Hướng dẫn ôn thi cao học môn anh văn

8/12/2019 Hng dn n thi cao hc mn anh vn

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B gio dc v o to


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cng hng dn n tp. Thi cao hoc Anh Vn

B gio dc v o to

cng n tp mn ting anh

dnh cho cao hc v nghin cu sinh------------------------------------------

cng ny dng lm c s hng dn n t hc v cho vi!c "i#m t$% mn ti&ng'nh t$ong "( thi t)y#n sinh c%o h*c v nghi+n c,) sinh hng nm th.o /)y 0nh c1%B 2io dc v o to v do 3$4ng i h*c 5ng nghi! 6 t7 ch,c8

Phn mt : gii thiu chung

68 9c ti+): cng ny nh;m hng dn /)i t$?nh n t@ hng dn n t

v $% thi :A8 5i d)ng chng t$?nh ging dy cc l n t thi t)y#n sinh8C8 5i d)ng v h?nh th,c thi t)y#n sinh8>8 Di!c n t c1% thE sinh8

668 5i d)ng : cng g


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B8 No vy hng dn ny dng ch)ng cho c C cZ @ "hi hng dn n t v$% thi gio vi+n cGn vn dng cho thEch hW vi tSng t$?nh 8

6D8 Pc ti li!) th%m "ho chEnh

RhGn hng dn cc ni d)ng chEnh@ c) m)@ =i m) v =i t Wc son dL% th.occ vn =n hng dn c1% B ni t$+n v th%m "ho cc ti li!) t$ong v ngoi ncnh cc ti li!) n t v l)y!n thi c1% 5h \)Zt =n i h*c P%m=$idg. I P%m=$idg.niv.$sity R$.ss - H'nhK : R$%ctic. 3.sts po$ P%m=$idg. R$.limin%$y Jnglish HRJ3K@P%m=$idg. R$%ctic. 3.sts po$ qi$st P.$tipic%t. HqPJK@ R$og$.ss to qi$st P.$tipic%t.@P%m=$idg. qi$st P.$tipic%t. J\%min%tion R$%ctic.@ qipty 3.sts in Jss.nti%l Jnglish c1%5h \)Zt =n B%sil Bl%c"r.ll@88 v t$ong cc sch l)y!n thi 6J3u v 3`Jq docc nh \)Zt =n "hc nh%) Zn hnh@ v mt s_ ti li!) ti v tS mng@ v8v8

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Phn hai : u cu! ni dung ch"nh cn n tp

'8 D`P'B'T H3S vLngK:

A8 u_ lWng tS vLng "hong AFee - Awee tS vi PZ B v Awee - CAee tS_i vi PZ P8

C8 3S c =n@ tS hi sinh: Pho mt c) c mt chx t$_ng v cho mt dngc =n c1% tS @ thE sinh hi t?m tS hi sinh thEch hW tS tS c =n # in vochx t$_ng8

DE d : tS g_c : Pb6N : s_ nhi) : child$.n tEnh tS : childl.ss@ child-li".@childish d%nh tS : childhood '33T'P3 : tEnh tS : %tt$%ctiv.f)n%tt$%ctiv.@%tt$%ct%=l. t$ng tS : %tt$%ctiv.ly d%nh tS : %tt$%ction@ %tt$%ctiv.n.ss@ %tt$%ctivity 8

B8 2T'99'T H5gO hKRhGn 5gO h hi nm vOng v =i&t s] dng F hGn c =n s%) :

A8 5hm ng tS : H3h. D.$= 2$o)KA8A8 Pc th? t$ong ti&ng 'nh H 3h. Jnglish 3.ns.sKA8C8 P) =0 ng H 3h. R%ssiv. Doic.K

C8 P) i) "i!n HPondition%l u.nt.nc.sKC8A8 i) "i!n c thLc HT.%l conditionsKC8C8 i) "i!n "hng c thLc Hgi thi&tK Hn$.%l conditionsK

>8 ng tS chz h?nh th i H9od%l D.$=sK>8A8 P%nfPo)ld>8C8 9%yf9ight>8>8 9)stfb%v. to>88 uho)ldfUo)ld

8 Pc dng "hng chi% c1% ng tS H 3h. 5on-qinit.s K8A8 ng tS ng)y+n th# H 3h. 6npinitiv. K8C8 N%nh ng tS H 3h. 2.$)nd K

F8 Pch ni t$Lc ti& - gin ti& HNi$.ct %nd 6ndi$.ctfT.o$t.d u..chK

P8 TJ'N652 P`9RTJbJ5u6`5 H*c hi#)K

A8 RhGn t$c nghi!m I g8 *c@ ch*n tS thEch hW in vo chx t$_ng H2%- qillingKN8 UT63652 HDi&tK

A8 NLng c) c hng dn H2)id.d u.nt.nc. B)ildingK

C8 Di&t li c) HT.-r$itingfu.nt.nc. 3$%nspo$m%tionK

J8 3T'5u'36`5 HN0chK

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A8 N0ch 'nh I Di!t HJnglish I Di.tn%m.s. 3$%nsl%tionK

C8 N0ch Di!t I 'nh HDi.tn%m.s. I Jnglish 3$%nsl%tionKPhn #a : hng d$n chi tit

%& '()%*+,%-. /01 '2345:

*& 46amma6 /347 P89P5

RhGn 5gO h hi nm vOng v =i&t s] dng F hGn c =n s%) :

1. Nhm ng t : (Th V!" #!o$p%A8A8 Pc th? t$ong ti&ng 'nh H 3h. Jnglish 3.ns.sKA8C8 Pch ni =0 ng H 3h. R%ssiv. Doic.K

&. '$ i$ )i*n ('onditiona+ ,ntnc-%C8A8 i) "i!n c thLc HT.%l conditionsKC8C8 i) "i!n "hng c thLc Hgi thi&tK Hn$.%l conditionsK

. ng t ch/ t0nh thi (2oda+ V!"-%>8A8 P%nfPo)ld>8C8 9%yf9ight>8>8 9)stfb%v. to>88 uho)ldfUo)ld

