Aug 21, 2015
Literature-is the art of written
works-came from the Latin
word “littera”-which literally mean
acquaintance with letters
Oral Literature-refers to oral
traditions, which include epics, ballads, legends and folktales, among others
The Medium of Literature
Ano sa tingin
niyo???
Kung ang iskultor ay gumagamit ng bato, kahoy o tanso, ang manunulat naman ay gumagamit ng _________.
Language!Lenggwahe
!Wika!
Kung walang language,
walang literature!!!
Literary Types or Genre
Poetry-is literature in metrical measure.-short story, essay, novel, drama-but it can also be free verse
Poetry can be:Narrative like The IliadLyric like I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Dramatic like Romeo and Juliet
The Elements of Poetry
Connotation-refers to the emotional
meanings of words used in poems
Sound and Rhythm
Figurative Language-words used to mean
something other than what they ordinarily mean.
Imagery-pertains to mental
images the poet wants the readers to see.
Fiction-presents a narration of imaginative events in an imaginative character’s life, such as in novels and short stories
Elements of Fiction
Character-an imaginary person
represented in a work of fiction
Plot-sequence of events in a
narrative
Setting-refers to the time and
location of the actionTheme
-universal idea of the fundamental issue that is presented in fiction
Language and Style-refers to the words use
in the material and how the writer makes use of these words
Point of View-is the vantage point from
which the events, actions and characters are seen
Drama-intended for stage
performance by actors.-the playwright writes
dialogues for the actors or actresses
Elements of DramaPlot
-refers to sequence of events-exposition, inciting incident,
rising action, turning point, falling action and denouement or resolution
Character-imaginary person presented in a
drama
Conflict-the dispute or clash
between charactersDiscovery, Reversal, Dramatic Irony
-discovery carries out audience’s expectations, reversals give them surprises, dramatic irony builds up tension and suspense.
Language and Idea-language refers to the words
used and the ideas pertain to what he wants the audience to think about.
Essay-is an analytic or interpretive composition that deals with a single topic.
-is subjective in nature as it attempts to express the opinion of the writer about something.
Elements of Essay
Theme-pertains to the underlying idea of the essay
Style-is the way the writer expresses himself in his composition
Form and Structure-refers to the way parts of
the essay are arranged and connected to one another to achieve a desired effect.
Important Periods for Literature
Ancient Greek/ArchaicHomer became famous for The Iliad and The Odyssey.
The dominant literary expression was that of the verse sung to the music of lyre.
Hellenic AgeAeschylus wrote The Persians and Agamemnon.
Tragedy as a dramatic form reached its perfection.
HellenisticMenander wrote The Woman from Samos.
A genre called New Comedy was developed.
The New Comedy presented satirical scenes from middle- class life.
Roman Divided into three periods: First, Second and Third Literary Period.
Cicero wrote The Dream of Scipio.
Vergil wrote The Aeneid.Literary works are usually patriotic.
MedievalDante Alighieri wrote The Divine Comedy.
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales.
Literary works mostly consisted of epic, ballad, romance and lyric.
RenaissanceMiguel de Cervantes Saavedra
wrote Don Quixote.William Shakespeare wrote
Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and Midsummer Night’s Dream.
There was a shift of emphasis from religion and salvation to disciplined living.
Age of Enlightenment/BaroqueJohn Milton wrote Paradise Lost.
Literature saw a transformation by the rule of reason, poetry having been the most affected.
RomanticWilliam Wordsworth wrote Daffodils.
Edgar Allan Poe wrote The Raven and Annabel Lee.
Victor Hugo wrote Les Miserables.
Literature during this period focused on the worth of the individual.
It valued feeling and intuition over reasoning.
RealismHenry James wrote The Portrait of a Lady.
Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Literary works were a faithful presentation of life.
ModernLeo Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina.
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby.
Literary works showed a strongly realistic quality.
Asian LiteratureThe Chinese Classics: Book of
Changes, Book of History, Book of Rites, Book of Odes, Spring and Autumn Annals.
India: Ramayana and Mahabharata
Japan: Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan)
Philippine Literature
Spanish PeriodDoctrina Christian en lengua Española y Tagala.
Awit like Florante at Laura, Corrido like Ibong Adarna.
Moro- moro
Nationalistic PeriodNoli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo by Jose Rizal.
La SolidaridadPag- ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa by Andres Bonifacio.
American OccupationJose Garcia Villa-
Footnote to YouthZoilo Galang- Child of Sorrow
NVM Gonzales
Japanese OccupationMacario Pineda- Suyuan sa Tubigan
Liwayway Arceo- Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa
Alejandro Abadilla- Ako ang Daigdig
Pre- Spanish PeriodOral literature handed
down by the elders to the next generation.
Epics like Biag ni Lam- ang, Bantugan and Hudhud at Alim.
Contemporary PeriodF. Sionil Jose- WaywayaMaximo Ramos- Creatures of Midnight
Edith Tiempo- Lament for the Littlest Fellow
BOOM TAPOS NA!! XD