 119909lowast
minus 119910lowast
119869 (119909 minus 119909lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
⟨12058321198612119909lowast
+ 119910lowast
minus 119909lowast
119869 (119909 minus 119910lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
(13)
where 119862 is a nonempty closed and convex subset of 1198831198611 1198612
119862 rarr 119883 are two nonlinear mappings and 1205831and
1205832are two positive constants Here the set of solutions of
GSVI (13) is denoted by GSVI(119862 1198611 1198612) Very recently Cai
and Bu [10] constructed an iterative algorithm for solvingGSVI (13) and a common fixed point problem of an infinitefamily of nonexpansive mappings in a uniformly convex and2-uniformly smooth Banach space They proved the strongconvergence of the proposed algorithm by virtue of thefollowing inequality in a 2-uniformly smooth Banach space119883
Lemma 1 (see [11]) Let 119883 be a 2-uniformly smooth BanachspaceThen there exists a best smooth constant 120581 gt 0 such that
where 119869 is the normalized duality mapping from 119883 into 119883lowast
The authors [10] have used the following inequality in areal smooth and uniform convex Banach space 119883
Proposition 2 (see [12]) Let119883 be a real smooth and uniformconvex Banach space and let 119903 gt 0 Then there exists a strictlyincreasing continuous and convex function 119892 [0 2119903] rarr R119892(0) = 0 such that
119892 (1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817) le 1199092
minus 2 ⟨119909 119869 (119910)⟩ +1003817100381710038171003817119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
forall119909 119910 isin 119861119903
(15)
where 119861119903= 119909 isin 119883 119909 le 119903
2 Preliminaries
We list some lemmas that will be used in the sequel Lemma 3can be found in [13] Lemma 4 is an immediate consequenceof the subdifferential inequality of the function (12) sdot
2
Abstract and Applied Analysis 3
Lemma 3 Let 119886119899 be a sequence of nonnegative real numbers
such that
119886119899+1
le (1 minus 119887119899) 119886119899+ 119887119899119888119899 forall119899 ge 0 (16)
where 119887119899 and 119888
119899 are sequences of real numbers satisfying the
following conditions
(i) 119887119899 sub [0 1] and sum
infin
119899=0119887119899= infin
(ii) either lim sup119899rarrinfin
119888119899le 0 or suminfin
119899=0|119887119899119888119899| lt infin
Then lim119899rarrinfin
119886119899= 0
Lemma 4 In a smooth Banach space 119883 there holds theinequality
where 119869 is the normalized duality mapping of 119883
Let 120583 be a mean if 120583 is a continuous linear functional on119897infin satisfying 120583 = 1 = 120583(1) Then we know that 120583 is a meanon N if and only if
inf 119886119899 119899 isin N le 120583 (119886) le sup 119886
119899 119899 isin N (18)
for every 119886 = (1198861 1198862 ) isin 119897
infin According to time and circu-mstances we use 120583
119899(119886119899) instead of 120583(119886) A mean 120583 on N is
Further it is well known that there holds the followingresult
Lemma 5 (see [14]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a uniformly smooth Banach space 119883 Let 119909
119899 be a bounded
sequence of 119883 let 120583 be a mean on N and let 119911 isin 119862 Then
120583119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199111003817100381710038171003817
2
= min119910isin119862
120583119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
2
(22)
if and only if
120583119899⟨119910 minus 119911 119869 (119909
119899minus 119911)⟩ le 0 forall119910 isin 119862 (23)
where 119869 is the normalized duality mapping of 119883
Lemma 6 (see [9 Lemma 26]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real Banach space 119883 which has uniformlyGateaux differentiable norm Let 119879 119862 rarr 119862 be a continuouspseudocontractive mapping with Fix(119879) = 0 and let 119891 119862 rarr
119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian strongly pseudocontractive mappingwith pseudocontractive coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) and Lipschitzianconstant 119871 gt 0 Let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with coefficient 120574 gt 0 Assume that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub
119862 and that 119909119905 converges strongly to 119901 isin Fix(119879) as 119905 rarr 0
where 119909119905is defined by 119909
119905= 119905119891(119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860)119879119909
119905 Suppose that
119909119899 sub 119862 is bounded and that lim
119899rarrinfin119909119899minus 119879119909119899 = 0 Then
lim sup119899rarrinfin
⟨(119891 minus 119860)119901 119869(119909119899minus 119901)⟩ le 0
Lemma 7 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset of a realsmooth Banach space 119883 Let 119865 119862 rarr 119883 be an 120572-stronglyaccretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572 + 120582 ge 1Then 119868 minus119865 is nonexpansive and 119865 is Lipschitz continuous withconstant (1+radic(1 minus 120572)120582) Further for any fixed 120591 isin (0 1) 119868minus
120591119865 is contractive with coefficient 1 minus 120591(1 minus radic(1 minus 120572)120582)
Proof From the 120582-strictly pseudocontractivity and 120572-strongly accretivity of 119865 we have for all 119909 119910 isin 119862
1205821003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus ⟨119865 (119909) minus 119865 (119910) 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
le (1 minus 120572)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(24)
which implies that
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 1199101003817100381710038171003817 le radic
1 minus 120572
120582
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817 (25)
Because 120572 + 120582 ge 1 hArr radic(1 minus 120572)120582 le 1 we know that 119868 minus 119865 isnonexpansive Also note that
1003817100381710038171003817119865 (119909) minus 119865 (119910)1003817100381710038171003817 le
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 1199101003817100381710038171003817 +
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le (1 + radic1 minus 120572
120582)
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
(26)
Now take a fixed 120591 isin (0 1) arbitrarily Observe that for all119909 119910 isin 119862
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120591119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 120591119865) 1199101003817100381710038171003817
=1003817100381710038171003817(1 minus 120591) (119909 minus 119910) + 120591 [(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 119910]
1003817100381710038171003817
le (1 minus 120591)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205911003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
le (1 minus 120591)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817 + 120591(radic1 minus 120572
120582)
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
= (1 minus 120591(1 minus radic1 minus 120572
120582))
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
(27)
Because 120572 + 120582 gt 1 hArr radic(1 minus 120572)120582 lt 1 we know that 119868 minus 120591119865 iscontractive with coefficient 1 minus 120591(1 minus radic(1 minus 120572)120582)
4 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Let 119863 be a subset of 119862 and let Π be a mapping of 119862 into119863 Then Π is said to be sunny if
whenever Π(119909) + 119905(119909 minus Π(119909)) isin 119862 for 119909 isin 119862 and 119905 ge 0 Amapping Π of 119862 into itself is called a retraction if Π2 = Π Ifa mappingΠ of 119862 into itself is a retraction thenΠ(119911) = 119911 forevery 119911 isin 119877(Π) where 119877(Π) is the range of Π A subset 119863 of119862 is called a sunny nonexpansive retract of 119862 if there exists asunny nonexpansive retraction from119862 onto119863The followinglemma concerns the sunny nonexpansive retraction
Lemma 8 (see [15]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a real smooth Banach space 119883 Let 119863 be a nonempty subsetof 119862 LetΠ be a retraction of 119862 onto119863 Then the following areequivalent
(i) Π is sunny and nonexpansive(ii) Π(119909) minus Π(119910)
2
le ⟨119909 minus 119910 119869(Π(119909) minus Π(119910))⟩ for all119909 119910 isin 119862
(iii) ⟨119909 minus Π(119909) 119869(119910 minus Π(119909))⟩ le 0 for all 119909 isin 119862 119910 isin 119863
It is well known that if 119883 = 119867 is a Hilbert space thena sunny nonexpansive retraction Π
119862is coincident with the
metric projection from 119883 onto 119862 that is Π119862
= 119875119862 If 119862
is a nonempty closed convex subset of a strictly convex anduniformly smooth Banach space 119883 and if 119879 119862 rarr 119862 isa nonexpansive mapping with the fixed point set Fix(119879) = 0then the set Fix(119879) is a sunny nonexpansive retract of 119862
Lemma 9 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset of asmooth Banach space 119883 Let Π
119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from119883 onto119862 and let 1198611 1198612 119862 rarr 119883 be nonlinear
mappings For given 119909lowast
119910lowast
isin 119862 (119909lowast
119910lowast
) is a solution ofGSVI (13) if and only if 119909lowast = Π
119862(119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
) where 119910lowast
=
Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)
Proof We can rewrite GSVI (13) as
⟨119909lowast
minus (119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
) 119869 (119909 minus 119909lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
⟨119910lowast
minus (119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
) 119869 (119909 minus 119910lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
(29)
which is obviously equivalent to
119909lowast
= Π119862(119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
)
119910lowast
= Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)
(30)
because of Lemma 8 This completes the proof
In terms of Lemma 9 define the mapping 119866 119862 rarr 119862 asfollows
119866 (119909) = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) 119909 forall119909 isin 119862 (31)
Then we observe that
119909lowast
= Π119862[Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
) minus 12058311198611Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)]
(32)
which implies that 119909lowast is a fixed point of the mapping 119866
Throughout this paper the set of fixed points of the mapping119866 is denoted by Ω
Lemma 10 (see [16]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convexsubset of a strictly convex Banach space 119883 Let 119879
119899infin
119899=0
be a sequence of nonexpansive mappings on 119862 Suppose⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119879119899) is nonempty Let 120582
119899 be a sequence of positive
numbers with suminfin
119899=0120582119899
= 1 Then a mapping 119879 on 119862 definedby 119879119909 = sum
infin
119899=0120582119899119879119899119909 for 119909 isin 119862 is well-defined nonexpansive
and Fix(119879) = ⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119879119899) holds