3. 'c d4ng )hng chia c5a ng t ( Th Non67init- %8A8 ng tS ng)y+n th# H 3h. 6npinitiv. K8C8 N%nh ng tS H 3h. 2.$)nd K

8. 'ch ni t!9c tip; gin tip ( Th ?po!td ,pch%

---------------------------------------------------A8 nhm ng tS

A8A8 cc th? t$ong ti&ng %nh: H3h. Jnglish 3.ns.sK3h.$. %$. %ltog.th.$ AC t.ns. po$ms in Jnglish :

|

u69RJRTJuJ53 P`5365ùR'u3 RJTqJP3q3TJ RJTqJP3 P`5365ù

A8A8A8 The Simple Present 5ÙR'u3 }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} q3TJ

3h. uiml. R$.s.nt is )s.d:HiK rith st%tiv. v.$=s:

- 6 $nd!-tand it nor8- 3h%t +oo)-good8

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HiiK po$ th. p)t)$. rith v.$=s s)ch %s Mo.nfclos.Q@ M=.ginf.ndQ@ M%$$iv.fl.%v.Q %nd.\$.ss.s % p%ct8- 3h. Jnglish t.st "gin-%t .ight8- 3m a!!i@-%t ~ 8m8 on u)nd%y8

HiiiK to .\$.ss % h%=it)%l o$ .v.$yd%y %ction8- 6 %lr%ys d!in)copp.. po$ =$.%"p%st8

- uh. gt- $p%t si\ .v.$y mo$ning8

HivK po$ som.thing th%t .\ist.d in th. %st@ .\ists nor@ %nd rill .\ist in th. p)t)$.fsom.thing th%t is %lr%ys t$).8- 3h. s)n !i--in th. .%st8- Nogs "a!)%nd c%ts m8

A8A8C8 The Present Continuous

5`U

R'u3 }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} q3TJ

3h. R$.s.nt Pontin)o)s is )s.d:HiK to shor $.s.nt tim. I nor I rith %ll v.$=s .\c.t th.s. st%tiv. v.$=s8

"nor h.%$ %.%$ t%st.)nd.$st%nd li". s..m rish=.li.v. lov. sm.ll ornloo" so)nd h%v. n..d$.m.m=.$ m.%n $.p.$ r%nt

- 3m i- ta+)ingon th. hon. $ight nor8- 6t i- !ainingo)tsid.8

A8A8>8 The Present Perfect5`U

R'u3 q3TJ

3h. R$.s.nt R.$p.ct is )s.d :HiK to shor th%t %n %ction h%.n.d %t %n ind.pinit. tim. in th. %st8

- 6 ha@ -nth%t movi.8 Hno d.pinit. tim. in th. %stK- uh. ha- ta)nth. t.st 8 Hno d.pinit. tim. in th. %stK

HiiK rh.n %n %ction st%$t.d in th. %st %nd is still contin)ing in th. $.s.nt8- 5%m h%s liv.d in 5%m inh po$ t.n y.%$s8 Hh. still liv.s th.$.K

o! - 5%m ha- +i@din 5%m inh sinc. AF8N.B.: 3h. %dv.$=i%l tim. .\$.ssions Mpo$Q %nd Msinc.Q %$. )s.d rith th. $.s.nt .$p.ctt.ns.: Mqo$Q is )s.d po$ d)$%tion op tim. : Bo!t.n y.%$s Bo!th$.. d%ys

Muinc.Q is )s.d rith th. =.ginning op th. tim. .$iod: -inc AF@ -inc Hl%stKU.dn.sd%y -incAe ocloc"8

HiiiK rh.n %n %ction r%s $..%t.d in th. %st o$ h%.n.d mo$. th%n onc. in th. %st8

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- 6 ha@ !ittnth$.. l.tt.$s this r.."8- uh. ha- Bai+dh.$ d$iving t.st tric. this y.%$8

HivK rith th. %dv.$=i%l tim. .\$.ssions My.tQ %nd M%l$.%dyQ rhich shor th%t %n %ctionocc)$$.d o$ did not occ)$ %t %n d.pinit. tim. in th. %st8M.tQ is )s.d in n.g%tiv. s.nt.nc.s %nd /).stions 8

M.tQ %.%$s %t th. .nd op th. s.nt.nc.8

- U. h%v.nt h%d l)nch y.t8M'l$.%dyQ %.%$s =.tr..n th. %)\ili%$y %nd th. m%in v.$=:

- 3h.y h%v. %l$.%dy pinish.d th.i$ $o.ct8M'l$.%dyQ m%y %lso =. l%c.d %t th. =.ginning o$ %t th. .nd op % s.nt.nc.8

HvK rith oth.$ tim. .\$.ssions s)ch %s M) to norQ@ Mopt.nQ@ M%s soon %sQ@ Md)$ing th. %stp.r d%ysQ@ Ml%t.lyQ@ M$.c.ntlyQ@ M)stQ@ M.v.$Q@ Mn.v.$Q@ Mso p%$Q@ Mp$./).ntlyQ@ Mpin%llyQ :

- b. rill c%ll yo) %s soon %s h. h%s pinish.d his hom.ro$"8- N)$ing th. %st tro d%ys@ sh. h%s $.%d piv. ch%t.$s8

A8A88 The Present Perfect Continuous5`U

R'u3 q3TJ

3h. R$.s.nt R.$p.ct Pontin)o)s is )s.d :HiK to .mh%si. th. d)$%tion op %n %ctivity th%t =.g%n in th. %st %nd is still contin)ing

in th. $.s.nt8 6t is )s.d rith tim. .\$.ssion s)ch %s Mpo$Q@ Msinc.Q@ M%ll d%yQ@ M%ll r.."Q :- 6 ha@ "n doingthis .\.$cis. po$ h%lp %n ho)$8- 6t ha- "n !aining%ll mo$ning8

HiiK som.tim.s rith th. s%m. m.%ning %s th. $.s.nt .$p.ct@ %nd rith som. v.$=s

s)ch %s Mt.%chQ@ Mliv.Q@ %nd Mro$"Q@ .ith.$ t.ns. c%n =. )s.d8- b. h%s =..n t.%ching h.$. po$ piv. y.%$s8o! - b. h%s t%)ght h.$. po. piv. y.%$s8

