Human Systems Review Science Department Science Standards: 9 a-e, 10a-e Ms. Martinez.

Human Systems ReviewHuman Systems ReviewScience DepartmentScience Department

Science Standards: 9 a-e, 10a-eScience Standards: 9 a-e, 10a-e

Ms. MartinezMs. Martinez

1. Which two body systems are 1. Which two body systems are involved with sending involved with sending

signals to help the body signals to help the body maintain homeostasis? maintain homeostasis?

Nervous System, 9b

Nervous and EndocrineNervous and Endocrine

1. Which two body systems are 1. Which two body systems are involved with sending involved with sending

signals to help the body signals to help the body maintain homeostasis? maintain homeostasis?

2. Which of the 2 2. Which of the 2 systems listed above systems listed above

primarily uses primarily uses chemicalchemical signals to signals to

communicate? communicate?

2. Which of the 2 2. Which of the 2 systems listed above systems listed above

primarily uses primarily uses chemicalchemical signals to signals to

communicate?communicate?

EndocrineEndocrine

3. Which uses3. Which uses both both electricalelectrical and and chemicalchemical

signals to signals to communicate? communicate?

3. Which uses3. Which uses both both electricalelectrical and and chemicalchemical

signals to signals to communicate?communicate?

Nervous systemNervous system

4. 4. Refer to Figure 1.Refer to Figure 1. What does What does it illustrate?it illustrate?

does this require does this require thinking?thinking?

Figure 1

4. 4. Refer to Figure 1.Refer to Figure 1. What does What does it illustrate?it illustrate?

does this require does this require thinking?thinking?

-Reflex Arc-Reflex Arc

-No-No

5. Use numbers 1-6 to put the 5. Use numbers 1-6 to put the following steps of a reflex arc in following steps of a reflex arc in

order. order. The situation involves touching The situation involves touching

a hot stove.a hot stove.

1. 1. receptor in skin receptor in skin stimulated by stimulated by intense heatintense heat

2. 2. impulses carried impulses carried from receptor to from receptor to the spinal cord by the spinal cord by a sensory neurona sensory neuron

3. 3. sensory neuron sensory neuron connects with an connects with an interneuron which interneuron which connects with a connects with a motor neuron in the motor neuron in the spinal cordspinal cord

4. 4. motor neuron motor neuron sends impulses to sends impulses to the muscles of the the muscles of the armarm

5. 5. impulses tells impulses tells muscles to contract muscles to contract and pull your arm and pull your arm awayaway

6. 6. impulses reach impulses reach the brain and inform the brain and inform you of what you of what happenedhappened

1. What is a neuron? 1. What is a neuron?

Nervous System, 9e

1. What is a neuron?1. What is a neuron?

Basic cell of the nervous Basic cell of the nervous systemsystem

2. What type of 2. What type of neuron shown in neuron shown in

Figure 2? Figure 2?

2. What type of 2. What type of neuron shown in neuron shown in

Figure 2?Figure 2?

MotorMotor

3. Label each part of 3. Label each part of the neuron:the neuron:

3. Label each part of 3. Label each part of the neuron:the neuron:

A. Axon Terminal

B. Myelin Sheath

C. Nucleus

D. Cell Body

E. Axon F. Dendrites

4. What are 2 4. What are 2 examples of examples of effectors?effectors?

4. What are 2 4. What are 2 examples of examples of effectors?effectors?

Muscles and GlandsMuscles and Glands

5. Which neurons 5. Which neurons send signals to send signals to

muscles?muscles?

5. Which neurons 5. Which neurons send signals to send signals to

muscles?muscles?

MotorMotor

6. Which neurons send 6. Which neurons send and receive signals from and receive signals from

your eyes or tongue? your eyes or tongue?

6. Which neurons send 6. Which neurons send and receive signals from and receive signals from

your eyes or tongue?your eyes or tongue?

SensorySensory

7. Which neurons carry 7. Which neurons carry the signals from the the signals from the

sensory neurons to your sensory neurons to your brain? brain?

7. Which neurons carry 7. Which neurons carry the signals from the the signals from the

sensory neurons to your sensory neurons to your brain?brain?

InterneuronsInterneurons

8. 8. Refer to Figure 1.Refer to Figure 1. Identify each type of Identify each type of

neuron. neuron. A. Sensory

C. Interneuron

B. Motor

9. Which type of matter 9. Which type of matter is described below? is described below?

GREY OR WHITEGREY OR WHITE

Grey Matter

White Matter

9. Which type of matter 9. Which type of matter is described below? is described below?

GREY OR WHITEGREY OR WHITE

a. shaped like an H, includes a. shaped like an H, includes sensory, motor, and interneuronssensory, motor, and interneuronsb. contains cell bodiesb. contains cell bodiesc. contains axons that run together c. contains axons that run together in bundles called tracts. in bundles called tracts.