Lemma 11 (see [17]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a Banach space 119883 Let 119878
infinThen for each119910 isin 119862 119878119899119910 converges strongly to some point
of 119862 Moreover let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself defined by119878119910 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119910 for all 119910 isin 119862 Then lim
119899rarrinfinsup119878119909 minus
119878119899119909 119909 isin 119862 = 0
3 GSVI with Hierarchical FixedPoint Problem Constraint fora Nonexpansive Mapping
In this section we introduce our hybrid implicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a nonexpansivemapping and show thestrong convergence theorem First we list several useful andhelpful lemmas
Lemma 12 (see [10 Lemma 28]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883Let the mapping 119861
119894 119862 rarr 119883 be 120572
119894-inverse-strongly accretive
Then one has
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120583119894119861119894) 119909 minus (119868 minus 120583
119894119861119894) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 2120583119894(1205831198941205812
minus 120572119894)1003817100381710038171003817119861119894119909 minus 119861
1198941199101003817100381710038171003817
2
forall119909 119910 isin 119862
(33)
for 119894 = 1 2 where 120583119894gt 0 In particular if 0 lt 120583
119894le 1205721198941205812
(where 120581 is the best constant of119883 as in Lemma 1) then 119868minus120583119894119861119894
is nonexpansive for 119894 = 1 2
Lemma 13 (see [10 Lemma 29]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883LetΠ119862be a sunny nonexpansive retraction from119883 onto 119862 Let
the mapping 119861119894 119862 rarr 119883 be 120572
119894-inverse-strongly accretive for
119894 = 1 2 Let 119866 119862 rarr 119862 be the mapping defined by
119866119909 = Π119862[Π119862(119909 minus 120583
21198612119909) minus 120583
11198611Π119862(119909 minus 120583
21198612119909)]
forall119909 isin 119862
(34)
If 0 lt 120583119894le 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 then 119866 119862 rarr 119862 is none-
xpansive
Lemma 14 (see [18]) Let119883 be a Banach space 119862 a nonemptyclosed and convex subset of 119883 and 119879 119862 rarr 119862 a continuous
Abstract and Applied Analysis 5
and strong pseudocontractionThen119879 has a unique fixed pointin 119862
Lemma 15 (see [19]) Assume that 119860 is a strongly positive lin-ear bounded operator on a smooth Banach space119883with coeffi-cient 120574 gt 0 and 0 lt 120588 le 119860
minus1 Then 119868 minus 1205881198602
le 1 minus 120588120574
We now state and prove our first result
Theorem 16 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894 119862 rarr 119883 be
120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119879 119862 rarr 119862
be a nonexpansive mapping such that Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ω = 0
where Ω is the fixed point set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus
12058311198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with 0 lt 120583
119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let
119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian strongly pseudocontractivemapping with pseudocontractive coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) andLipschitzian constant 119871 gt 0 let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-stronglyaccretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572 + 120582 gt 1 andlet119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear bounded operatorwith 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Let 119909
119905 be defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (35)
where 120579119905 119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) with lim
119905rarr0120579119905119905 = 0 Then as
119905 rarr 0 119909119905 converges strongly to a point 119901 isin Λ which is the
unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (36)
Proof First let us show that the net 119909119905 is defined well As a
matter of fact define the mapping 119878119905 119862 rarr 119862 as follows
119878119905119909 = 119905119891 (119909) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909) minus 120579
We may assume without loss of generality that 119905 le 119860minus1
Utilizing Lemmas 7 13 and 15 we have
⟨119878119905119909 minus 119878119905119910 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909) minus 119891 (119910) 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [(119868 minus 120579119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)]
119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
1 minus 120572
120582))
times1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909) minus 119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119879119909 minus 119879119910
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(38)
Hence it is known that 119878119905
119862 rarr 119862 is a continuous andstrongly pseudocontractive mapping with pseudocontractivecoefficient 1minus119905(120574minus120573) isin (0 1)Thus by Lemma 14 we deducethat there exists a unique fixed point in 119862 denoted by 119909
119905
which uniquely solves the fixed point equation
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (39)
Let us show the uniqueness of the solution of VIP (36)Suppose that both 119901
1isin Λ and 119901
2isin Λ are solutions to VIP
(36) Then we have
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199012 119869 (1199012minus 1199011)⟩ le 0
(40)
Adding up the above two inequalities we obtain
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0 (41)
Note that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩
= ⟨119860 (1199011minus 1199012) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
minus ⟨119891 (1199011) minus 119891 (119901
2) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
ge 12057410038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 12057310038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (120574 minus 120573)10038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
ge 0
(42)
Consequently we have1199011= 1199012 and the uniqueness is proved
Next let us show that for some 119886 isin (0 1) 119909119905 119905 isin (0 119886]
is bounded Indeed since 120579119905
119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) withlim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 there exists some 119886 isin (0 1) such that
0 le 120579119905119905 lt 1 for all 119905 isin (0 119886] Take a fixed 119901 isin Fix(Λ)
arbitrarily Utilizing Lemma 7 we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
2
= ⟨119905 (119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901]
minus119905 (119860119901 minus 119891 (119901)) 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901) 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901] 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
6 Abstract and Applied Analysis
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times [1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909
119905) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901)
1003817100381710038171003817
+1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817]1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
le (1 minus 120579)1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119879119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205791003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119866119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817
(70)
So from (64) and (66) we obtain
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119882119909119905
1003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (71)
Since119883 is a uniformly smooth Banach space119870 is a nonemptybounded closed convex subset of119862 for more details see [14]We claim that 119870 is also invariant under the nonexpansivemapping 119882 Indeed noticing (71) we have for 119908 isin 119870
Since every nonempty closed bounded convex subset of auniformly smooth Banach space 119883 has the fixed point prop-erty for nonexpansive mappings and 119882 is a nonexpansivemapping of 119870 119882 has a fixed point in 119870 say 119901 UtilizingLemma 5 we get
120583119896⟨119909 minus 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (73)
Putting 119909 = (119891 minus 119860)119901 + 119901 isin 119862 we have
120583119896⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (74)
Abstract and Applied Analysis 9
Since 119909119905119896
minus 119901 = 119905119896(119891(119909119905119896
) minus 119891(119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119896119860)[119866(119879119909
119905119896
) minus 120579119905119896
119865119866(119879119909119905119896
) minus 119901] minus 119905119896(119860 minus 119891)119901 we get
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909
119905minus 119906)⟩
(78)
which hence implies that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩ le
120579119905
119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 forall119906 isin Λ
(79)
Since 119909119905119896
rarr 119901 as 119905119896
rarr 0 and lim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 we obtain
from the last inequality that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (80)
Utilizing the well-known Minty-type Lemma we get
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (81)
So 119901 is a solution in Λ to the VIP (36)In order to prove that the net 119909
119905 119905 isin (0 119886] converges
strongly to 119901 as 119905 rarr 0 suppose that there exists anothersubsequence 119909
119904119896
sub 119909119905 such that 119909
119904119896
rarr 119902 as 119904119896
rarr 0then we also have 119902 isin Fix(119882) = Fix(119879) cap Ω = Λ due to(71) Repeating the same argument as above we know that119902 is another solution in Λ to the VIP (36) In terms of theuniqueness of solutions inΛ to the VIP (36) we immediatelyget 119901 = 119902 This completes the proof
10 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
where 119869 is the normalized duality mapping of 119883
Let 120583 be a mean if 120583 is a continuous linear functional on119897infin satisfying 120583 = 1 = 120583(1) Then we know that 120583 is a meanon N if and only if
inf 119886119899 119899 isin N le 120583 (119886) le sup 119886
119899 119899 isin N (18)
for every 119886 = (1198861 1198862 ) isin 119897
infin According to time and circu-mstances we use 120583
119899(119886119899) instead of 120583(119886) A mean 120583 on N is
Further it is well known that there holds the followingresult
Lemma 5 (see [14]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a uniformly smooth Banach space 119883 Let 119909
119899 be a bounded
sequence of 119883 let 120583 be a mean on N and let 119911 isin 119862 Then
120583119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199111003817100381710038171003817
2
= min119910isin119862
120583119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
2
(22)
if and only if
120583119899⟨119910 minus 119911 119869 (119909