- uh. h%s =..n ro$"ing rith )s sinc. l%st q.=$)%$y8o6 - uh. h%s ro$".d rith )s sinc. l%st q.=$)%$y8

A8A8F8 The Simple Past

5`U

R'u3 q3TJ

3h. uiml. R%st is )s.d :HiK to shor th%t %n %ctivity =.g%n %nd .nd.d %t % s.cipic tim. in th. %st8

- 6 too)th. t.st th. d%y =.po$. y.st.$d%y8- U. ntpo$ % icnic l%st r..".nd8

HiiK to shor th%t %n %ction occ)$$.d ov.$ % .$iod op tim. in th. %st8- uh. +i@din % 5%ng po$ piv. y.%$s =.po$. sh. c%m. h.$.8

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A8A8~8 The Past Continuous

5Ù

R'u3 q3TJ

3h. R%st Pontin)o)s is )s.d :HiK rh.n %n %ction in th. %st rhich h%d %l$.%dy st%$t.d r%s int.$$)t.d =y %noth.$

%ction8- 9%i a- -+pingrh.n th. hon. $%ng8- Uh.n it st%$t.d to $%in@ r. ! ha@ingdinn.$8

HiiK rh.n tro %ction in th. %st contin).d %t th. s%m. tim.8- %n a- atchingt.l.vision rhil. 3m a- -+ping8- b. a- !adingrhil. 6 a- !itingmy .ss%y8

HiiiK rh.n %n %ction r%s contin)ing %t % %$tic)l%$ tim. in th. %st8- 5%m a- -t$dCing%t nin. ocloc" l%st night8- U. ! doingmo$ning .\.$cis.s %t si\ this mo$ning8

A8A88 The Past Perfect

5Ù

R'u3 q3TJ

3h. R%st R.$p.ct is )s.d :HiK to shor th%t %n %ctivity r%s coml.t.d =.po$. %noth.$ %ctivity o$ d.pinit. tim. in th.

%st8 - By th. tim. 6 got to th. %i$o$t@ th. l%n. h%d %l$.%dy t%".n opp8- uh. h%d l.%$n.d Jnglish =.po$. sh. c%m. h.$.8

o! - uh. l.%$n.d Jnglish =.po$. sh. c%m. h.$.858B8 Uith M=.po$.Q %nd M%pt.$Q .ith.$ th. %st .$p.ct o$ th. siml. %st t.ns. c%n =. )s.d8

A8A8w8 The Past Perfect Continuous

5Ù

R'u3 q3TJ

3h. Da-t D!Bct 'ontin$o$-is simil%$ to th. R%st R.$p.ct@ =)t it is )s.d to : .mh%si. th.d)$%tion op %n %ctivity th%t contin).d =.po$. %ny %ctivity in th. %st:

- b. had "n +i@ingin % 5ng =.po$. h. d.cid.d to mov. to b%noi8

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- %n had "n c+aning h.$ ho)s. %ll mo$ning =.po$. th. g).sts%$$iv.d8

A8A88 The Simple Future5Ù

R'u3 }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} q3TJ

3h. uiml. q)t)$. is )s.d:3h. tro most common const$)ctions po$ .\$.ssing th. p)t)$. %$. MrillQ %nd M=. going

toQ8 Both %$. )s.d int.$ch%ng.%=ly to .\$.ss % st%t.m.nt %=o)t % p)t)$. %ctio:- 6 i++s.nd this l.tt.$ tomo$$or8- 6 am going toEs.nd this l.tt.$ tomo$$or8

bor.v.$@ Mgoing toQ is )s)%lly )s.d rh.n r. h%v. % l%n o$ %n int.ntion po$ th.p)t)$.@ %nd MrillQ is )s.d rh.n r. r%nt to .\$.ss %n %ction in th. p)t)$. ritho)t %ny

$.m.dit%tion o$ $io$ tho)ght8- Bc i- going tost)dy %g$ic)lt)$%l .ngin..$ing n.\t y.%$8 Hp)t)$. l%nK- 6++ gt th. hon.8 Hsont%n.o)s %ctionK

N.B.6n % s.nt.nc. rh.$. th.$. %$. tro cl%)s.s op rhich on. is % tim. cl%)s. =.ginning rithMrh.nQ@ M%pt.$Q@ M=.po$.Q@ M%s soon %sQ@ M)ntilQ@ th. p)t)$. t.ns. is not )s.d in th%t cl%)s.8

- 'pt.$ r. Bini-hth. ro$"@ r. rill r%tch t.l.vision8- 's soon %s h. com-@ 6 rill giv. yo) % c%ll8

A8A8Ae8The Future Continuous

5Ù

R'u3 q3TJ

3h. q)t)$. Pontin)o)s is )s.d :HiK to .\$.ss %n %ctivity th%t rill st%$t %t % p)t)$. tim. %nd =. in $og$.ss %t % c.$t%in

tim. in th. p)t)$.8- 't this tim. tomo$$or@ r. i++ " ta)ingth. t.st8

HiiK rh.n %n %ction rill t%". l%c. %t %n ind.pinit. tim. in th. p)t)$.8 6n this c%s. th.siml. p)t)$. po$m c%n %lso =. )s.d8

- U. rill =. s..ing yo) th.$.8 o! U.ll s.. yo) th.$.8

A8A8AA8 The Future Perfect5Ù

R'u3 q3TJ

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3h. q)t)$. R.$p.ct is )s.d to .\$.ss % p)t)$. %ction rhich rill =. pinish.d =.po$. %noth.$%ction o$ tim. in th. p)t)$.8 3h. tim. .\$.ssion M=y 88Q@ M=y th%t tim.Q@ M=y th.nQ@ Min % p.rho)$sQ@ .tc8 %$. common rith this po$m8

- By th. tim. h. com.s@ r. i++ ha@ Bini-hdo)$ ro$"8- By tr.lv. ocloc" r. i++ ha@ a!!i@dth.$.8

A8A8AC8 The Future Perfect Continuous

5`U

R'u3 q3TJ

3h. 7$t$! D!Bct 'ontin$o$-is simil%$ to th. p)t)$. .$p.ct %nd is )s.d:HiK to .mh%si. th. d)$%tion op %n %ctivity th%t rill =. contin)ing =.po$. %noth.$

