Hng dn gii chi titCu 1: in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng ngn xp) n khi khi lng dung dch gim i 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng nc bay hi khng ng k). Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l A. KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. C. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. n KCl = 0.1 mol, n Cu(NO3)2 = 0.15 mol 2KCl + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 + Cl2 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 mol m dd gim = 0.05 .2 + 0.05 .71 = 3.65 g < 10,75 g Cu(NO3)2 tip tc b in phn 2Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O 2Cu + 4 HNO3 + O2 x n HNO3 = 0.1775 mol, n KOH = 0.1 mol , n Cu(NO3)2 d = 0.06125 mol sau p c HNO3 , Cu(NO3)2 d , KNO3. Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y l sai? A. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn bn knh nguyn t ca flo. B. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot. C. Tnh kh ca ion ln hn tnh kh ca ion D. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl. Cu 3: t chy hon ton x gam hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v u c mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t, thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc) v y mol H2O. Biu thc lin h gia cc gi tr x, y v V l : Gii1
B. KNO3, KCl v KOH. D. KNO3 v KOH. Gii
x
2x
x/2
m dd gim = 10,75 - 3.65 = 7.1 = 64x + 16x => x = 0.08875 mol
t CTTQ ca 2 axit l CnH2n-4O4 CnH2n-4O4 + 3(n-2)/2 O2 n CO2 + ( n-2) H2O 3y/2 p dng LBTKL : m axit + m Oxi = m Cacbonic + m nc x + 48y = + 18y V = y
Cu 4: Qung st manhetit c thnh phn chnh l A. FeCO3 xiderit B. Fe2O3 hematit C. Fe3O4 manhetit D. FeS2 pirit
Cu 5: un nng m gam hn hp Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3 vi mt lng dung dch HNO3. Khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 0,75m g cht rn, dung dch X v 5,6 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm NO v NO2 (khng c sn phm kh khc ca N+5). Bit lng HNO3 phn ng l 44,1 gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 50,4. n kh = 0.25 mol; B. 40,5. Gii n axit = 0.7 mol m g hh Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3 m Cu = 0.7m , m Fe = 0.3m C1. Gi s Fe p trc KL d l Cu v m Cu = 0.7m < 0.75m Fe d 0.05 m Fe p l 0.25 m Fe + 4 HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2 H2O x y 4x 6y Fe 0.075 x y 3Fe2+ 0.225 => m Fe p = 12.6 g = 0.25m => m = 50.4 g 8x + 4y = 0.7 2x + 2y = 0.25 x = 0.05 y = 0.075 x 3y Fe + 6 HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3 NO2 + 3 H2O 4x + 6y = 0.7 x +3y = 0.25 x = 0.1 y= 0.05 C. 44,8. D. 33,6.
2Fe3+ + 0.15
=> n Fe p = 0.225 mol C2. Gi s Cu p trc
3 Cu + 8 HNO3 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4 H2O2
3x y
8x 4y
3x y 0.225 0.225 2y
2x
Cu + 4 HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2 H2O Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu 0.225 0.225 m Fe p = 0.225 .56 = 12.6 g = 0.25 m m = 50.4 g Cu 6: Hn hp X [C2H2 v H2]c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht xc tc nung nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C2H4, C2H6, C2H2 v H2. Sc Y vo dung dch brom (d) th khi lng bnh brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l A. 22,4 lt. B. 26,88 lt. Gii C2H2 : a mol H2 : a mol C2H2 H2 C2H4 C2H6 : : : : a x y mol a x 2y mol x mol y mol C2H2 + x y H2 C2H4 2x 2y x y C. 44,8 lt. D. 33,6 lt.