119899minus 119911)⟩ le 0 forall119910 isin 119862 (23)
where 119869 is the normalized duality mapping of 119883
Lemma 6 (see [9 Lemma 26]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real Banach space 119883 which has uniformlyGateaux differentiable norm Let 119879 119862 rarr 119862 be a continuouspseudocontractive mapping with Fix(119879) = 0 and let 119891 119862 rarr
119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian strongly pseudocontractive mappingwith pseudocontractive coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) and Lipschitzianconstant 119871 gt 0 Let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with coefficient 120574 gt 0 Assume that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub
119862 and that 119909119905 converges strongly to 119901 isin Fix(119879) as 119905 rarr 0
where 119909119905is defined by 119909
119905= 119905119891(119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860)119879119909
119905 Suppose that
119909119899 sub 119862 is bounded and that lim
119899rarrinfin119909119899minus 119879119909119899 = 0 Then
lim sup119899rarrinfin
⟨(119891 minus 119860)119901 119869(119909119899minus 119901)⟩ le 0
Lemma 7 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset of a realsmooth Banach space 119883 Let 119865 119862 rarr 119883 be an 120572-stronglyaccretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572 + 120582 ge 1Then 119868 minus119865 is nonexpansive and 119865 is Lipschitz continuous withconstant (1+radic(1 minus 120572)120582) Further for any fixed 120591 isin (0 1) 119868minus
120591119865 is contractive with coefficient 1 minus 120591(1 minus radic(1 minus 120572)120582)
Proof From the 120582-strictly pseudocontractivity and 120572-strongly accretivity of 119865 we have for all 119909 119910 isin 119862
1205821003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus ⟨119865 (119909) minus 119865 (119910) 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
le (1 minus 120572)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(24)
which implies that
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 1199101003817100381710038171003817 le radic
1 minus 120572
120582
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817 (25)
Because 120572 + 120582 ge 1 hArr radic(1 minus 120572)120582 le 1 we know that 119868 minus 119865 isnonexpansive Also note that
1003817100381710038171003817119865 (119909) minus 119865 (119910)1003817100381710038171003817 le
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 1199101003817100381710038171003817 +
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le (1 + radic1 minus 120572
120582)
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
(26)
Now take a fixed 120591 isin (0 1) arbitrarily Observe that for all119909 119910 isin 119862
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120591119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 120591119865) 1199101003817100381710038171003817
=1003817100381710038171003817(1 minus 120591) (119909 minus 119910) + 120591 [(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 119910]
1003817100381710038171003817
le (1 minus 120591)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205911003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 119865) 119909 minus (119868 minus 119865) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
le (1 minus 120591)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817 + 120591(radic1 minus 120572
120582)
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
= (1 minus 120591(1 minus radic1 minus 120572
120582))
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
(27)
Because 120572 + 120582 gt 1 hArr radic(1 minus 120572)120582 lt 1 we know that 119868 minus 120591119865 iscontractive with coefficient 1 minus 120591(1 minus radic(1 minus 120572)120582)
4 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Let 119863 be a subset of 119862 and let Π be a mapping of 119862 into119863 Then Π is said to be sunny if
whenever Π(119909) + 119905(119909 minus Π(119909)) isin 119862 for 119909 isin 119862 and 119905 ge 0 Amapping Π of 119862 into itself is called a retraction if Π2 = Π Ifa mappingΠ of 119862 into itself is a retraction thenΠ(119911) = 119911 forevery 119911 isin 119877(Π) where 119877(Π) is the range of Π A subset 119863 of119862 is called a sunny nonexpansive retract of 119862 if there exists asunny nonexpansive retraction from119862 onto119863The followinglemma concerns the sunny nonexpansive retraction
Lemma 8 (see [15]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a real smooth Banach space 119883 Let 119863 be a nonempty subsetof 119862 LetΠ be a retraction of 119862 onto119863 Then the following areequivalent
(i) Π is sunny and nonexpansive(ii) Π(119909) minus Π(119910)
2
le ⟨119909 minus 119910 119869(Π(119909) minus Π(119910))⟩ for all119909 119910 isin 119862
(iii) ⟨119909 minus Π(119909) 119869(119910 minus Π(119909))⟩ le 0 for all 119909 isin 119862 119910 isin 119863
It is well known that if 119883 = 119867 is a Hilbert space thena sunny nonexpansive retraction Π
119862is coincident with the
metric projection from 119883 onto 119862 that is Π119862
= 119875119862 If 119862
is a nonempty closed convex subset of a strictly convex anduniformly smooth Banach space 119883 and if 119879 119862 rarr 119862 isa nonexpansive mapping with the fixed point set Fix(119879) = 0then the set Fix(119879) is a sunny nonexpansive retract of 119862
Lemma 9 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset of asmooth Banach space 119883 Let Π
119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from119883 onto119862 and let 1198611 1198612 119862 rarr 119883 be nonlinear
mappings For given 119909lowast
119910lowast
isin 119862 (119909lowast
119910lowast
) is a solution ofGSVI (13) if and only if 119909lowast = Π
119862(119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
) where 119910lowast
=
Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)
Proof We can rewrite GSVI (13) as
⟨119909lowast
minus (119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
) 119869 (119909 minus 119909lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
⟨119910lowast
minus (119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
) 119869 (119909 minus 119910lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
(29)
which is obviously equivalent to
119909lowast
= Π119862(119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
)
119910lowast
= Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)
(30)
because of Lemma 8 This completes the proof
In terms of Lemma 9 define the mapping 119866 119862 rarr 119862 asfollows
119866 (119909) = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) 119909 forall119909 isin 119862 (31)
Then we observe that
119909lowast
= Π119862[Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
) minus 12058311198611Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)]
(32)
which implies that 119909lowast is a fixed point of the mapping 119866
Throughout this paper the set of fixed points of the mapping119866 is denoted by Ω
Lemma 10 (see [16]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convexsubset of a strictly convex Banach space 119883 Let 119879
119899infin
119899=0
be a sequence of nonexpansive mappings on 119862 Suppose⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119879119899) is nonempty Let 120582
119899 be a sequence of positive
numbers with suminfin
119899=0120582119899
= 1 Then a mapping 119879 on 119862 definedby 119879119909 = sum
infin
119899=0120582119899119879119899119909 for 119909 isin 119862 is well-defined nonexpansive
and Fix(119879) = ⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119879119899) holds
Lemma 11 (see [17]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a Banach space 119883 Let 119878
infinThen for each119910 isin 119862 119878119899119910 converges strongly to some point
of 119862 Moreover let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself defined by119878119910 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119910 for all 119910 isin 119862 Then lim
119899rarrinfinsup119878119909 minus
119878119899119909 119909 isin 119862 = 0
3 GSVI with Hierarchical FixedPoint Problem Constraint fora Nonexpansive Mapping
In this section we introduce our hybrid implicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a nonexpansivemapping and show thestrong convergence theorem First we list several useful andhelpful lemmas
Lemma 12 (see [10 Lemma 28]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883Let the mapping 119861
119894 119862 rarr 119883 be 120572
119894-inverse-strongly accretive
Then one has
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120583119894119861119894) 119909 minus (119868 minus 120583
119894119861119894) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 2120583119894(1205831198941205812
minus 120572119894)1003817100381710038171003817119861119894119909 minus 119861
1198941199101003817100381710038171003817
2
forall119909 119910 isin 119862
(33)
for 119894 = 1 2 where 120583119894gt 0 In particular if 0 lt 120583
119894le 1205721198941205812
(where 120581 is the best constant of119883 as in Lemma 1) then 119868minus120583119894119861119894
is nonexpansive for 119894 = 1 2
Lemma 13 (see [10 Lemma 29]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883LetΠ119862be a sunny nonexpansive retraction from119883 onto 119862 Let
the mapping 119861119894 119862 rarr 119883 be 120572
119894-inverse-strongly accretive for
119894 = 1 2 Let 119866 119862 rarr 119862 be the mapping defined by
119866119909 = Π119862[Π119862(119909 minus 120583
21198612119909) minus 120583
11198611Π119862(119909 minus 120583
21198612119909)]
forall119909 isin 119862
(34)
If 0 lt 120583119894le 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 then 119866 119862 rarr 119862 is none-
xpansive
Lemma 14 (see [18]) Let119883 be a Banach space 119862 a nonemptyclosed and convex subset of 119883 and 119879 119862 rarr 119862 a continuous
Abstract and Applied Analysis 5
and strong pseudocontractionThen119879 has a unique fixed pointin 119862
Lemma 15 (see [19]) Assume that 119860 is a strongly positive lin-ear bounded operator on a smooth Banach space119883with coeffi-cient 120574 gt 0 and 0 lt 120588 le 119860
minus1 Then 119868 minus 1205881198602
le 1 minus 120588120574
We now state and prove our first result
Theorem 16 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894 119862 rarr 119883 be
120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119879 119862 rarr 119862
be a nonexpansive mapping such that Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ω = 0
where Ω is the fixed point set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus
12058311198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with 0 lt 120583
119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let