%ctivity o$ tim. in th. p)t)$.8- By th. tim. r. g.t hom.@ 6 i++ ha@ "n d!i@ingpo$ piv. ho)$s8

- By th. tim. r. t%". th. t.st@ r. i++ ha@ "n ta)ingJnglish po$ % y.%$8

HiiK rith v.$=s li". Mro$"Q@ Mt.%chQ@ Mliv.Q@ Mst)dyQ in l%c. op th. p)t)$. .$p.ct8- By th. .nd op th. y.%$@ sh. i++ ha@ "n o!)ingh.$. po$ tr.nty y.%$s8

o! - By th. .nd op th. y.%$@ sh. i++ ha@ o!)d h.$. po$ tr.nty y.%$s8

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J%ch dipp.$.nt t.ns. po$m in Jnglish h%s % dipp.$.nt m.%ning8 3h. ch%$t =.lor s)mm%$i.sth.s. v.$= t.ns. m.%nings8

3J5uJ q`T9 3J5uJ 9J'5652uiml. $.s.nt : J\$.ss.s %n .v.nt o$ sit)%tion th%t .\ists nor o$ th%t

u'@ 'U'u@ o$ `q3J5 .\ists8- b. %lr%ys at-dinn.$ %t A ho)$s8

- U%t.$ "oi+-%t Aee d.g$..s c.ntig$%d.8

uiml. %st : J\$.ss.s %n .v.nt o$ sit)%tion th%t =.g%n %nd .nd.d inth. %st8- b. atdinn.$ l%st night %t A:>e ho)$s8

uiml. p)t)$. : J\$.ss.s %n .v.nt o$ sit)%tion th%t rill h%.n %t on.%$tic)l%$ tim. in th. p)t)$.8- b. i++ atdinn.$ tomo$$or %t A:>e ho)$s8

3h. contin)o)s t.ns.s : 2iv. th. id.% th%t %n .v.nt o$ sit)%tion is in $og$.ssd)$ing % %$tic)l%$ tim.8- Uhil. h. a- ating@ th. doo$=.ll $%ng8

3h. .$p.ct t.ns.s 2iv. th. id.% th%t on. .v.nt h%.ns o$ h%.n.d =.po$.%noth.$ tim. o$ .v.nt8- b. had atn=.po$. sh. %$$iv.d8

3h. m.%ning op % t.ns. )s.d in %n Jnglish s.nt.nc. m)st %g$.. rith th. tim. m.%ning opth. $.st op th. s.nt.nc.8 3h. tim. m.%ning op % s.nt.nc. is opt.n d.t.$min.d =y ro$ds o$.\$.ssions th%t %ct %s 369J 9'TJTu8 uom. op th. most common Jnglish tim. m%$".$s%$. :

u65PJ `pt.n )s.d rith th. .$p.ct t.ns.s I to indic%t. % %$tic)l%$ tim.8

q`T `pt.n )s.d rith th. .$p.ct t.ns.s o$ th. siml. t.ns.s I to indic%t. %d)$%tion op tim.8

J3 `pt.n )s.d rith th. .$p.ct t.ns.s I in n.g%tiv. m.%nings %nd in/).stions8

'TJ'N `pt.n )s.d rith th. .$p.ct t.ns.s I in %ppi$m%tiv. m.%nings8

Ju3JTN' `pt.n )s.d rith th. %st t.ns.s

3`N' `pt.n )s.d rith th. $.s.nt t.ns.s

3`9`TT`U `pt.n )s.d rith th. p)t)$. t.ns.s o$ rith th. $.s.nt contin)o)st.ns. rh.n it $.p.$s to th. p)t)$.8

NT652 `pt.n )s.d rith th. siml. %nd contin)o)s t.ns.s to shor % d)$%tionop tim.8 5ot )s)%lly )s.d rith th. .$p.ct t.ns.s8

`DJT 3bJ R'u3qJU

`pt.n )s.d rith th. $.s.nt .$p.ct t.ns. to indic%t. tim. st%$ting inth. %st %nd contin)ing to th. $.s.nt8

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u' `pt.n )s.d rith th. siml. t.ns.s to indic%t. h%=it)%l %ctions8

5`U `pt.n )s.d rith th. $.s.nt contin)o)s t.ns.8

Verb Tense Forms

3h. Jnglish v.$= h%s piv. $inci%l %$ts8 3h.s. $inci%l %$ts %$. )s.d in po$ming Jnglishv.$= t.ns.s8 3h. $inci%l %$ts op som. Jnglish v.$=s %$. giv.n in th. ch%$t =.lor :

RT65P6R' R'T3u `q u`9J J526ub DJTBu

*as ;o6m P6snt P6sntPa6ticip


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u DFollow the steps below to form passive sentences:

A8 Ph%ng. th. di$.ct o=.ct op %n %ctiv. s.nt.nc. into th. s)=.ct op % %ssiv. s.nt.nc.C8 Ph%ng. th. v.$= to incl)d. % po$m op BJ %nd th. %st %$ticil. op th. %ctiv. v.$=

%nd>8 N.l.t. th. %ctiv. s.nt.nc. s)=.ct o$ l%c. it %pt.$ th. $.osition B8

C8 P`5N636`5' uJ53J5PJu

C8A8 U. c%n )s. 6q rith m%ny dipp.$.nt st$)ct)$.s8 b.$. %$. th. most common:C8A8A8 `.n $.s.nt o$ p)t)$. condition%ls :

=7 F p!-nt -imp+ F i++ F inBiniti@

- 6p h. as=sm.@ 68 n$.%l %st condition%ls

=7 F pa-t p!Bct F o$+d ha@ F pa-t pa!ticip+

- 6p h. hadas=dm. 6>ou8A8 N%nh ng tS v ng tS ng)y+n th# H2JT5Nu '5N 65q65636DJu K>8A8A8 2.$)nds %nd inpinitiv.s occ)$ in m%ny Jnglish s.nt.nc.s8 6npinitiv.s c%n p)nction %sno)ns@ %dv.$=s@ %nd %d.ctiv.s8 2.$)nds p)nction only %s no)ns8