C2H2 + 2H2 C2H6
Khi lng bnh brom tng 10,8 g = khi lng C2H4 v C2H2 tham gia p 10,8 = 26 ( a x y ) + 28 x Thot ra 4,48 lit hh kh = V ca H2 v C2H6 n hh kh = 0,2 = a x 2y + y Hh kh H2 v C2H6 c t khi so vi H2 l 8 16 = 0,2 = a x y 10,8 = 26 ( a x y ) + 28 x C2H2 + O2 2CO2 + H2O 0,2 0,5 C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O 0,2 0,6 Mhh = 16 = a = 0,5 x = 0,2 y = 0,1 C2H6 + 0,1 2H2 0,1 O2 2CO2 + 3H2O mol
0,35 + O2 2H2O 0,05
V oxi = ( 0,5 + 0,6 + 0,35 + 0,05 ) .22,4 = 33,6 lit Cu 7: Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH 0,025M v Ca(OH)2 0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l3
A. 2,00. 0,03 mol CO2 +
B. 1,00. Gii 0,025 mol NaOH 0,0125 mol Ca(OH)2
C. 1,25. ? g CaCO3
D. 0,75.
x y
x 2y x + y = 0,03 x + 2y = 0,05 y x = 0,01 y = 0,02 >
Cu 8: Trong cc th nghim sau: (1) Cho SiO2 tc dng vi axit HF. (2) Cho kh SO2 tc dng vi kh H2S. (3) Cho kh NH3 tc dng vi CuO un nng. (4) Cho CaOCl2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c. (5) Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. (6) Cho kh O3 tc dng vi Ag. (7) Cho dung dch NH4Cl tc dng vi dung dch NaNO2 un nng. S th nghim to ra n cht l A. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. SiO2 + 4HF SO2 + 2H2S 2NH3 + 3CuO CaOCl2 + 2 HCl O3 + Ag + B. 6. Gii SiF4 + 2 H2O 3S + 2 H2O 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O C. 5. D. 4.
Si + 2NaOH + H2O Na2SiO3 + 2H2 Ag2O + O2 NaNO2 NaCl + 2H2O + N2 NH4Cl
Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:4
A. HCl, NaOH, Na2CO3. C. KCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.
B. NaOH, Na3PO4, Na2CO3. D. HCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3. Gii
Nc cng tm thi c : Ca2+, Mg2+ v HCO3 Nguyn tc lm mm nc cng : lm gim nng Ca2+, Mg2+ c trong nc Lm kt ta Ca2+, Mg2+ bng NaOH, Na3PO4, Na2CO3. Cu 10: Hp cht hu c X cha vng benzen c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Trong X, t l khi lng cc nguyn t l mC : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 8. Bit khi X phn ng hon ton vi Na th thu c s mol kh hiro bng s mol ca X phn ng. X c bao nhiu ng phn (cha vng benzen) tha mn cc tnh cht trn? A. 7. B. 9. Gii V X phn ng hon ton vi Na thu c s mol kh hiro bng s mol ca X phn ng X cha 2 nhm OH mC : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 8 = 84 : 8 : 32 = 12.7 : 1.8 : 16.2 CTPT X l C7H8O2 C. 3. D. 10.
Lu : 2 nhm OH cng gn vo 1 C th khng bn. Cu 11: S ng phn amino axit c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N l A. 1. B. 2. Gii C nhng ng phn sau : NH2CH2 CH2 COOH CH3CH(NH2) COOH Cu 12: Khi so snh NH3 vi NH4+, pht biu khng ng l: A. Phn t NH3 v ion NH4+ u cha lin kt cng ha tr. B. Trong NH3 v NH4+ nit u c s oxi ha - 3.5
C. 3.
D. 4.
C. NH3 c tnh baz, NH4+ c tnh axit. D. Trong NH3 v NH4+ nit u c cng ha tr 3. (NH4+ c cng ha tr 4)
Cu 13: Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C7H8 tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn? A. 2. C7H8 c B. 5. Gii = 4 trong phn t cha 1 vng / 4 lk i / 2 lk ba / 1 lk ba,2 lk i. CTPT kt ta : C7H8 a Aga c M = 306 7.12 + 8 a + 108a = 306 a = 2 trong phn t cha 2 lk ba u mch CTCT c th c ca C7H8 l : hept 1,6 iin 3-metyl hex 1,5 iin 3 etyl pent 1,4 iin 3,3 imetyl pent 1,4 iin Cu 14: Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit trong hp cht hu c CxHyN l 23,73%. S ng phn amin bc mt tha mn cc d kin trn l A. 3. B. 1. Gii CxHyN c %N = 23,73% = Nhng ng phn bc 1 l : 12x + y = 45 CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2 x = 3, y = 9 v C3H9N C. 4. D. 2. C. 4. D. 6.
