HYBRID-PROCEDURES AND CHALLENGES FOR EMISSION MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS K. Engeljehringer – AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria Prof. Dr. C. Beidl – Technische Universität Darmstadt Dr. B. Lenzen – Technische Universität Darmstadt P. Weickgenannt – Technische Universität Darmstadt
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HYBRID-PROCEDURES AND CHALLENGES FOR EMISSION MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
K. Engeljehringer – AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria Prof. Dr. C. Beidl – Technische Universität Darmstadt Dr. B. Lenzen – Technische Universität Darmstadt P. Weickgenannt – Technische Universität Darmstadt
2 AVL Emission Test Systems, K. Engeljehringer
HYBRID EMISSION TESTING Content
• Introduction
• Test procedures for Hybrids
• Legislation, what is a Hybrid?
• NOVC – Not Off Vehicle Charging
• OVC – Off Vehicle Charging
• Emission Measurement Challenges
• Hybrid specific measurement
challenges
• Conclusion
3 AVL Emission Test Systems, K. Engeljehringer
Impressions from Shanghai in October 2012
Taxi drive from airport to downtown Shanghai. What can you see?
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Impressions from Shanghai in October 2012
A lot of electricity supplied into the city
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Impressions from Shanghai in October 2012
Advertisement mounted on a factory chimney for a photovoltaic manufacturer.
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Impressions from Shanghai in October 2012
Night live in Nanjing Rd.
From 53 Scooters 43 hat an electric motor, i.e. 80%
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2010
7 Billion people
1.100 Million vehicles
THE CHALLENGES Balancing resources with demands
1960
3 Billion people
200 Million vehicles
Therefore we need a much higher efficiency
in the usage of our resources!
• Surface, we only have one world
• Air volume – the atmosphere is only a thin layer, 60% of the
air is below the summit of mount Everest
• Fossil energy is limited
Resources
are limited
Demand
is increasing
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THE CHALLENGES Green-House-Gas emissions and Global Warming
CO2 emitted per country:
The map shows how much CO2 is emitted
per country.
1. China
2. USA
3. India
4. Russia
CO2 emitted per person:
The map shows how much CO2 is emitted
per person.
1. USA
2. Canada
3. Australia
4. Middle East
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CONTROLLING AIR POLLUTION also CO2 emission become regulated
4 l/100km
25 km/l
65 mpg
10 AVL Emission Test Systems, K. Engeljehringer
HYBRID EMISSION TESTING Content
• Introduction
• Test procedures for Hybrids
• Legislation, what is a Hybrid?
• NOVC – Not Off Vehicle Charging
• OVC – Off Vehicle Charging
• Emission Measurement Challenges
• Hybrid specific measurement
challenges
• Conclusion
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AVL EMISSION LEGISLATION BOARD Many pages, complex and sometimes confusing
4000+ pages of worldwide emission legislations and regulations
In Annex 8 of this Regulation, references to
Annex 4 shall be understood as reference
to Appendix 4 of Annex I of this
Regulation. (Quotation from UN-ECE 101)
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HYBRID TECHNOLOGIES Types and Functionalities Overview