- umiling is good po$ yo)8

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2.$)nd Hno)nK- o) li". to smil.8 6npinitiv. Hno)nK- 3h. thing to do is to %ss th. .\%m8 6npinitiv. H%d.ctiv.K 6npinitiv. Hcoml.m.ntK- b. $%n to m..t h.$8 6npinitiv. H%dv.$=K

>8A8C8 'ltho)gh =oth g.$)nds %nd inpinitiv.s c%n p)nction %s s)=.cts@ o=.cts@ %ndcoml.m.nts in Jnglish s.nt.nc.s@ inpinitiv.s c%nnot p)nction %s o=.cts op $.ositions8`nly g.$)nds c%n p)nction %s o=.cts op $.ositions8

Po$$.ct : 3od%ys r.%th.$ is .$p.ct po$ srimming86nco$$.ct : V 3od%ys r.%th.$ is .$p.ct po$ to srim8

>8A8>8 Uhil. som. v.$=s c%n =. pollor.d =y .ith.$ g.$)nds o$ inpinitiv.s@ oth.$s c%nnot =.pollor.d =y =oth po$ms8

Po$$.ct : 6 .noy .%ting86nco$$.ct : V 6 .noy to .%t8

>8A88 2.$)nds %nd inpinitiv.s th%t com. p$om int$%nsitiv.s v.$=s Hv.$=s th%t h%v. o=.ctsKc%n =. pollor.d =y o=.cts no)ns c%nnot8

Po$$.ct : Pont.ml%ting lip. is % p%vo)$it. h)m%n %stim.8 2.$)nd 5o)n o=.ct

6nco$$.ct : V 3h. cont.ml%tion lip. is % p%vo)$it. h)m%n %stim.8 5o)n 5o)n o=.ct

>8A8F8 uom. %d.ctiv.s c%n =. pollor.d =y inpinitiv.s8 3h.s. %d.ctiv.s )s)%lly d.sc$i=. %.$son@ not % thing@ %nd opt.n .\$.ss p..lings o$ %ttit)d.s8 3h.s. %d.ctiv.s %$. notno$m%lly pollor.d =y g.$)nds8

Po$$.ct : 6 r%s s%d to l.%$n th%t h. h%d gon.86nco$$.ct : V 6 r%s s%d l.%$ning th%t h. h%d gon.8

>8C8 The erun"is th. v.$= ing po$m )s.d %s % no)n8 6t c%n p)nction %s % s)=.ct@ s)=.ct op

% coml.m.nt@ o=.ct@ o=.ct op % $.osition8- G!iting.ss%ys in Jnglish $./)i$.s $%ctic.8 Hs)=.ctK- 9y ho==y is co++ctingst%ms8 Hs)=.ct op % coml.m.ntK- 6 li". Bi-hing8 Ho=.ctK- uh. is %p$%id op a+)ing%lon. %t night8 Ho=.ct op % $.ositionK

RTJRù636`5u

5`5u RTJRù636`5u

'NJP36DJu RTJRù636`5u4A-+3B

DJTBu RTJRù636`5u

6N6`9u RTJRù636`5u

DJTBu

/C5 46unds as su#Dcts6p % s.nt.nc. =.gins rith % g.$)nd Hv.$= ingK th. v.$= in th. s.nt.nc. m)st =.

sing)l%$: - Uo$$ying is not going to h.l8

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15/24


- U%l"ing h%s =.com. % o)l%$ so$t $.c.ntly8

/E5 46unds a;t6 p6positionsJv.$y tim. % $.osition is pollor.d =y % v.$=@ th. v.$= is in th. g.$)nd po$m8

- B.po$. going to th. )niv.$sity@ h. sto.d =y %t his p$i.nds8- By list.ning c%$.p)lly@ h. /)ic"ly ic".d ) th. l%ng)%g.8

/F5 46und a;t6 c6tain nouns G p6positions83h. polloring is som. no)ns $.ositions rhich t%". th. g.$)nd:

choic. op .\c)s. po$ $.%son po$ossi=ility op int.ntion op

- 6 do not h%v. th. slight.st int.ntion op ro$"ing this r..".nd8- uh. h%s no .\c)s. po$ =.h%ving in th%t m%nn.$8

/H5 46und a;t6 c6tain adDctivs G p6positions&3h. polloring is som. %d.ctiv.s $.ositions rhich t%". th. g.$)nd:

%cc)stom.d to pond op s)cc.ssp)l in%p$%id op ti$.d op c%%=l. opint.$.st.d in good %t

- uh. is pond op ro$"ing rith %nim%ls8- 6 %m int.$.st.d in $.%ding th%t %$ticl.8

/I5 46und a;t6 c6tain v6#s G p6positions&3h. polloring is som. v.$=s $.ositions rhich t%". th. g.$)nd:

%$ov. op ro$$y %=o)t thin" %=o)tinsist on d..nd on co)nt ons)cc..d in thin" op $.ly on

- b. s)cc..d.d in g.tting th. o=8- 6 insist on s..ing th. m%n%g.$8

/J5 46und a;t6 c6tain idioms&3h. polloring is som. %d.ctiv.s $.ositions rhich t%". th. g.$)nd:

loo" po$r%$d to t%". to 6ts no )s. c%nt st%nd 6ts ro$th c%nt $.sist 6ts not ro$th c%nt h.l

- U. %$. loo"ing po$r%$d to s..ing yo) soon8- 6ts not ro$th going th.$. nor@ its too l%t.8

/K5 46und a;t6 c6tain v6#s&3h. polloring is % list op v.$=s rhich t%". th. g.$)nd:

%$.ci%t. %void consid.$ d.l%y d.t.st disli"..noy .sc%. .\c)s. po$giv. giv. ) go on".. on m.ntion miss %$don $%ctic. )t opp

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tol.$%t. s)gg.st )nd.$st%nd

d.ny oston. $is"

mind $.comm.nd

pinish $.v.nt %dmit d.p.$

im%gin. $.s.nt /)it disc)ss $.g$.t $.coll.ct

- 6 miss s..ing my p$i.nd8

- b. oston.d going to th. d.ntist =.c%)s. op his t.st8

/K5 46und o6 @n;initiv a;t6 c6tain v6#s&3h. polloring is % list op v.$=s rhich c%n t%". .ith.$ th. g.$)nd o$ th. inpinitiv.:

%dvis. %g$.. %llor %tt.mt =.gin contin).disli". d$.%d po$g.t h%t. int.nd l.%v.li". lov. m.%n n.gl.ct .$mit l%n$.p.$ $oos. $.g$.t $.m.m=.$ st%$t stost)dy t$y

- U. t$i.d t.lling h.$ not to do it8o! - U. t$i.d to t.ll h.$ not to do it8

- 6t =.g%n $%ining )st %s r. r.nt o)t8o! - 6t =.g%n to $%in )st %s r. r.nt o)t8

8 9`N'u '5N 9`N'-6J DJTBu Hng tS chz t?nh th6 888K9%ny Jnglish s.nt.nc.s cont%in mod%ls %nd mod%l-li". v.$=s8 9od%l-li". v.$=s h%v. simil%$m.%nings to mod%ls@ =)t th.y h%v. dipp.$.nt po$ms8

9`N'u 9`N'-6J DJTBumamightcan =. %=l. tocou


17/24


- U. can -th. l%". p$om o)$ =.d$oom rindor8- 'anyo) -pa)%ny po$.ign l%ng)%g.s- 6 can com%nd s.. yo) tomo$$or ip yo) li".8

8A8C8 /*5 a#8 Both c%n %nd co)ld %$. )s.d to .\$.ss !I$-t-8 Po)ld is % littl. mo$. olit.:- 'an6 ha@% gl%ss op r%t.$@ l.%s.- 'o$+dyo) opnth. doo$ po$ m.@ l.%s.

8A88 )ouas a#


18/24


- 9%y 6 h%v. % gl%ss op r%t.$@ l.%s.

58 B8 V mais occ%sion%lly )s.d in po$m%l Jnglish to m.%n to =. %llor.d to :- 2).sts maC "!ingh)s=%nds op riv.s ip th.y rish8

M ma%nd might%$. )s)%lly )s.d in /).stion po$m only rith =o$ 8 `th.$ .$sons mo$.opt.n )s. th. ositiv. rith No yo) thin" :

- b. might =. l%t.8 No yo) thin" h. might =. l%t.V 3h. n.g%tiv. op m%y is ma not8

might is might not o$ mightnt8

8>8 9u3 f b'DJ 3`8>8A8 U. )s. must%nd hav toto s%y th%t it is n.c.ss%$y to do som.thing8 uom.tim.s itdo.snt m%tt.$ rhich yo) )s.8

- `h@ it is l%t.$ th%n 6 tho)ght8 6 m$-t go8 o! 6 ha@ to go8V B)t th.$. is % dipp.$.nc. =.tr..n must%nd hav to%nd som.tim.s it is imo$t%nt8

Nustis .$son%l8 U. )s. mustrh.n r. giv.o)$ .$son%l p..lings8o) m$-tdo som.thing 6 Hth. s.%".$K s%y itis n.c.ss%$y:

uh.s $.%lly nic. .$son8 o) m$-t mth.$8 H 6 s%y this is n.c.ss%$yK8

6 h%v.nt hon.d %n po$ %g.s8 6 m$-tphonh.$ tonight8

Pom%$.:- 6 m$-tg.t ) .%$ly tomo$$or8 3h.$. %$. % lot opthings 6 r%nt to do8

8av to is im.$son%l8 U. )s. h%v. to po$Bact-@ not po$ o)$ .$son%l p..lings8o) h%v. to do som.thing =.c%)s. op % $)l. o$th. sit)%tion8

o) c%nt $)n $ight h.$.8 o) ha@ tot$!nl.pt8 H=.c%)s. op th. t$%ppic syst.mK

9y .y.sight isnt v.$y good8 6 ha@ toa!gl%ss.s po$ $.%ding8

3m c%nt com. o)t rith )s this.v.ning8 b. ha- toro$"8

- 6 ha@ tog.t ) .%$ly tomo$$or8 6m going%r%y %nd my t$%in l.%v.s %t ~8>e8

8>8C8 U. c%n )s. mustto t%l" %=o)t th. $.s.nt o$ th. p)t)$.@ =)t not th. %st8- U. m$-t gonor8- U. m$-t gotomo$$or8 H"$t notMU. m)st go y.st.$d%yK8

8>8>8 U. c%n )s. h%v. to in %ll po$ms8 qo$ .\%ml.:- 6 had to goto hosit%l8 Hpa-tK8- Ja@yo) .v.$ had to goto hosit%l Hp!-nt p!BctK8- 6 might ha@ to goto hosit%l8 HinBiniti@%pt.$ mightK8

8>88 6n /).stions %nd n.g%tiv. s.nt.nc.s rith hav to@ r. no$m%lly )s. doLdosLdid8- Uh%t do 6 h%v. to do to g.t % d$iving lic.nc.- Uhy did yo) h%v. to go to hosit%l

- 5%m do.snt h%v. to ro$" on u%t)$d%ys83&*& 9)stnt %nd dont h%v. to %$. coml.t.ly dipp.$.nt8

o) m)stnt do som.thing it is n.c.ss%$yth%t yo) do notdo it Hso@ dont do itK

o) dont h%v. to do som.thing yo) dontn..d to do it H=)t yo) c%n ip yo) r%ntK

88 U6fU`N I ub'fub`N

88A8>i


19/24


V U. )s.>iI not %pt.$ oth.$ .$sons8

- 6 i++>-ha++=. tr.nty-piv. n.\t ')g)st8 5`3 : V5%m sh%ll =. tr.nty-piv. 8- U. -ho$+d>o$+dli". to m..t yo)$ p%mily8 5`3 : V 9y p$i.nd sho)ld li".