CH3CH NH2 CH3
Cu 15: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe, Cl2, SO2, NO2, C, Al, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+ , Fe3+. S cht v ion va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh l A. 8. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6. Cu 16: Ho tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi6
M duy nht catot v 0,035 mol kh anot. Cn nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc l 0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l A. 4,788. B. 4,480. Gii 2MSO4 + 2H2O 2M + 2H2SO4 + O2 2x 2H2O 2H2 + O2 2y 2y y 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e Qu trnh trao i e xy ra anot : thi im t1 : m1 = nM = 0,07 mol 2x x C. 1,680. D. 3,920.
thi im t2 : m2 = 2a = 0,14 a = 0,07 mol x = 0,04275 y = 0,02725 MM = 64 g/mol M l Cu mol
x + y = 0,07 x + ( y + 2y ) = 0,1245
khi lng Cu thot ra thi im t : 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 0,07 0,035 mCu = 4,48 g
Cu 17: Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng? A. Thch cao nung (CaSO4.H2O). C. Vi sng (CaO). Gii Thch cao nung CaSO4.H2O : vi CaCO3 : Vi sng CaO: c tng, b bt khi gy xng. vt liu xy dng dng kh chua t Thch cao sng (CaSO4.2H2O: dng sn xut xi mng B. vi (CaCO3). D. Thch cao sng (CaSO4.2H2O).
Cu 18: Khi ni v peptit v protein, pht biu no sau y l sai? A. Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2.7
B. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit c gi l lin kt peptit. C. Thy phn hon ton protein n gin thu c cc amino axit. D. Tt c cc protein u tan trong nc to thnh dung dch keo. Gii Protein tn ti 2 dng chnh Dng hnh si : keratin ( tc, mng, sng ), micosin ( c bp), fibroin (t tm, mng nhn) : khng tan trong nc. Dng hnh cu : anbumin (lng trng trng) v hemoglobin ( mu) : tan trong nc. Cu 19: t chy hon ton x mol axit cacboxylic E, thu c y mol CO2 v z mol H2O (vi z =yx). Cho x mol E tc dng vi NaHCO3 (d) thu c y mol CO2. Tn ca E l A. axit oxalic. C. axit aipic. x mol axit cacboxylic E x mol axit cacboxylic E z =yx Th vi : B. Axit acrylic : CH2=CH-COOH C3H4O3 3CO2 + 2H2O x 3x = y 2x = z 2x = 3x x x ng v z = y x x A. axit oxalic : (COOH)2 (COOH)2 x v z = y x (COOH)2 x 2CO2 + H2O 2x = y x=z ng 2x x = 2x x 2x + O2 B. axit acrylic. D. axit fomic. Gii y mol CO2 v z mol H2O + NaHCO3 y mol CO2
s mol CO2 > s mol H2O axit E l axit khng no / axit 2 chc
CH2=CH-COOH + NaHCO3 CO2 loi B. Axit acrylic : CH2=CH-COOH
+ 2NaHCO3 2CO2
nhn A. axit oxalic : (COOH)2
Cu 20: Thy phn ht m gam tetrapeptit Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala (mch h) thu c hn hp gm 28,48 gam Ala, 32 gam Ala-Ala v 27,72 gam Ala-Ala-Ala. Gi tr ca m l A. 81,54. B. 66,44. Gii Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + H2O 2Ala-Ala 0,1 mol 0,2 mol8
