HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC PIRPOSEES

Associates

Guide: Associate Professor Gopala Reddy KBhushith M KChandan Y

Meganashree H RAkshatha K

GLOBAL ENERGY SCENARIO

At the current energy consumption rate, proven coalresources should last for about 200years, oil for 40yearsand natural gasses for 60years

As predicted there will be a 40+ percent increase in theworld’s renewable-generated electricity over next 5years

Wind energy is the world’s fastest growing energy source,expanding globally at a rate of 25% to 35% annually overthe last decade

Hydro is the second largest available renewable sourceand its energy market is around 20% to 30% annually.

Solar technologies are predicted to be 4.9% of globalrenewable electricity by 2017

Renewable energy sources have attracted special attention

due to the security of energy supply by reducing the

dependence on imported fossil fuels

And also there is a reduction in emission of green house

gases like co2 from the burning of fossil fuels

Hence renewable energy sources are sustainable energy

sources that can be relied upon for a long time span and it

is cost effective. Also, considerably efficient

SELF SUFFICIENT HOMES

We know that the electric power which is being suppliedto the domestic consumers by the utility is not continuous,especially in India. Hence we can make use of renewableenergy sources which are available in and around aparticular house. Such houses are called as -

“Self Sufficient Homes”

Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydrocan be made use of to generate electric power to satisfythe power requirements of a house. The most commontypes of domestic power generation make use of solarpanels or vertical axis wind turbine or Pico hydro systems.

But using only one of these to generate electricity is less

reliable. Hence all the three renewable sources of energy

mentioned above (solar, wind and hydro) are integrated

together into a hybrid electric power generating system.

This ensures the consumer continuous power supply. And,

the energy generated here can be stored in a battery for

further consumption

GENERATION OF

ELECTRICITY FOR

DOMESTIC PURPOSES(USING SOLAR, WIND & HYDRO)

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION USING

“SOLAR” ENERGY

The solar cells are interconnected in certain series or parallel

combinations to form modules. These modules are hermetically

sealed for protection against corrosion, moisture, pollution and

weathering

A combination of suitable module constitutes an array

One Square meter of fixed array kept facing south yields nearly

0.5kWhr of electrical energy on normal sunny days if the

orientation of the array is adjusted to face the sun’s rays

PV panel which we have made use of consists of 64 cells

which gives an output of 20 Volts

Electricity generated is stored in a battery for future use

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION USING

“WIND” ENERGY

A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic

energy from the wind into electrical power. A wind

turbine used for charging batteries may be referred to

as a wind charger

The WECS consists of major components like aero-

turbine, gearing, coupling, and generator

We make use of “Vertical Axis” wind turbines for

domestic purposes as it is cost effective

At normal wind speeds of the range 5m/s to 10m/s, the

WECS generates a voltage of 110 Volts

We have made use of a “Savonious Wind Turbine”

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION USING

“HYDRO” ENERGY

When water is pumped into the overhead tank using amotor, the water falling into the tank has certain amountof kinetic energy which can be utilized to generateelectricity.

At the point where the water falls into the tank, agenerator is connected which is coupled to a blade.

And when the water falls on the blade, it starts rotatingwhich induces emf inside the armature of the generatorthus producing electricity. A voltage of 80V is obtainedhere

GOING “HYBRID” We integrate all the three electric power generating

modules to optimize the utilization of renewable energies

Since the output from all the generating modules isvariable, we make use of DC – DC converter to get afixed magnitude of DC

A battery is used to store the electric power generated

We also make use of a charge controller which facilitatesproper and safe charging of the batteries

Hybrid electric powergenerating systems usuallysupply island networks thatare not connected to anintegrated grid coveringseveral houses

Large potential for ruralelectrification especiallywith renewable energysources can be found indeveloping countries

It also provides continuouspower supply to theconsumers as Hybrid powergeneration is not seasonal

Initial cost is high

Monitoring of turbine speed in

WECS is difficult

Voltage generated is not

constant and hence voltage

regulators must be used

Since output is dc in all the

three generating modules,

inverters should be used in

order to utilize the generated

energy for lighting purposes

Advantages Disadvantages

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

An “Automatic Charge Controller ” can be

implemented

Once the power requirements of a particular

house is fulfilled and if there is excess power

available , “ Grid – Integration ” can be done

(Power Selling)

REFERENCES

1. J. Bhagwan Reddey, D.N. Reddy ―Probablistic Performance Assessment of a Roof Top Wind, Solar Photo Voltaic Hybrid Energy

System‖, Engineering Science and Education Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 281-298, February 2008.

2. Stanley R. Bull, ―Renewable Energy Today and Tomorrow‖, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 316-381, August 2001.

3. R.Chedid & H. Akiki, ―A decision Support Technique for the Design of Hybrid Solar-Wind Power System‖, IEEE Transaction of

Energy Conversion Vol. 13, No.1,pp. 154-176, March 1998.

4. Nabil A. Ahmed & Masafumi Miyatake, ―A Stand-Alone Hybrid Generation System Combining Solar Photovoltic and Wind Turbine

with Simple Maximum power Point Tracking Control‖.

5. Riad Chedid & Safur Rahman, ―Unit Sizing and Control of Hybrid Wind Solar Power Systems‖, IEEE Transaction of Energy Con

version, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 181-195, March 1997.

6. Jozef Paska, Piot & Biczel, Mariusz Klos, ―Experience with Hybrid Power Generating System‖.