888 `th.$ m.%nings op U6 %nd U`N:

U. c%n )s. U6 po$ % d.cision o$ %n opp.$:N.cision : - 3.% o$ copp.. 6 i++ h%v. copp..@ l.%s.8`pp.$: - 6++r%it po$ yo) ip yo) li".8

88F8 U. )s. U6 %nd U`N in th. n.g%tiv. po$ $.p)s%l:- 3h.y ront go =%c" to ro$" )ntil th.y g.t % r%g. inc$.%s.8- 3h. ".y go.s in th. loc"@ =)t it ront t)$n8

V 6 ront .\$.ss.s % st$ong $.p)s%l8- 6 ront list.n to %ny mo$. op this nons.ns.8

88~8 ub' %nd ub`N U. )s. ,ha++ = po$ opp.$s %nd ,ha++ po$ s)gg.stions:

`pp.$ : -Shall &r%it po$ yo) `h@ th%n" yo)8u)gg.stion: -Shall wego to th. %$" 2ood id.%8

U. )s. -ho$+dto s%y rh%t is th. $ight thing o$ th. =.st thing to do :- R.ol. sho)ld .\.$cis. $.g)l%$ly8- o) sho)ldnt s.nd %ll yo)$ r%g.s %s soon %s yo) g.t th.m8

U. )s. .ith.$ sh%ll o$ sho)ld to %s" po$ %dvic.:- 6 %m in t.$$i=l. t$o)=l.8 Uh%t -ha++>-ho$+d6 do- Uh%t -ha++r. h%v. po$ dinn.$

888 9od%ls %nd mod%l-li". v.$=s )s.d in %ssiv. s.nt.nc.s %$. pollor.d =y BJ %nd th.%st %$ticil. op th. m%in v.$=8 3h.s. po$ms %$. c%ll.d mod%l %ssiv.s8

- 3h. m%n co)ld =. id.ntipi.d rith his %sso$t8- 3h. m%n r%s %=l. to =. id.ntipi.d rith his %sso$t8

F8 N6TJP3 '5N 65N6TJP3 HTJR`T3JNK uRJJPb

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F8A8 Uh.n r. r%nt to $.o$t rh%t som.on. s%id@ r. c%n )s. Mdi$.ct s..ch o$ $.o$t.ds..ch86n di$.ct s..ch@ r. giv. th. .\%ct ro$ds th%t th. .$son s%id@ %nd r. )s. /)ot%tion m%$"H 88 o$ M 88 M K

- Ni$.ct s..ch : 5%m s%id M 6m h)ng$yQ86n $.o$t.d s..ch@ r. ch%ng. som. op th. ro$ds th%t th. .$son s%id %nd r. do not )s./)ot%tion m%$"s8

- T.o$t.d s..ch : 5%m s%id Hth%tK h. r%s h)ng$y8 `T : 5%m s%ys Hth%tK h.sh)ng$y8

F8C8 u' %nd 3J

'pt.$ 3J r. no$m%lly )s. % .$son%l o=.ct H .8g8 5%m@ m.@ )s K to s%y rho istold8U. no$m%lly )s. u' ritho)t % .$son%l o=.ct8 Pom%$. :

u' som.thing 3J som.on. som.thing

- 6 said6 r%s going hom.8 - 6to8A80nss :%8 Uh.n th. $.o$ting v.$= is in th. %st H.8g8 h. s%id@ yo) told m. K@ th. t.ns. in $.o$t.ds..ch no$m%lly mov.s =%c" :

D.$=s in th. $.s.nt ch%ng. into th. %st8

uRJ'JTu U`TN

6m going hom.8 6 r%nt to sto8 6 dont li". t.%8 5%m h%s pinish.d his.\.$cis.s8

TJR`T3JN uRJJPb

b. s%id h. r%s gong hom.8o) told m. yo) r%nt.d to sto8uh. s%id sh. didnt li". t.%o) s%id th%t 5%m h%d pinish.d his .\.$cis.s8

D.$=s %l$.%dy in th. %st@ ch%ng. into th. %st .$p.ct o$ th.y do not ch%ng.8

6 so". to th.m8

U. %$$iv.d l%t.8

6 s%id 6 h%d so".n to th.m8f6 s%id 6 so". to th.m83h.y s%id th.y h%d %$$iv.d l%t.8f3h.y s%id th.y %$$iv.d l%t.8

D.$=s %l$.%dy in th. %st .$p.ct@ do not ch%ng.8

6 h%d s..n th. pilm =.po$.8 6 told yo) 6 h%d s..n th. pilm =.po$.8

9od%l D.$=s

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5ot. th. %st po$ms op th.s. mod%l v.$=s :c%n co)ld rill ro)ld sh%ll sho)ld m%y might 8

uRJ'JTu U`TN

6 c%n srim8 6 rill =. %t hom.8 U. m%y go =y t$%in8

TJR`T3JN uRJJPb

b. s%id h. co)ld srim8uh. s%id sh. ro)ld =. %t hom.83h.y told m. th.y might go =y t$%in8

3h. %st mod%ls co$+d; o$+d; -ho$+d %nd mightdo not ch%ng. in $.o$t.d s..ch8

o) co)ld =. $ight8 o) sho)ld s.. th. pilm8

b. s%id yo) co)ld =. $ight83h.y told m. 6 sho)ld s.. th. pilm8

2$-t.ith.$ do.s not ch%ng. o$ it t%".s th. %st po$m Hop ha@ toK had to8

6 m)st go b. s%id h. m)st go8f b. s%id h. h%d to go8

=8 U. do not %lr%ys ch%ng. th. t.ns.s in $.o$t.d s..ch rh.n r. )s. % %st $.o$tingv.$=8 6p r. $.o$t som.thing th%t is still t$). nor@ r. som.tim.s )s. th. s%m. t.ns. %sth. s.%".$8

uRJ'JTu U`TN

3h. o)l%tion op bP9 Pityis %$o)nd po)$ million8 6 liv. in b%noi8

TJR`T3JN uRJJPb

b. s%id th%t th. o)l%tion op bP9 Pity is%$o)nd po)$ million8uh. told m. th%t sh. liv.s in b%noi8

B)t .v.n rh.n som.thing is still t$).@ r. opt.n ch%ng. th. t.ns. in $.o$t.d s..ch8- b. s%id th%t th. o)l%tion op bP9 Pity was%$o)nd po)$ million8