119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian strongly pseudocontractivemapping with pseudocontractive coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) andLipschitzian constant 119871 gt 0 let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-stronglyaccretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572 + 120582 gt 1 andlet119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear bounded operatorwith 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Let 119909
119905 be defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (35)
where 120579119905 119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) with lim
119905rarr0120579119905119905 = 0 Then as
119905 rarr 0 119909119905 converges strongly to a point 119901 isin Λ which is the
unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (36)
Proof First let us show that the net 119909119905 is defined well As a
matter of fact define the mapping 119878119905 119862 rarr 119862 as follows
119878119905119909 = 119905119891 (119909) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909) minus 120579
We may assume without loss of generality that 119905 le 119860minus1
Utilizing Lemmas 7 13 and 15 we have
⟨119878119905119909 minus 119878119905119910 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909) minus 119891 (119910) 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [(119868 minus 120579119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)]
119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
1 minus 120572
120582))
times1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909) minus 119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119879119909 minus 119879119910
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(38)
Hence it is known that 119878119905
119862 rarr 119862 is a continuous andstrongly pseudocontractive mapping with pseudocontractivecoefficient 1minus119905(120574minus120573) isin (0 1)Thus by Lemma 14 we deducethat there exists a unique fixed point in 119862 denoted by 119909
119905
which uniquely solves the fixed point equation
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (39)
Let us show the uniqueness of the solution of VIP (36)Suppose that both 119901
1isin Λ and 119901
2isin Λ are solutions to VIP
(36) Then we have
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199012 119869 (1199012minus 1199011)⟩ le 0
(40)
Adding up the above two inequalities we obtain
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0 (41)
Note that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩
= ⟨119860 (1199011minus 1199012) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
minus ⟨119891 (1199011) minus 119891 (119901
2) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
ge 12057410038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 12057310038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (120574 minus 120573)10038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
ge 0
(42)
Consequently we have1199011= 1199012 and the uniqueness is proved
Next let us show that for some 119886 isin (0 1) 119909119905 119905 isin (0 119886]
is bounded Indeed since 120579119905
119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) withlim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 there exists some 119886 isin (0 1) such that
0 le 120579119905119905 lt 1 for all 119905 isin (0 119886] Take a fixed 119901 isin Fix(Λ)
arbitrarily Utilizing Lemma 7 we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
2
= ⟨119905 (119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901]
minus119905 (119860119901 minus 119891 (119901)) 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901) 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901] 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
6 Abstract and Applied Analysis
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times [1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909
119905) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901)
1003817100381710038171003817
+1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817]1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
le (1 minus 120579)1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119879119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205791003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119866119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817
(70)
So from (64) and (66) we obtain
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119882119909119905
1003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (71)
Since119883 is a uniformly smooth Banach space119870 is a nonemptybounded closed convex subset of119862 for more details see [14]We claim that 119870 is also invariant under the nonexpansivemapping 119882 Indeed noticing (71) we have for 119908 isin 119870
Since every nonempty closed bounded convex subset of auniformly smooth Banach space 119883 has the fixed point prop-erty for nonexpansive mappings and 119882 is a nonexpansivemapping of 119870 119882 has a fixed point in 119870 say 119901 UtilizingLemma 5 we get
120583119896⟨119909 minus 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (73)
Putting 119909 = (119891 minus 119860)119901 + 119901 isin 119862 we have
120583119896⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (74)
Abstract and Applied Analysis 9
Since 119909119905119896
minus 119901 = 119905119896(119891(119909119905119896
) minus 119891(119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119896119860)[119866(119879119909
119905119896
) minus 120579119905119896
119865119866(119879119909119905119896
) minus 119901] minus 119905119896(119860 minus 119891)119901 we get
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909
119905minus 119906)⟩
(78)
which hence implies that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩ le
120579119905
119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 forall119906 isin Λ
(79)
Since 119909119905119896
rarr 119901 as 119905119896
rarr 0 and lim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 we obtain
from the last inequality that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (80)
Utilizing the well-known Minty-type Lemma we get
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (81)
So 119901 is a solution in Λ to the VIP (36)In order to prove that the net 119909
119905 119905 isin (0 119886] converges
strongly to 119901 as 119905 rarr 0 suppose that there exists anothersubsequence 119909
119904119896
sub 119909119905 such that 119909
119904119896
rarr 119902 as 119904119896
rarr 0then we also have 119902 isin Fix(119882) = Fix(119879) cap Ω = Λ due to(71) Repeating the same argument as above we know that119902 is another solution in Λ to the VIP (36) In terms of theuniqueness of solutions inΛ to the VIP (36) we immediatelyget 119901 = 119902 This completes the proof
10 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
whenever Π(119909) + 119905(119909 minus Π(119909)) isin 119862 for 119909 isin 119862 and 119905 ge 0 Amapping Π of 119862 into itself is called a retraction if Π2 = Π Ifa mappingΠ of 119862 into itself is a retraction thenΠ(119911) = 119911 forevery 119911 isin 119877(Π) where 119877(Π) is the range of Π A subset 119863 of119862 is called a sunny nonexpansive retract of 119862 if there exists asunny nonexpansive retraction from119862 onto119863The followinglemma concerns the sunny nonexpansive retraction
Lemma 8 (see [15]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a real smooth Banach space 119883 Let 119863 be a nonempty subsetof 119862 LetΠ be a retraction of 119862 onto119863 Then the following areequivalent
(i) Π is sunny and nonexpansive(ii) Π(119909) minus Π(119910)
2
le ⟨119909 minus 119910 119869(Π(119909) minus Π(119910))⟩ for all119909 119910 isin 119862
(iii) ⟨119909 minus Π(119909) 119869(119910 minus Π(119909))⟩ le 0 for all 119909 isin 119862 119910 isin 119863
It is well known that if 119883 = 119867 is a Hilbert space thena sunny nonexpansive retraction Π
119862is coincident with the
metric projection from 119883 onto 119862 that is Π119862
= 119875119862 If 119862
is a nonempty closed convex subset of a strictly convex anduniformly smooth Banach space 119883 and if 119879 119862 rarr 119862 isa nonexpansive mapping with the fixed point set Fix(119879) = 0then the set Fix(119879) is a sunny nonexpansive retract of 119862
Lemma 9 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset of asmooth Banach space 119883 Let Π
119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from119883 onto119862 and let 1198611 1198612 119862 rarr 119883 be nonlinear
mappings For given 119909lowast
119910lowast
isin 119862 (119909lowast
119910lowast
) is a solution ofGSVI (13) if and only if 119909lowast = Π
119862(119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
) where 119910lowast
=
Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)
Proof We can rewrite GSVI (13) as
⟨119909lowast
minus (119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
) 119869 (119909 minus 119909lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
⟨119910lowast
minus (119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
) 119869 (119909 minus 119910lowast
)⟩ ge 0 forall119909 isin 119862
(29)
which is obviously equivalent to
119909lowast
= Π119862(119910lowast
minus 12058311198611119910lowast
)
119910lowast
= Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)
(30)
because of Lemma 8 This completes the proof
In terms of Lemma 9 define the mapping 119866 119862 rarr 119862 asfollows
119866 (119909) = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) 119909 forall119909 isin 119862 (31)
Then we observe that
119909lowast
= Π119862[Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
) minus 12058311198611Π119862(119909lowast
minus 12058321198612119909lowast
)]
(32)
which implies that 119909lowast is a fixed point of the mapping 119866
Throughout this paper the set of fixed points of the mapping119866 is denoted by Ω
Lemma 10 (see [16]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convexsubset of a strictly convex Banach space 119883 Let 119879
119899infin
119899=0
be a sequence of nonexpansive mappings on 119862 Suppose⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119879119899) is nonempty Let 120582
119899 be a sequence of positive
numbers with suminfin
119899=0120582119899
= 1 Then a mapping 119879 on 119862 definedby 119879119909 = sum
infin
119899=0120582119899119879119899119909 for 119909 isin 119862 is well-defined nonexpansive
and Fix(119879) = ⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119879119899) holds
Lemma 11 (see [17]) Let119862 be a nonempty closed convex subsetof a Banach space 119883 Let 119878
infinThen for each119910 isin 119862 119878119899119910 converges strongly to some point
of 119862 Moreover let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself defined by119878119910 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119910 for all 119910 isin 119862 Then lim
119899rarrinfinsup119878119909 minus
119878119899119909 119909 isin 119862 = 0
3 GSVI with Hierarchical FixedPoint Problem Constraint fora Nonexpansive Mapping
In this section we introduce our hybrid implicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a nonexpansivemapping and show thestrong convergence theorem First we list several useful andhelpful lemmas