C. 111,74.
D. 90,6.
Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + H2O Ala + Al-Ala-Ala 0,12 mol Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + 3H2O 0,05 mol => m = 0,27.302 = 81,54 gam. Cu 21: Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau. - Cho phn 1 vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H2 (ktc). - Cho phn 2 vo mt lng d H2O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H2 (ktc) v m gam hn hp kim loi Y. Ho tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc). Khi lng (tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l: A. 0,39; 0,54; 1,40. C. 0,39; 0,54; 0,56. 1. ( K, Al, Fe ) KOH d 2. ( K, Al, Fe ) H2O d 1. 2K H2 x y x/2 3H2 3y/2 2Al KOH d B. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56. D. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12. Gii 0,035 mol H2 0,02 mol H2 , m (g) hh KL Y HCl d 0,025 mol H2 c 2 phn Fe u khng p 2. 2K H2 x a 2Al d HCl b Fe HCl z H2 z x/2 3H2 3a/2 3H2 3b/2 2Al KOH thiu 0,12mol 4Ala 0,32 0,12 = 0,2 mol 0,12 mol
=> Tng s mol Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala = 0,1 + 0,12 + 0,05 = 0,27 mol
T 1 v 2 1. Al tan ht; 2. Al d ;
mFe = 0,56 g p n B / C Vi p n B
b = 0,01 mol
z= 0,01 mol
9
mK = 0,78 g x = 0,02 mol y = Vi p n C mK = 0,39 g x = 0,01 mol y =
mAl = 0,45 g loi B
mAl = 0,54 g chn C
Cu 22: Cho dy cc cht: NaOH, Sn(OH)2 , Pb(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 , Cr(OH)3. S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 23: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H4 v C4H4 (s mol mi cht bng nhau) thu c 0,09 mol CO2. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4 gam. Cng thc cu to ca C3H4 v C4H4 trong X ln lt l: A. CHC-CH3, CH2=C=C=CH2. C. CHC-CH3, CH2=CH-CCH. B. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=CH-CCH. D. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=C=C=CH2. Gii Hn hp ( c 9 nguyn t Cacbon ) 0,09 mol CO2 s mol mi cht trong hh = 0,01 mol CHCH 0,01 0,01 0,01
AgCCAg 0,01 0.
Cu 26: Cho cn bng ho hc: H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k); Cn bng khng b chuyn dch khi A. tng nhit ca h. C. tng nng H2. B. gim nng HI.
D. gim p sut chung ca h. Gii
V s mol hh kh trc v sau p bng nhau khi tng hay gim p sut chung ca h th cn bng khng b dch chuyn Cu 27: t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c th tch kh CO2 bng th tch hi nc (trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 0,04 mol Ag. X l A. anehit no, mch h, hai chc. C. anehit axetic. B. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc. D. anehit fomic. Gii Ch c 1 mol Andehit fomic 4 mol Ag; m HCHO CO2 + H2O Thy th tch CO2 = th tch H2O Andehit cn tm l anehit fomic. Cu 28: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi xenluloz (hiu sut phn ng 60% tnh theo xenluloz). Nu dng 2 tn xenluloz th khi lng xenluloz trinitrat iu ch c l11
A. 2,20 tn. ( C6H10O5 )n 162 2 tn
B. 1,10 tn. Gii [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n 297 m=
C. 2,97 tn. H = 60%
D. 3,67 tn.
Cu 29: Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp? A. Trng hp metyl metacrylat. B. Trng hp vinyl xianua. C. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic. D. Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic. iu ch thy tinh hu c T nitron hay t olon. T Nilon 6,6 T Nilon 6 hay t capron
Cu 30: Trung ho 3,88 gam hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h bng dung dch NaOH, c cn ton b dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5,2 gam mui khan. Nu t chy hon ton 3,88 gam X th th tch oxi (ktc) cn dng l A. 2,24 lt. B. 4,48 lt. Gii V axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h nn c CTTQ l CnH2nO2 CnH2nO2 CnH2n 1 O2Na M 3,88 g M + 22 5,2 g C. 1,12 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
n axit = (5,2 3,88) : 22 = 0,06 mol CnH2nO2 + 1 0,06 2,5 0,15 mol O2 n CO2 + n H2O
Voxi = 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 lit
Cu 31: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm 20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2) n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
12
c mt cht rn duy nht v hn hp kh Y c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N2, 14% SO2, cn li l O2. Phn trm khi lng ca FeS trong hn hp X l A. 59,46%. m (g) FeS FeS2 B. 42,31%. Gii + 80% N2 20% O2 Fe2O3 + 84,8 % N2 14 % SO2 1,2% O2 C. 26,83%. D. 19,64%.