U. %lr%ys ch%ng. th. t.ns. rh.n th.$. is % dipp.$.nc. =.tr..n rh%t r%s s%id %nd rh%tis $.%lly t$).8

- uh. s%id th%t sh. r%s CF y.%$s old@ =)t in p%ct sh.s only Ce8

F8>8C8 P6onouns! adDctivs! adv6#s! tc%8 R$ono)ns H.8g8 6@ m. K %nd oss.ssiv. %d.ctiv.s .8g8 my@ yo)$ 88 K opt.n ch%ng. in$.o$t.d s..ch8 Pom%$. :

- Ni$.ct s..ch: %n s%id@ 6m on holid%y rith m%p$i.nd8- T.o$t.d s..ch : %n s%id Hth%tK sh. r%s on holid%y rith herp$i.nd8

=8 R.ol. )s. ro$ds li". h.$.@ nor@ tod%y@ to t%l" %=o)t th. l%c. rh.$. th.y %$.s.%"ing %nd th. tim. th.y %$. s.%"ing8 6p r. $.o$t thos. ro$ds in % dipp.$.nt l%c. o$ %t %dipp.$.nt tim.@ th.y opt.n ch%ng.8 qo$ .\%ml. :

uRJ'JTu U`TN

h.$.thisnortod%ytonighttomo$$ory.st.$d%yn.\t 9ond%yl%st 9ond%yth. d%y %pt.$ tomo$$or

TJR`T3JN uRJJPb

th.$.th%tfth.th.nth%t d%yth%t nightth. n.\t d%yf th. polloring d%yth. d%y =.po$.f th. $.vio)s d%yth. polloring 9ond%yth. $.vio)s 9ond%yin tro d%ys tim.

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%go =.po$. f $.vio)sly

Pom%$. :- 6 s.. him h.$. tod%y8 - uh. s%id sh. s%r him th.$. th%t d%y8

- 6ll s.. yo) tomo$$or8 - b. s%id h. ro)ld s.. m. th. n.\t d%y83h%t

U. opt.n )s. 3b'3 to oin % $.o$t.d cl%)s. to th. $.st op th. s.nt.nc.86 s%id th%t 6 r%s p..ling ti$.d8o) told m. th%t yo) ro)ld =. c%$.p)l8

'pt.$ u' %nd 3J H .$son K@ r. opt.n l.%v. o)t th%t@ .s.ci%lly in %n inpo$m%l styl.86 s%id 6 r%s p..ling ti$.d8o) told m. yo) ro)ld =. c%$.p)l8

F88 TJR`T3JN Ju36`5uF88A8 3.ns.s@ %d.ctiv.s@ $ono)ns@ .tc in $.o$t.d /).stions ch%ng. in th. s%m. r%y %s in

$.o$t.d st%t.m.nts8

uRJ'JTu U`TN

Uh%t %$. yo) doing bor is yo)$ =$oth.$

TJR`T3JN Ju36`5

3h. t.%ch.$ %s".d th. st)d.nts rh%t th.y r.$.doing8uh. %s".d hor my =$oth.$ r%s8

6n $.o$t.d /).stions@ th. ro$d o$d.$ is th. s%m. %s in st%t.m.nts H.8g8 th.y r.$. doing@ my=$oth.$ r%sK @ %nd r. do not )s. % /).stion m%$" H K 8

F88C8 6n $.o$t.d /).stions@ r. do not )s. th. %)\ili%$y v.$= N` H N`@ N`Ju@ o$ N6NK8

uRJ'JTu U`TN Uh%t do yo) r%nt Uh.$. do.s sh. liv. Uhy did yo) s%y th%t

TJR`T3JN Ju36`56 %s".d rh%t sh. r%nt.d83h.y %s".d rh.$. h. liv.d8b. %s".d rhy 6 s%id th%t8

F88>8 Uh.n th.$. is no /).stion ro$d H.8g8 rh%t@ rh.$.@ rhy K r. c%n )s. 6q o$UbJ3bJT to int$od)c. % $.o$t.d /).stion8

uRJ'JTu U`TN

'$. yo) cold

No yo) r%nt % d$in" P%n yo) s.%" q$.nch

TJR`T3JN Ju36`5

6 %s".d ip h. %s cold8

uh. %s".d ip 6 r%nt.d % d$in"83h.y r%nt.d to "nor rh.th.$ 6 co)ld s.%"q$.nch88

F888 'pt.$ 'u@ r. opt.n )s. %n o=.ct H.8g8 5%m@ m.@ K to s%y rho r%s %s".d8

F8F8 u652 3bJ TK - 65q65636DJ 65 TJR`T3JN uRJJPb

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23/24


F8F8A8 U. opt.n $.o$t o$d.$s@ $./).sts@ r%$nings@ %dvic. %nd invit%tions )sing th. st$)ct)$.DJTB `BJP3 TKI 65q65636DJ 8

uRJ'JTu U`TN

2.t o)t op my $oom8 Po)ld yo) c%$$y som. =%gs@ 5%m ut%y %r%y p$om m. 8 o) sho)ld hon. th. olic.8 Uo)ld yo) li". to h%v. dinn.$ rith )s

TJR`T3JN Ju36`5

uh. told th. m%n to g.t o)t op h.$ $oom86 %s".d 5%m to c%$$y som. =%gs8b. r%$n.d th.m to st%y %r%y p$om him8uh. %dvis.d him to hon. th. olic.83h.y invit.d m. to h%v. dinn.$ rith th.m8

F8F8C8 U. opt.n $.o$t opp.$s@ $omis.s %nd th$.%ts )sing th. st$)ct)$.DJTB TK - 65q65636DJ

uRJ'JTu U`TN

P%n 6 h.l yo) 6ll =. c%$.p)l8 6ll hit yo)

TJR`T3JN Ju36`5

3h. rom%n opp.$.d to h.l m.8o) $omis.d to =. c%$.p)l8uh. th$.%t.n.d to hit m.8

F8F8>8 6n n.g%tiv. o$d.$s@ $omis.s@ .tc8 r. )s. NKT TK 65q65636DJ8

uRJ'JTu U`TN

Nont to)ch my c%m.$%8 6 ront =. l%t.8

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b. told m. not to to)ch his c%m.$%8o) $omis.d not to =. l%t.8

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