Lemma 12 (see [10 Lemma 28]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883Let the mapping 119861
119894 119862 rarr 119883 be 120572
119894-inverse-strongly accretive
Then one has
1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120583119894119861119894) 119909 minus (119868 minus 120583
119894119861119894) 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
le1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 2120583119894(1205831198941205812
minus 120572119894)1003817100381710038171003817119861119894119909 minus 119861
1198941199101003817100381710038171003817
2
forall119909 119910 isin 119862
(33)
for 119894 = 1 2 where 120583119894gt 0 In particular if 0 lt 120583
119894le 1205721198941205812
(where 120581 is the best constant of119883 as in Lemma 1) then 119868minus120583119894119861119894
is nonexpansive for 119894 = 1 2
Lemma 13 (see [10 Lemma 29]) Let 119862 be a nonempty closedconvex subset of a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883LetΠ119862be a sunny nonexpansive retraction from119883 onto 119862 Let
the mapping 119861119894 119862 rarr 119883 be 120572
119894-inverse-strongly accretive for
119894 = 1 2 Let 119866 119862 rarr 119862 be the mapping defined by
119866119909 = Π119862[Π119862(119909 minus 120583
21198612119909) minus 120583
11198611Π119862(119909 minus 120583
21198612119909)]
forall119909 isin 119862
(34)
If 0 lt 120583119894le 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 then 119866 119862 rarr 119862 is none-
xpansive
Lemma 14 (see [18]) Let119883 be a Banach space 119862 a nonemptyclosed and convex subset of 119883 and 119879 119862 rarr 119862 a continuous
Abstract and Applied Analysis 5
and strong pseudocontractionThen119879 has a unique fixed pointin 119862
Lemma 15 (see [19]) Assume that 119860 is a strongly positive lin-ear bounded operator on a smooth Banach space119883with coeffi-cient 120574 gt 0 and 0 lt 120588 le 119860
minus1 Then 119868 minus 1205881198602
le 1 minus 120588120574
We now state and prove our first result
Theorem 16 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894 119862 rarr 119883 be
120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119879 119862 rarr 119862
be a nonexpansive mapping such that Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ω = 0
where Ω is the fixed point set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus
12058311198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with 0 lt 120583
119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let
119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian strongly pseudocontractivemapping with pseudocontractive coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) andLipschitzian constant 119871 gt 0 let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-stronglyaccretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572 + 120582 gt 1 andlet119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear bounded operatorwith 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Let 119909
119905 be defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (35)
where 120579119905 119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) with lim
119905rarr0120579119905119905 = 0 Then as
119905 rarr 0 119909119905 converges strongly to a point 119901 isin Λ which is the
unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (36)
Proof First let us show that the net 119909119905 is defined well As a
matter of fact define the mapping 119878119905 119862 rarr 119862 as follows
119878119905119909 = 119905119891 (119909) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909) minus 120579
We may assume without loss of generality that 119905 le 119860minus1
Utilizing Lemmas 7 13 and 15 we have
⟨119878119905119909 minus 119878119905119910 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909) minus 119891 (119910) 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [(119868 minus 120579119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)]
119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
1 minus 120572
120582))
times1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909) minus 119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119879119909 minus 119879119910
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(38)
Hence it is known that 119878119905
119862 rarr 119862 is a continuous andstrongly pseudocontractive mapping with pseudocontractivecoefficient 1minus119905(120574minus120573) isin (0 1)Thus by Lemma 14 we deducethat there exists a unique fixed point in 119862 denoted by 119909
119905
which uniquely solves the fixed point equation
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (39)
Let us show the uniqueness of the solution of VIP (36)Suppose that both 119901
1isin Λ and 119901
2isin Λ are solutions to VIP
(36) Then we have
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199012 119869 (1199012minus 1199011)⟩ le 0
(40)
Adding up the above two inequalities we obtain
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0 (41)
Note that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩
= ⟨119860 (1199011minus 1199012) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
minus ⟨119891 (1199011) minus 119891 (119901
2) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
ge 12057410038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 12057310038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (120574 minus 120573)10038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
ge 0
(42)
Consequently we have1199011= 1199012 and the uniqueness is proved
Next let us show that for some 119886 isin (0 1) 119909119905 119905 isin (0 119886]
is bounded Indeed since 120579119905
119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) withlim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 there exists some 119886 isin (0 1) such that
0 le 120579119905119905 lt 1 for all 119905 isin (0 119886] Take a fixed 119901 isin Fix(Λ)
arbitrarily Utilizing Lemma 7 we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
2
= ⟨119905 (119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901]
minus119905 (119860119901 minus 119891 (119901)) 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901) 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901] 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
6 Abstract and Applied Analysis
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times [1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909
119905) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901)
1003817100381710038171003817
+1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817]1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
le (1 minus 120579)1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119879119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205791003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119866119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817
(70)
So from (64) and (66) we obtain
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119882119909119905
1003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (71)
Since119883 is a uniformly smooth Banach space119870 is a nonemptybounded closed convex subset of119862 for more details see [14]We claim that 119870 is also invariant under the nonexpansivemapping 119882 Indeed noticing (71) we have for 119908 isin 119870
Since every nonempty closed bounded convex subset of auniformly smooth Banach space 119883 has the fixed point prop-erty for nonexpansive mappings and 119882 is a nonexpansivemapping of 119870 119882 has a fixed point in 119870 say 119901 UtilizingLemma 5 we get
120583119896⟨119909 minus 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (73)
Putting 119909 = (119891 minus 119860)119901 + 119901 isin 119862 we have
120583119896⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (74)
Abstract and Applied Analysis 9
Since 119909119905119896
minus 119901 = 119905119896(119891(119909119905119896
) minus 119891(119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119896119860)[119866(119879119909
119905119896
) minus 120579119905119896
119865119866(119879119909119905119896
) minus 119901] minus 119905119896(119860 minus 119891)119901 we get
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909
119905minus 119906)⟩
(78)
which hence implies that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩ le
120579119905
119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 forall119906 isin Λ
(79)
Since 119909119905119896
rarr 119901 as 119905119896
rarr 0 and lim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 we obtain
from the last inequality that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (80)
Utilizing the well-known Minty-type Lemma we get
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (81)
So 119901 is a solution in Λ to the VIP (36)In order to prove that the net 119909
119905 119905 isin (0 119886] converges
strongly to 119901 as 119905 rarr 0 suppose that there exists anothersubsequence 119909
119904119896
sub 119909119905 such that 119909
119904119896
rarr 119902 as 119904119896
rarr 0then we also have 119902 isin Fix(119882) = Fix(119879) cap Ω = Λ due to(71) Repeating the same argument as above we know that119902 is another solution in Λ to the VIP (36) In terms of theuniqueness of solutions inΛ to the VIP (36) we immediatelyget 119901 = 119902 This completes the proof
10 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
and strong pseudocontractionThen119879 has a unique fixed pointin 119862
Lemma 15 (see [19]) Assume that 119860 is a strongly positive lin-ear bounded operator on a smooth Banach space119883with coeffi-cient 120574 gt 0 and 0 lt 120588 le 119860
minus1 Then 119868 minus 1205881198602
le 1 minus 120588120574
We now state and prove our first result
Theorem 16 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894 119862 rarr 119883 be
120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119879 119862 rarr 119862
be a nonexpansive mapping such that Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ω = 0
where Ω is the fixed point set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus
12058311198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with 0 lt 120583
119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let
119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed Lipschitzian strongly pseudocontractivemapping with pseudocontractive coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) andLipschitzian constant 119871 gt 0 let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-stronglyaccretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572 + 120582 gt 1 andlet119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear bounded operatorwith 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Let 119909
119905 be defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (35)
where 120579119905 119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) with lim
119905rarr0120579119905119905 = 0 Then as
119905 rarr 0 119909119905 converges strongly to a point 119901 isin Λ which is the
unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (36)
Proof First let us show that the net 119909119905 is defined well As a
matter of fact define the mapping 119878119905 119862 rarr 119862 as follows
119878119905119909 = 119905119891 (119909) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909) minus 120579
We may assume without loss of generality that 119905 le 119860minus1
Utilizing Lemmas 7 13 and 15 we have
⟨119878119905119909 minus 119878119905119910 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909) minus 119891 (119910) 119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [(119868 minus 120579119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)]
119869 (119909 minus 119910)⟩
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
1 minus 120572
120582))
times1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909) minus 119866 (119879119910)
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119879119909 minus 119879119910
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 1199101003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909 minus 119910
1003817100381710038171003817
2
(38)
Hence it is known that 119878119905
119862 rarr 119862 is a continuous andstrongly pseudocontractive mapping with pseudocontractivecoefficient 1minus119905(120574minus120573) isin (0 1)Thus by Lemma 14 we deducethat there exists a unique fixed point in 119862 denoted by 119909
119905
which uniquely solves the fixed point equation
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] (39)
Let us show the uniqueness of the solution of VIP (36)Suppose that both 119901
1isin Λ and 119901
2isin Λ are solutions to VIP
(36) Then we have
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199012 119869 (1199012minus 1199011)⟩ le 0
(40)
Adding up the above two inequalities we obtain
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩ le 0 (41)
Note that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 1199011minus (119860 minus 119891) 119901
2 119869 (1199011minus 1199012)⟩
= ⟨119860 (1199011minus 1199012) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
minus ⟨119891 (1199011) minus 119891 (119901
2) 119869 (119901
1minus 1199012)⟩
ge 12057410038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 12057310038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
= (120574 minus 120573)10038171003817100381710038171199011 minus 119901
2
1003817100381710038171003817
2
ge 0
(42)
Consequently we have1199011= 1199012 and the uniqueness is proved
Next let us show that for some 119886 isin (0 1) 119909119905 119905 isin (0 119886]
is bounded Indeed since 120579119905
119905 isin (0 1) sub [0 1) withlim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 there exists some 119886 isin (0 1) such that
0 le 120579119905119905 lt 1 for all 119905 isin (0 119886] Take a fixed 119901 isin Fix(Λ)
arbitrarily Utilizing Lemma 7 we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
2
= ⟨119905 (119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901]
minus119905 (119860119901 minus 119891 (119901)) 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
= 119905 ⟨119891 (119909119905) minus 119891 (119901) 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
+ ⟨(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901] 119869 (119909
119905minus 119901)⟩
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119909119905minus 119901)⟩
6 Abstract and Applied Analysis
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574)
times [1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119909
119905) minus (119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901)
1003817100381710038171003817
+1003817100381710038171003817(119868 minus 120579
119905119865)119866 (119879119901) minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817]1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051003817100381710038171003817(119860 minus 119891) 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817
le 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119901
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ (1 minus 119905120574) (1 minus 120579119905(1 minus radic
le (1 minus 120579)1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119879119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205791003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119866119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817
(70)
So from (64) and (66) we obtain
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119882119909119905
1003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (71)
Since119883 is a uniformly smooth Banach space119870 is a nonemptybounded closed convex subset of119862 for more details see [14]We claim that 119870 is also invariant under the nonexpansivemapping 119882 Indeed noticing (71) we have for 119908 isin 119870
Since every nonempty closed bounded convex subset of auniformly smooth Banach space 119883 has the fixed point prop-erty for nonexpansive mappings and 119882 is a nonexpansivemapping of 119870 119882 has a fixed point in 119870 say 119901 UtilizingLemma 5 we get
120583119896⟨119909 minus 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (73)
Putting 119909 = (119891 minus 119860)119901 + 119901 isin 119862 we have
120583119896⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (74)
Abstract and Applied Analysis 9
Since 119909119905119896
minus 119901 = 119905119896(119891(119909119905119896
) minus 119891(119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119896119860)[119866(119879119909
119905119896
) minus 120579119905119896
119865119866(119879119909119905119896
) minus 119901] minus 119905119896(119860 minus 119891)119901 we get
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909
119905minus 119906)⟩
(78)
which hence implies that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩ le
120579119905
119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 forall119906 isin Λ
(79)
Since 119909119905119896
rarr 119901 as 119905119896
rarr 0 and lim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 we obtain
from the last inequality that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (80)
Utilizing the well-known Minty-type Lemma we get
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (81)
So 119901 is a solution in Λ to the VIP (36)In order to prove that the net 119909
119905 119905 isin (0 119886] converges
strongly to 119901 as 119905 rarr 0 suppose that there exists anothersubsequence 119909
119904119896
sub 119909119905 such that 119909
119904119896
rarr 119902 as 119904119896
rarr 0then we also have 119902 isin Fix(119882) = Fix(119879) cap Ω = Λ due to(71) Repeating the same argument as above we know that119902 is another solution in Λ to the VIP (36) In terms of theuniqueness of solutions inΛ to the VIP (36) we immediatelyget 119901 = 119902 This completes the proof
10 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
le (1 minus 120579)1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119879119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205791003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119866119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817
(70)
So from (64) and (66) we obtain
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119882119909119905
1003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (71)
Since119883 is a uniformly smooth Banach space119870 is a nonemptybounded closed convex subset of119862 for more details see [14]We claim that 119870 is also invariant under the nonexpansivemapping 119882 Indeed noticing (71) we have for 119908 isin 119870
Since every nonempty closed bounded convex subset of auniformly smooth Banach space 119883 has the fixed point prop-erty for nonexpansive mappings and 119882 is a nonexpansivemapping of 119870 119882 has a fixed point in 119870 say 119901 UtilizingLemma 5 we get
120583119896⟨119909 minus 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (73)
Putting 119909 = (119891 minus 119860)119901 + 119901 isin 119862 we have
120583119896⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (74)
Abstract and Applied Analysis 9
Since 119909119905119896
minus 119901 = 119905119896(119891(119909119905119896
) minus 119891(119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119896119860)[119866(119879119909
119905119896
) minus 120579119905119896
119865119866(119879119909119905119896
) minus 119901] minus 119905119896(119860 minus 119891)119901 we get
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909
119905minus 119906)⟩
(78)
which hence implies that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩ le
120579119905
119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 forall119906 isin Λ
(79)
Since 119909119905119896
rarr 119901 as 119905119896
rarr 0 and lim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 we obtain
from the last inequality that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (80)
Utilizing the well-known Minty-type Lemma we get
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (81)
So 119901 is a solution in Λ to the VIP (36)In order to prove that the net 119909
119905 119905 isin (0 119886] converges
strongly to 119901 as 119905 rarr 0 suppose that there exists anothersubsequence 119909
119904119896
sub 119909119905 such that 119909
119904119896
rarr 119902 as 119904119896
rarr 0then we also have 119902 isin Fix(119882) = Fix(119879) cap Ω = Λ due to(71) Repeating the same argument as above we know that119902 is another solution in Λ to the VIP (36) In terms of theuniqueness of solutions inΛ to the VIP (36) we immediatelyget 119901 = 119902 This completes the proof
10 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
le (1 minus 120579)1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119879119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205791003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119866119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817
(70)
So from (64) and (66) we obtain
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119882119909119905
1003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (71)
Since119883 is a uniformly smooth Banach space119870 is a nonemptybounded closed convex subset of119862 for more details see [14]We claim that 119870 is also invariant under the nonexpansivemapping 119882 Indeed noticing (71) we have for 119908 isin 119870
Since every nonempty closed bounded convex subset of auniformly smooth Banach space 119883 has the fixed point prop-erty for nonexpansive mappings and 119882 is a nonexpansivemapping of 119870 119882 has a fixed point in 119870 say 119901 UtilizingLemma 5 we get
120583119896⟨119909 minus 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (73)
Putting 119909 = (119891 minus 119860)119901 + 119901 isin 119862 we have
120583119896⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (74)
Abstract and Applied Analysis 9
Since 119909119905119896
minus 119901 = 119905119896(119891(119909119905119896
) minus 119891(119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119896119860)[119866(119879119909
119905119896
) minus 120579119905119896