Gi s s mol khng kh em p l 1 mol
Vy trong 1 mol hh kh trc p cha 80% mol N2 84,8 % mol N2 c trong 50/53 mol hh kh sau p s mol SO2 c trong 50/53 mol hh kh sau p l : 7/53 mol 4x 4y hh kh = 3/53 mol 7x 11y 3x + 3y = 3/53 4x + 8y = 7/53 m FeS = 88/53 g = 360/53 g % FeS = 19,64 % v % FeS2 = 80,36 % 2x 2y 4x 8y x = 1/212 y = 3/212 s mol oxi gim 3x + 3y mol mol 4FeS + 7 O2 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2 4FeS2 + 11 O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Cu 32: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch gm HNO3 0,6M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton (sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c cn cn thn ton b dung dch sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l A. 19,76 g. B. 22,56 g. Gii 0,12 mol Cu + HNO3 0,12 B : 0,12 0,12 mol HNO3 0,10 mol H2SO4 NO 2H+ + 0,2 0,1 C. 20,16 g. D. 19,20 g.
H+ + 0,12 0,32 0,12 0,12 0
H2SO4 0,1
3Cu + 8H+ + 2
3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O13
P : 0,12 D : 0
0,32 0
0,08 0,04
0,12 0,12
mmui = m kl + m gc axit = 0,12. 64 + 0,04 .62 + 0,1. 96 = 19,76 g Cu 33: Cho dy cc cht: phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m-crezol, ancol benzylic, natri phenolat, anlyl clorua. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long, un nng l A. 5. B. 3. Gii C6H5NH3Cl + NaOH C6H5NH2 + NaCl + H2O C6H5CH2Cl + NaOH C6H5CH2OH + Na Cl CH3 CH Cl + NaOH CH3 CH OH + NaCl CH3 CH3 m CH3C6H4OH + NaOH CH3 C6H4ONa + H2O C6H5CH2OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + NaOH CH2=CH CH2 Cl + NaOH CH2=CH CH2 OH + NaCl Cu 34: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO3 (d) th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v y mol H2O. Gi tr ca y l A. 0,2. B. 0,3. Gii CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa x HCOOH + NaHCO3 HCOONa y z C2H4O2 + 2O2 2CO2 + 2H2O x 2x 2x 2x14
C. 4.
D. 6.
C. 0,6. + CO2 x + CO2 y 2z x+y + 2z = 0,7 2x + y/2 + z/2 = 0,4 2x +y + 2z = 0,8 + H2O + H2O
D. 0,8.
(COOH)2 + 2NaHCO3 (COONa )2 + 2CO2 + 2H2O x = 0,1 y = 0,2 z = 0,2
= 0,6 mol
2CH2O2 + O2 2CO2 + 2H2O y z y/2 z/2 y 2z y z 2C2H2O4 + O2 4CO2 + 2H2O
Cu 35: Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,32 gam cht rn v c 448 ml kh (ktc) thot ra. Thm tip vo bnh 0,425 gam NaNO3, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh v khi lng mui trong dung dch l A. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam. C. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam. B. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam. D. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam. Gii 0,87 (g) [Fe, Cu, Al] + 0,03 mol H2SO4 0,02 mol H2 v 0,32 g c.rn Sp + 0,005 mol NaNO3 ? lit NO H2SO4 H2 B : 0,03 P: 0,02 D : 0,01 0,02 0,02 0 mol mCu = 0,32 g nCu = 0,005 mol
[Fe, Al] p ht, Cu d. H2SO4 2H+ + 0,01 Fe H2 x x 0,02 0,01 mol 2Al 3H2 y 3y/2
56x + 27y = 0,87 0,32 x + 3y/2 = 0,02 NaNO3 Na+ + 0,005 3Cu 0,005 + 8H + 0,02 0,005
x = 0,005 y = 0,01
mol
mol 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4 H2O
+ 2
B : 0,005
0,00515
P:
0,005
1/75 1/150 + 1/150 1/150 0
1/300 1/600 1/600 1/600 0
1/300 1/300
D : 0 B : 0,005 P: 0,005 D : 0
3Fe2+ + 4H+
3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O 1/600 1/600
mmui = m kl + m gc axit = 0,87 + 0,03. 96 + 0,005 . 23 + 0,005 . 64 = 3,865 g VNO = 22,4 . ( 1/300 + 1/600 ) = 0,112 lit Cu 36: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th canxi cc nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt l A. 0,185 nm. B. 0,196 nm. Gii Khi lng 1 nguyn t Ca l 40 g/mol, dCa = 1,55 g/cm3 Th tch ca 1 mol nguyn t Ca (phn c): C. 0,155 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
