Hybrd eng

PRESENTED BYSHIVAM MEHTA

NTTF MNTCDIPLOMA IN MECHATRONICS

2010-2013

1. Introduction2. Conventional approach3. Mechatronics Approach

4. Block diagram5. Block diagram Explanation6. Block Diagram7. Block diagram Explanation8. Advantages9. Disadvantages10. Reference

Diploma in Mechatronics3


With today’s persistently high oil prices, we are spending more money than ever on gasoline.

The use of natural gas and oil in cars, trucks, and buses accounts 27 percent of world global warming pollution.

The new transportation technology called Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) could help us spend

less money at the pump, and at the same time reduce global warming pollution and decrease our dependence on petroleum products like petrol and diesel .


This new fuel-efficient technology should become part of our transportation package to save non renewable fuels and our environment.

Hybrid vehicles are not fully electrically powered. It is an evolution of both electric and internal combustion (IC) engine. It combines the advantages of both internal combustion and electric engine.

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The hybrid electric vehicle consists of both electrical motors and IC engine. It uses electric drive system and braking system. The transmission is step-less automatic transmission type. It uses compact electrical speed control system.

Diploma in Mechatronics

AbstractAbstract

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Modern hybrid vehicles are called plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). The total system mainly concentrates on the optimization of fuel input and

high performance

AbstractAbstract (Cont’dCont’d)

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Conventionally the vehicles are driven by internal

combustion engine which uses oil or gas as fuel.

Fully electrical vehicles are of less power and it

requires frequent charging.

For conventional engines loss of energy is more.

The speed and transmission are controlled directly

by the driver.


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Here the engine is driven by electrical motors.

It is having an IC engine which is used for providing electrical energy to motor.

It uses automatic transmission system to optimize fuel consumption.


Mechatronics approachMechatronics approach

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Its braking system will be either regenerative or ABS type.

It is having an Engine Control Unit (ECU) which controls the motor, transmission and brakes.

Mechatronics approach(cont’d)Mechatronics approach(cont’d)

11Diploma in Mechatronics

Working Working The starting of the engine is done by the

electrical ignition of IC engine.

Engine starts moving when gear is in drive mode. The gear shift up automatically according to the acceleration .

When the battery is charged the motor drives the wheel. Then the IC engine is disconnected from wheel shaft by the automatic clutch.

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When the engine is under hard acceleration ,both IC and electrical engine works together to deliver more power.

When engine is slowing down the energy is drawn back and it is stored in battery.

For vehicles with regenerative braking ,while braking motor acts as a dynamo and stores the energy in the vehicle battery.

Working(cont’d)Working(cont’d)


Working(cont’d)Working(cont’d)

Here the system is working automatically so the system response will be fast


Block diagramBlock diagram


Block diagram explanationBlock diagram explanation

The hybrid car engine is much similar to that of conventional vehicles.

It uses advanced technologies to reduce emissions and increase efficiency.

It is coupled with the shaft of generator by the automatic clutch

Internal combustion engine:


Motor generator Motor generator ::

The electric motor on a hybrid car is very sophisticated.

Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well as a

generator.

Auto clutch:

It disconnects the IC engine from the motor shaft when ever requires; automatically.

It uses torque converter, a type of fluid coupling. It connects engine to the transmission hydraulically.

Torque converter


Automatic transmission:

Motor vehicle transmission that can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves.

It can change their 'ratios' over a wider 'step less' range.


The battery stores the energy given by generator. It give energy when the motor requires energy through the DC DC converter

Battery and DC-DC Converter:


Anti lock Braking System (ABS):

It is a braking system which combines fluid braking and electrical system.

It give good control and stability when brake is applied.

ECU and Power electronics circuits unit:

It is also called Hybrid Control Module. It consists of microcontroller circuits for controlling and it is interfaced to the engine using power electronics circuits


Types of hybrid systemsTypes of hybrid systems

Serial hybrid system

It uses the IC engine and electrical engine serially. IC engine cannot drive the vehicle .It can only give energy for the electrical motor to work and to charge the battery.

Parallel hybrid system

It is having a parallel IC engine and electrical engine. It can also be run with any one of it and in series method also.

Diploma in Mechatronics 21


A hybrid LPG vehicleA hybrid LPG vehicle

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Plug in hybrid vehiclePlug in hybrid vehicle


AdvantagesAdvantages Fuel efficiency is greatly increased (twice).

Emissions are greatly decreased.

Dependency on fossils fuels can be decreased.

Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as well.

Use of renewable source of energy.

Electrical engines can be controlled easily and fastly.

Will cut down emissions of global-warming pollutants by one third to a half.


DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Cost of hybrid vehicles is more.

Hybrids are not zero-emission vehicles.

Charging of ‘plug in hybrids’ outside home is difficult.

Lithium, used in batteries are one of the rarely available element.


ReferenceReference

BOOKS: Electronics for you

WEBSITES: www.google.com www.wikipedia.org www.howstuffworks.com

Hybrd eng

Documents

electrical engine

electric engine

electrical vehicles

internal combustion

internal combustion

braking system

electrical energy

mechatronics approachcontd