119865119866(119879119909119905119896
) minus 119901] minus 119905119896(119860 minus 119891)119901 we get
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909
119905minus 119906)⟩
(78)
which hence implies that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩ le
120579119905
119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 forall119906 isin Λ
(79)
Since 119909119905119896
rarr 119901 as 119905119896
rarr 0 and lim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 we obtain
from the last inequality that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (80)
Utilizing the well-known Minty-type Lemma we get
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (81)
So 119901 is a solution in Λ to the VIP (36)In order to prove that the net 119909
119905 119905 isin (0 119886] converges
strongly to 119901 as 119905 rarr 0 suppose that there exists anothersubsequence 119909
119904119896
sub 119909119905 such that 119909
119904119896
rarr 119902 as 119904119896
rarr 0then we also have 119902 isin Fix(119882) = Fix(119879) cap Ω = Λ due to(71) Repeating the same argument as above we know that119902 is another solution in Λ to the VIP (36) In terms of theuniqueness of solutions inΛ to the VIP (36) we immediatelyget 119901 = 119902 This completes the proof
10 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
le (1 minus 120579)1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119879119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817 + 1205791003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119866119909
119905
1003817100381710038171003817
(70)
So from (64) and (66) we obtain
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119882119909119905
1003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (71)
Since119883 is a uniformly smooth Banach space119870 is a nonemptybounded closed convex subset of119862 for more details see [14]We claim that 119870 is also invariant under the nonexpansivemapping 119882 Indeed noticing (71) we have for 119908 isin 119870
Since every nonempty closed bounded convex subset of auniformly smooth Banach space 119883 has the fixed point prop-erty for nonexpansive mappings and 119882 is a nonexpansivemapping of 119870 119882 has a fixed point in 119870 say 119901 UtilizingLemma 5 we get
120583119896⟨119909 minus 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (73)
Putting 119909 = (119891 minus 119860)119901 + 119901 isin 119862 we have
120583119896⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909
119905119896
minus 119901)⟩ le 0 forall119909 isin 119862 (74)
Abstract and Applied Analysis 9
Since 119909119905119896
minus 119901 = 119905119896(119891(119909119905119896
) minus 119891(119901)) + (119868 minus 119905119896119860)[119866(119879119909
119905119896
) minus 120579119905119896
119865119866(119879119909119905119896
) minus 119901] minus 119905119896(119860 minus 119891)119901 we get
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909
119905minus 119906)⟩
(78)
which hence implies that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩ le
120579119905
119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 forall119906 isin Λ
(79)
Since 119909119905119896
rarr 119901 as 119905119896
rarr 0 and lim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 we obtain
from the last inequality that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (80)
Utilizing the well-known Minty-type Lemma we get
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (81)
So 119901 is a solution in Λ to the VIP (36)In order to prove that the net 119909
119905 119905 isin (0 119886] converges
strongly to 119901 as 119905 rarr 0 suppose that there exists anothersubsequence 119909
119904119896
sub 119909119905 such that 119909
119904119896
rarr 119902 as 119904119896
rarr 0then we also have 119902 isin Fix(119882) = Fix(119879) cap Ω = Λ due to(71) Repeating the same argument as above we know that119902 is another solution in Λ to the VIP (36) In terms of theuniqueness of solutions inΛ to the VIP (36) we immediatelyget 119901 = 119902 This completes the proof
10 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+ 1199051205731003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le (1 minus 119905 (120574 minus 120573))1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
times1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩
le1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
2
+ 120579119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 minus 119905 ⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909
119905minus 119906)⟩
(78)
which hence implies that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119909119905minus 119906)⟩ le
120579119905
119905119865119906
1003817100381710038171003817119909119905 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 forall119906 isin Λ
(79)
Since 119909119905119896
rarr 119901 as 119905119896
rarr 0 and lim119905rarr0
(120579119905119905) = 0 we obtain
from the last inequality that
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119906 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (80)
Utilizing the well-known Minty-type Lemma we get
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (81)
So 119901 is a solution in Λ to the VIP (36)In order to prove that the net 119909
119905 119905 isin (0 119886] converges
strongly to 119901 as 119905 rarr 0 suppose that there exists anothersubsequence 119909
119904119896
sub 119909119905 such that 119909
119904119896
rarr 119902 as 119904119896
rarr 0then we also have 119902 isin Fix(119882) = Fix(119879) cap Ω = Λ due to(71) Repeating the same argument as above we know that119902 is another solution in Λ to the VIP (36) In terms of theuniqueness of solutions inΛ to the VIP (36) we immediatelyget 119901 = 119902 This completes the proof
10 Abstract and Applied Analysis
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
Remark 17 It is worth emphasizing that in the assertion ofTheorem 16 ldquoas 119905 rarr 0 119909
119905 converges strongly to a point
119901 isin Λrdquo this 119901 depends on no one of the mappings 119891 119860 and119865 Indeed although 119909
119905 is defined by
119909119905= 119905119891 (119909
119905)+(119868 minus 119905119860) [119866 (119879119909
119905) minus 120579119905119865119866 (119879119909
119905)] forall119905 isin (0 1)
(82)
in the proof ofTheorem 16 it can be readily seen that 119901 is firstfound out as a fixed point of the nonexpansive self-mapping119882 of119870This shows that119901 depends on no one of themappings119891 119860 and 119865
Remark 18 Theorem 16 improves extends supplements anddevelops Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a nonexpansive mapping is more general andmore subtle than the problem in Cai and Bu [9 Lemma 25]because our problem is to find a point 119901 isin Λ = Fix(119879) cap Ωwhich is the unique solution in Λ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Λ (83)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] is extendedto develop the iterative scheme in Theorem 16 by virtueof hybrid steepest-descent method The iterative scheme inTheorem 16 is more advantageous and more flexible thanthe iterative scheme of [9 Lemma 25] because our iterativescheme involves solving two problems the GSVI (13) and thefixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping 119879
(iii) The iterative scheme in Theorem 16 is very differentfrom the iterative scheme in [9 Lemma 25] because ouriterative scheme involves hybrid steepest-descent method(namely we add a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocon-tractive mapping 119865 in our iterative scheme) and because themapping 119879 in [9 Lemma 25] is replaced by the compositemapping 119866 ∘ 119879 in the iterative scheme of Theorem 16
(iv) The argument techniques of Theorem 16 are verydifferent from Cai and Bursquos ones of [9 Lemma 25] Becausethe composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119879 appears in the iterativescheme of Theorem 16 the proof of Theorem 16 dependson the argument techniques in [18] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) the inequal-ity in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) and the properties of the strongly positivelinear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15) the Banach limit(see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretive and strictly pseu-docontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
4 GSVI with Hierarchical Fixed PointProblem Constraint for a Countable Familyof Nonexpansive mappings
In this section we propose our hybrid explicit viscosityscheme for solving theGSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed pointproblem constraint for a countable family of nonexpansivemappings and show the strong convergence theorem
Theorem 19 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed contra-
ctive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862 be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with 120572+120582 gt
1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linear boundedoperator with 0 lt 120574 minus 120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0 120583119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0(|120572119899+1
minus120572119899|+|120573119899+1
minus120573119899|+|120582119899+1
minus120582119899|+|120583119899+1
minus120583119899|) lt
infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860)
times [119866 (119878119899119910119899) minus 120582119899120583119899119865119866 (119878
119899119910119899)]
forall119899 ge 0
(84)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (85)
Proof First let us show that 119909119899 is bounded Indeed taking
a fixed 119906 isin Δ arbitrarily we have
1003817100381710038171003817119910119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 =
1003817100381710038171003817120572119899119909119899 + (1 minus 120572119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119866 (119878119899119909119899) minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119878119899119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
le 120572119899
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817 + (1 minus 120572
119899)1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817 =1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 119906
1003817100381710038171003817
(86)
So 119910119899minus 119906 le 119909
119899minus 119906 for all 119899 ge 0 Taking into account
lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899
= 0 we may assume without loss of
Abstract and Applied Analysis 11
generality that 120582119899120583119899
le 120573119899
le 119860minus1 for all 119899 ge 0 Thus by
Lemma 7 (ii) we have
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899+1 minus 1199061003817100381710038171003817
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
+2 ⟨(119891 minus 119860) 119901 119869 (119909119899+1
minus 119901)⟩ ] le 0
(136)
Therefore applying Lemma 3 to (135) we infer that
lim119899rarrinfin
1003817100381710038171003817119909119899 minus 1199011003817100381710038171003817 = 0 (137)