1 mol nguyn t cha V cc nguyn t Ca hnh cu
nguyn t
Cu 37: t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic, ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 ban u thay i nh th no? A. Gim 7,38 gam. C. Tng 7,92 gam. B. Tng 2,70 gam. D. Gim 7,74 gam. Gii 3,42 g A + O2 sp + Ca(OH)2 d 18g kt ta CH2=CH COOH16
Hh A gm CH3 COO CH = CH2 CH2=CH COO CH3 CH3 [CH2]7 CH = CH [CH2]7 COOH V hh A gm cc axit v este c 1 ni i CTTQ ca A l : CnH2n-2O2
CnH2n-2O2 14n + 30 3,42 n=6
+
O2 n CO2 + (n 1) H2O n 0,18 n1
m dd gim =
Cu 38: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau: (1) Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2. (2) Cho dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]). (3) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. (4) Sc kh NH3 ti d vo dung dch AlCl3. (5) Sc kh CO2 ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]). (6) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta? A. 6. (1) (2) B. 3. Gii 2NaOH + Ca(HCO3)2 Na2CO3+ CaCO3 + H2O 4HCl + NaAlO2 NaCl + AlCl3 + 2H2O 4HCl + Na[Al(OH)4] NaCl + AlCl3 + 4H2O (4) (5) 3NH3 + AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 CO2 + CO2 + (6) + 3NH4Cl C. 5. D. 4.
NaAlO2 + 2H2O NaHCO3 + Al(OH)3 Na[Al(OH)4] NaHCO3 + Al(OH)3 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CH2OH CH2OH + 2KOH + 2MnO2
2CH2=CH2 +
17
Cu 39: Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t este, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 17,5. nNaOH = 0,25 mol V Este X c to thnh t CH2OH CH2OH v hai axit cacboxylic n chc Este c dng : R COO CH2 CH2 OCO R V C O = 1 CTCT ca este : : CH3 COO CH2 CH2 OCOH B. 14,5. Gii C. 15,5. D. 16,5.
CH3COOCH2CH2OCOH + 2NaOH CH3COONa+CH2OHCH2OH + HCOONa 0,125 m este = 0,125 . 132 = 16,5 g Cu 40: Cho axit salixylic (axit o-hiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhirit axetic, thu c axit axetylsalixylic (o-CH3COO-C6H4-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn ng hon ton vi 43,2 gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,72. naspirin = 0,24 mol o-CH3COO-C6H4-COOH + KOH CH3COOK + o-HO-C6H4-COOH o-HO-C6H4-COOH + KOH o-KO-C6H4-COOH+ KOH o-KO-C6H4-COOH + H2O o-KO-C6H4-COOK + H2O B. 0,24. Gii C. 0,48. D. 0,96. 0,25
o-CH3COO-C6H4-COOH + 3KOH CH3COOK + o-KO-C6H4-COOK + 2 H2O 0,24 VKOH = 0,72 lit 0,72
18
Cu 41: Cho hn hp X gm Fe2O3, ZnO v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch Y v phn khng tan Z. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (long, d) thu c kt ta A. Fe(OH)3. C. Fe(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 v Zn(OH)2. Gii [Fe2O3, ZnO] + HCl (d) FeCl3, ZnCl2 FeCl3 + Cu FeCl2 + CuCl2 Z l Cu d. dung dch Y gm : ZnCl2 ; FeCl2 v CuCl2 ZnCl2 + 2NaOH Zn(OH)2 + 2NaCl 2NaOH + Zn(OH)2 Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O FeCl2 + NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl CuCl2 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl Cu 42: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d14s2 C. [Ar]3d9v [Ar]3d3 Cu : [Ar]3d104s1 Cr :[Ar]3d54s1 Cu2+ : [Ar]3d84s1 Cr3+ : [Ar]3d24s1 B. [Ar]3d74s2v [Ar]3d3 D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2 Gii [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d14s2 + NaOH (long, d) B. Fe(OH)2 v Cu(OH)2. D. Fe(OH)3 v Zn(OH)2.
Cu 43: Cho buta-1,3-ien phn ng cng vi Br2 theo t l mol 1:1. S dn xut ibrom (ng phn cu to v ng phn hnh hc) thu c l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. Gii Cng 1,2: CH2BrCHBrCH=CH2. Cng 1,4: CH2BrCH=CHCH2Br (c 2 ng phn hnh hc: cis v trans) D. 1.
Cu 44: Ho hi 15,52 gam hn hp gm mt axit no n chc X v mt axit no a chc Y (s mol X ln hn s mol Y), thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 5,6 gam N219
(o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Nu t chy ton b hn hp hai axit trn th thu c 10,752 lt CO2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l A. HCOOH v HOOC-COOH. C. CH3-CH2-COOH v HOOC-COOH. B. CH3-COOH v HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. D. CH3-COOH v HOOC-CH2 -COOH. Gii nhh = nnito = 0,2 mol; s nguyn t Cacbon trung bnh CX < 2,4 < CY loi C v A X l CH3-COOH , v Y l axit no 2 chc nn c CTTQ l CnH2n-4O4 60a + (14n + 62)b = 15,52 a + b = 0,2 2a + bn = 0,48 Cu 45: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O. X tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc. Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-OH. B. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO. C. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3. D. CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2-OH. Gii X tc dng c vi Na v khng c p trng bc => loi A, D. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c p trng bc => C ng Cu 46: Dung dch no sau y lm qu tm i thnh mu xanh? A. Dung dch glyxin. C. Dung dch lysin. Glyxin: NH2CH2COOH Alanin: NH2(CH)CH3COOH B. Dung dch alanin. D. Dung dch valin. Gii 20
n = 3 => HOOC-CH2 -COOH.
khng i mu khng i mu
Lysin: NH2(CH2)4CH(NH2) COOH Valin: (CH3)2CH(CH)NH2COOH
ha xanh khng i mu
Cu 47: Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X [ Fe v Zn] tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian, thu c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 0,28 g v dung dch thu c ch cha mt mui duy nht. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l A. 48,15%. X (Fe, Zn) + CuSO4 B. 51,85%. Gii cht rn Z dd cha 1 mui C. 58,52%. D. 41,48%.
Z c th l Cu, Fe d , Zn d V dd ch cha 1 mui Z l Cu, Fe d m Z gim = m Fe d = 0,28 g Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu x y x y x y x y x = y = 0,02 mol % Fe = 51,85%. Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu 65x + 56y + 0,28 = 2,7 64(x + y) + 0,28 = 2,84 m Fe = 0,02 . 56 + 0,28 = 1,4 g n Fe d = 0,005 mol mui l FeSO4
Cu 48: Ancol etylic c iu ch t tinh bt bng phng php ln men vi hiu sut ton b qu trnh l 90%. Hp th ton b lng CO2 sinh ra khi ln men m gam tinh bt vo nc vi trong, thu c 330 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Bit khi lng X gim i so vi khi lng nc vi trong ban u l 132 gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 486. B. 297. Gii (C6H10O5)n nC6H12O6 2nC2H5OH + 2nCO2 m dd gim = m = m m dd gim = 330 132 = 198 gam C. 405. D. 324.
21
= 4,5 mol
ntinh bt = 2,25 mol
m = 2,25.162. 100 : 90 = 405 g Cu 49: Nhm nhng cht kh (hoc hi) no di y u gy hiu ng nh knh khi nng ca chng trong kh quyn vt qu tiu chun cho php? A. CH4 v H2O. B. CO2 v CH4. C. N2 v CO. D. CO2 v O2.