This completes the proof
Remark 20 It is worth pointing out that the sequences 120582119899
120583119899 and 120573
119899 can be taken which satisfy the conditions in
Theorem 19 As a matter of fact put 120582119899
= (1 + 119899)minus56 120583
119899=
1 and 120573119899
= (1 + 119899)minus23 for all 119899 ge 0 Then there hold the
following statements
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
(120582119899120583119899)120573119899= 0
(iii) suminfin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin suminfin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin and
suminfin
119899=0|120583119899+1
minus 120583119899| lt infin
By the careful analysis of the proof ofTheorem 19 we canobtain the following result Because its proof is much simplerthan that of Theorem 19 we omit its proof
Theorem 21 Let 119862 be a nonempty closed convex subset ofa uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space 119883
such that 119862 plusmn 119862 sub 119862 Let Π119862be a sunny nonexpansive
retraction from 119883 onto 119862 Let the mapping 119861119894
119862 rarr 119883
be 120572119894-inverse-strongly accretive for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119878
119899infin
119899=0be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of 119862 into itself suchthat Δ = ⋂
infin
119894=0Fix(119878119894) cap Ω = 0 where Ω is the fixed point
set of the mapping 119866 = Π119862(119868 minus 120583
11198611)Π119862(119868 minus 120583
21198612) with
0 lt 120583119894
lt 1205721198941205812 for 119894 = 1 2 Let 119891 119862 rarr 119862 be a fixed
contractive map with coefficient 120573 isin (0 1) let 119865 119862 rarr 119862
be 120572-strongly accretive and 120582-strictly pseudocontractive with120572 + 120582 gt 1 and let 119860 119862 rarr 119862 be a 120574-strongly positive linearbounded operator with 0 lt 120574minus120573 le 1 Given sequences 120582
119899infin
119899=0
in [0 1] and 120572119899infin
119899=0 120573119899infin
119899=0in (0 1] suppose that there hold
the following conditions
(i) lim119899rarrinfin
120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0120573119899= infin
(ii) lim119899rarrinfin
120582119899120573119899= 0 and sum
infin
119899=0|120582119899+1
minus 120582119899| lt infin
(iii) 120572119899 sub [119886 119887] for some 119886 119887 isin (0 1)
(iv) suminfin
119899=0|120572119899+1
minus 120572119899| lt infin and sum
infin
119899=0|120573119899+1
minus 120573119899| lt infin
Assume thatsuminfin119899=0
sup119909isin119863
119878119899+1
119909 minus 119878119899119909 lt infin for any bounded
subset 119863 of 119862 and let 119878 be a mapping of 119862 into itself definedby 119878119909 = lim
119899rarrinfin119878119899119909 for all 119909 isin 119862 and suppose that Fix(119878) =
⋂infin
119899=0Fix(119878119899) Then for any given point 119909
0isin 119862 the sequence
119909119899 generated by
119910119899= 120572119899119909119899+ (1 minus 120572
119899) 119866 (119878
119899119909119899)
119909119899+1
= 120573119899119891 (119909119899) + (119868 minus 120573
119899119860) [119910119899minus 120582119899119865 (119910119899)] forall119899 ge 0
(138)
converges strongly to 119901 isin Δ which is the unique solution in Δ
to the VIP (85)
Remark 22 Theorems 19 and 21 improve extend supplementand develop Cai and Bu [10 Theorem 31] and Cai and Bu [9Theorems 31] in the following aspects
(i) The GSVI (13) with hierarchical fixed point problemconstraint for a countable family of nonexpansive mappingsis more general and more subtle than every problem in Caiand Bu [10 Theorems 31] and Cai and Bu [9 Theorem 31]
Abstract and Applied Analysis 17
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
because our problem is to find a point119901 isin Δ = ⋂119899Fix(119878119899)capΩ
which is the unique solution in Δ to the VIP
⟨(119860 minus 119891) 119901 119869 (119901 minus 119906)⟩ le 0 forall119906 isin Δ (139)
(ii) The iterative scheme in [10 Theorem 31] is extendedto develop the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21by virtue of hybrid steepest-descent method The iterativeschemes in Theorems 19 and 21 are more advantageous andmore flexible than the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31]because the iterative scheme of [9 Theorem 31] is implicitand our iterative schemes involve solving two problems theGSVI (13) and the fixed point problem of a countable familyof nonexpansive mappings 119878
119899
(iii) The iterative schemes inTheorems 19 and 21 are verydifferent from everyone in both [10 Theorem 31] and [9Theorem 31] because our iterative schemes involve hybridsteepest-descentmethod (namely we add a strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping 119865 in our iterativeschemes) and because themappings119866 and 119878
119899in [10Theorem
31] and the mapping 119878119899in [9 Theorem 31] are replaced by
the same composite mapping 119866 ∘ 119878119899in the iterative schemes
of Theorems 19 and 21(iv) Cai and Bursquos proof in [10 Theorem 31] depends
on the argument techniques in [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces (see Lemma 1) and theinequality in smooth and uniform convex Banach spaces (seeProposition 2) Because the compositemapping119866∘119878
119899appears
in the iterative schemes in Theorems 19 and 21 the proofof Theorems 19 and 21 depends on the argument techniquesin [20] the inequality in 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces(see Lemma 1) the inequality in smooth and uniform convexBanach spaces (see Proposition 2) and the properties of thestrongly positive linear bounded operator (see Lemmas 15)the Banach limit (see Lemma 5) and the strongly accretiveand strictly pseudocontractive mapping (see Lemma 7)
Remark 23 Theorems 19 and 21 extend and improveTheorem 16 of Yao et al [21] to a great extent in the followingaspects
(i) the 119906 is replaced by a fixed contractive mapping(ii) one continuous pseudocontractive mapping (includ-
ing nonexpansivemapping) is replaced by a countablefamily of nonexpansive mappings
(iii) we add a strongly positive linear bounded operator 119860and a strongly accretive and strictly pseudocontrac-tive mapping 119865 in our iterative algorithms
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgment
This article was funded by theDeanship of Scientific Research(DSR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah The authorstherefore acknowledge with thanks DSR for the technical
and financial support This research was partially supportedto first author by the National Science Foundation of China(11071169) Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Edu-cation Commission (09ZZ133) and PhD Program Foun-dation of Ministry of Education of China (20123127110002)Finally the authors thank the referees for their valuablecomments and suggestions for improvement of the paper
References
[1] H Iiduka and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence theoremsfor nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotonemappingsrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 61 no 3 pp 341ndash3502005
[2] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradientmethod for solving split feasibility and fixed point problemsrdquoComputers amp Mathematics with Applications vol 64 no 4 pp633ndash642 2012
[3] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientmethods for finding minimum-norm solutions of the splitfeasibility problemrdquo Nonlinear Analysis A vol 75 no 4 pp2116ndash2125 2012
[4] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoRelaxed extragradientiterative methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Applied Mathe-matics and Computation vol 218 no 3 pp 1112ndash1123 2011
[5] L-C Ceng Q H Ansari and J-C Yao ldquoMann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods forvariational inequalities in Banach spacesrdquoNumerical FunctionalAnalysis and Optimization vol 29 no 9-10 pp 987ndash1033 2008
[6] W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoWeak convergence theorems fornonexpansive mappings and monotone mappingsrdquo Journal ofOptimization Theory and Applications vol 118 no 2 pp 417ndash428 2003
[7] H Iiduka W Takahashi and M Toyoda ldquoApproximation ofsolutions of variational inequalities for monotone mappingsrdquoPanamerican Mathematical Journal vol 14 no 2 pp 49ndash612004
[8] Y Takahashi K Hashimoto and M Kato ldquoOn sharp uniformconvexity smoothness and strong type cotype inequalitiesrdquoJournal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis vol 3 no 2 pp 267ndash281 2002
[9] G Cai and S Bu ldquoApproximation of common fixed pointsof a countable family of continuous pseudocontractions in auniformly smooth Banach spacerdquo Applied Mathematics Lettersvol 24 no 12 pp 1998ndash2004 2011
[10] G Cai and S Bu ldquoConvergence analysis for variational inequal-ity problems and fixed point problems in 2-uniformly smoothand uniformly convex Banach spacesrdquoMathematical and Com-puter Modelling vol 55 no 3-4 pp 538ndash546 2012
[11] H K Xu ldquoInequalities in Banach spaces with applicationsrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 16 no 12 pp 1127ndash1138 1991
[12] S Kamimura and W Takahashi ldquoStrong convergence of aproximal-type algorithm in a Banach spacerdquo SIAM Journal onOptimization vol 13 no 3 pp 938ndash945 2002
[13] H K Xu and T H Kim ldquoConvergence of hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalitiesrdquo Journal of Opti-mization Theory and Applications vol 119 no 1 pp 185ndash2012003
[14] W Takahashi Nonlinear Functional AnalysismdashFixed Point The-ory and Its Applications Yokohama Publishers YokohamaJapan 2000 Japanese
18 Abstract and Applied Analysis
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007
[15] S Reich ldquoWeak convergence theorems for nonexpansive map-pings in Banach spacesrdquo Journal of Mathematical Analysis andApplications vol 67 no 2 pp 274ndash276 1979
[16] R E Bruck Jr ldquoProperties of fixed-point sets of nonexpansivemappings in Banach spacesrdquo Transactions of the AmericanMathematical Society vol 179 pp 251ndash262 1973
[17] K Aoyama Y Kimura W Takahashi andM Toyoda ldquoApprox-imation of common fixed points of a countable family ofnonexpansive mappings in a Banach spacerdquo Nonlinear AnalysisA vol 67 no 8 pp 2350ndash2360 2007
[18] L-C Ceng and J-C Yao ldquoAn extragradient-like approximationmethod for variational inequality problems and fixed pointproblemsrdquo Applied Mathematics and Computation vol 190 no1 pp 205ndash215 2007
[19] Y Censor A Gibali and S Reich ldquoTwo extensions of Kor-pelevichrsquos extragradient method for solving the variationalinequality problem in Euclidean spacerdquo Technical Report 2010
[20] L-C Ceng C-y Wang and J-C Yao ldquoStrong convergencetheorems by a relaxed extragradient method for a generalsystem of variational inequalitiesrdquo Mathematical Methods ofOperations Research vol 67 no 3 pp 375ndash390 2008
[21] Y Yao Y-C Liou and R Chen ldquoStrong convergence of aniterative algorithm for pseudocontractive mapping in BanachspacesrdquoNonlinear Analysis A vol 67 no 12 pp 3311ndash3317 2007