Cu 50: Khi in phn dd NaCl (cc bng st, cc + bng than ch, mng ngn xp) th : A. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ho H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl B. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Na+ v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl C. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl D. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na+ v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl Gii 2NaCl + 2H2O Cc (-) : Cc (+) : 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 : Qu trnh kh : Qu trnh oxi ha
H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
Cu 51: Hin tng xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch H2SO4 vo dung dch Na2CrO4 l: A. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang khng mu. B. Dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng. C. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam. D. Dung dch chuyn t khng mu sang mu da cam. Gii Ta c cn bng sau : 2H+ + 2CrO42 Mu vng Cu 52: Cho s phn ng: CH CH + HCN X; A. T olon v cao su buna-N. C. T nitron v cao su buna-S. X polime Y; X + CH2=CH-CH=CH2 polime Z. Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y? B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren. D. T capron v cao su buna.22
Cr2O7 2 + OH da cam
Gii X l CH2=CH CN X + CH2=CH-CH=CH2 Z dung dch X l : A. 1,77. HCl 0,001M CH3COOH Ban u: Phn li : Cn bng: 1 x 1x x x B. 2,33. Gii H+ + Cl 0,001M CH3COO + x 0,001 + x H+ 0,001 C. 2,43. D. 2,55. Y l t niton hay cn gi l t olon Z l cao su bunaN
Cu 53: Dung dch X gm CH3COOH 1M (Ka =1,75.10 ) v HCl 0,001M. Gi tr pH ca
Ta c hng s cn bng : Ka = 1,75.105
x = 3,705.10-3 pH = log[H+] = log[0,001+3,705.10-3] = 2,33.
Cu 54: Cho dy chuyn ho sau: Benzen X Y Z (trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh).
Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt l A. benzylbromua v toluen. C. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren. B. 2-brom-1-phenylbenzen v stiren. D. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren. Gii C6H6 + CH2=CH2 C6H5CH2CH3 + Br2 C6H5CHBrCH3 + KOH C6H5CH2CH3 C6H5CHBrCH3 + HBr C6H5CH=CH2 + KBr Lu iu kin p
Cu 55: Thy phn hon ton 60 gam hn hp hai ipeptit thu c 63,6 gam hn hp X gm cc amino axit (cc amino axit ch c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl trong23
phn t). Nu cho 1/10 hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), c cn cn thn dung dch, th lng mui khan thu c l A. 8,15 g. B. 7,09 g. Gii 60 gam hh hai ipeptit + H2O 63,6 gam hn hp X m nc = 63,6 60 = 3,6 g nhh = 0,4 mol c trong 60 g 1/10 hh cha 0,04 mol NH2RCOOH + HCl ClNH3RCOOH 0,04 0,04 mol m mui = 63,6 : 10 + 0,04 . 36,5 = 7,82 g Cu 56: Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai? A. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom. B. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn. C. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom. D. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H2O to thnh sn phm khng bn. Gii CN HCN + R C R O R C R sn phm bn OH n nc = 0,2 mol C. 7,82 g. D. 16,30 g
Cu 57: t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X (to nn t mt axit cacboxylic n chc v mt ancol n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO2 v 0,09 gam H2O. S este ng phn ca X l A. 4. B. 6. Gii Este l no, n chc : CnH2nO2 CnH2nO2 nCO2 Meste = 14n + 30 = 0,11.n : 0,005 n=4 C4H8O2 C. 2. D. 5.
s ng phn este l : 2n 2 =24 2 = 424
Cu 58: Cho cc phn ng sau: Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 A. Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. C. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag B. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+. D. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+ Gii Tnh oxi ha: Fe3+ > Fe2+ Tnh oxi ha: Ag+ > Fe3+ Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi l:
Cu 59: Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng kh dung dch no sau y? A. Dung dch NaOH. C. Dung dch NH3. B. Dung dch NaCl. D. Dung dch H2SO4 long. Gii NH3 (k) + Cl2 (k) NH4Cl (r) + N2 (k) : sn phm khng c c ng dng kh c Cu 60: Ho tan hn hp bt gm m gam Cu v 4,64 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, rt d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ch thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X lm mt mu va 100 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,96. B. 1,24. Gii ( Cu, Fe3O4 ) + H+ X (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, H+) + Mn+7 (Cu2+, Fe3+) + Mn+2 Cu Cu2+ +2e x 2x Fe3O4 3Fe3+ + 1e 0,02 0,02 x = 0,015 mol Mn+7 + 5e Mn+2 0,01 0,05 C. 3,2. D. 0,64.
p dng nh lut bo ton e : ne cho = ne nhn 2x + 0,02 = 0,05 mCu = 0,96 g
25