Grey

Grey

White

10. Use the words listed 10. Use the words listed below to fill in the sentences below to fill in the sentences describing a nerve impulse:describing a nerve impulse:

Nervous System, 9d

Nerve ImpulseNerve Impulse

A. A neuron at rest has a negative A. A neuron at rest has a negative charge __________ and a ________ charge __________ and a ________ charge on the outside. charge on the outside.

Inside positive

B. When a neuron is stimulated by B. When a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or the environment another neuron or the environment an __________ begins.an __________ begins.impulse

C. This impulse triggers _______ to C. This impulse triggers _______ to open. open.

gates

D. Positively charged ________ ions D. Positively charged ________ ions begin to flow into the neuron begin to flow into the neuron through these gates.through these gates.

Sodium, Na+

E. The influx of sodium ions causes E. The influx of sodium ions causes the inside of the cell to switch from the inside of the cell to switch from a ________ charge to a positive a ________ charge to a positive charge.charge.

negative

F. This reversal of charge is known as F. This reversal of charge is known as the __________ potential. the __________ potential. action

G. In response, ____________ G. In response, ____________ channels open allowing channels open allowing ______________ charged potassium ______________ charged potassium ions to flow out. ions to flow out.

Potassium, K+

positively

H. The exit of the positively charged H. The exit of the positively charged potassium ions causes the inside to potassium ions causes the inside to become negative again restoring become negative again restoring the _________ potential.the _________ potential.resting

I. Once the I. Once the impulse reaches impulse reaches the axon the axon terminal it terminal it causes vesicles causes vesicles to release to release _______________. _______________.

neurotransmitters

J. These neurotransmitters will J. These neurotransmitters will travel from the neuron across the travel from the neuron across the _________, a gap between two _________, a gap between two neurons, and bind to ____________ neurons, and bind to ____________ on the neighboring neuron.on the neighboring neuron.

synapse

receptors

K. This then ___________ an impulse K. This then ___________ an impulse in the next cell. in the next cell.

triggers

11. The Endocrine system is 11. The Endocrine system is made up of _________________ made up of _________________ that release their products that release their products

into the bloodstream.into the bloodstream.

Endocrine System, 9b

glands

12. What are chemical 12. What are chemical messengers that alter messengers that alter the activities of cells in the activities of cells in other parts of the body other parts of the body

called?called?Hormones

13. What are cells that 13. What are cells that have receptors for a have receptors for a particular hormone particular hormone

called?called?

Target Cells

14. 14. Refer to Figure 2.Refer to Figure 2. Identify each gland.Identify each gland.

F.

A. Hypothalamus/

Pituitary

B. PancreasC. Adrenal

—”Emergency”

E. Testis (male)

D. Ovaries (female)

F. Thymus

15. What is the “Master” 15. What is the “Master” gland of the Endocrine gland of the Endocrine

system?system?

Pituitary gland

16. What gland 16. What gland controls the “Master” controls the “Master”

gland?gland?Hypothalamus

17. Refer to #15 and 17. Refer to #15 and #16. Where are these #16. Where are these glands located in the glands located in the

body?body?

Lower Brain

18. Which “gland” is not 18. Which “gland” is not part of the endocrine part of the endocrine

system?system?

Sweat gland

19. Fill in the table to 19. Fill in the table to the right with the the right with the

correct gland.correct gland.

Pituitary

Thyroid

Adrenal

Pancreas

Ovary

Testis

21. _________________ loops involve 21. _________________ loops involve the nervous system, endocrine the nervous system, endocrine system, and ____________ system. system, and ____________ system. *The circulatory system carries the *The circulatory system carries the hormones to the __________ cells hormones to the __________ cells where they are needed. where they are needed. *Feedback loops ____________ *Feedback loops ____________ conditions in the body.conditions in the body.

Endocrine System, 9c

Feedback

circulatory

target

regulate

22. What pancreatic 22. What pancreatic hormone would you hormone would you

expect to find at HIGH expect to find at HIGH levels in the blood of levels in the blood of

someone who has just someone who has just eaten a large meal?eaten a large meal?___________________ ___________________

which gland secretes which gland secretes this hormone?________this hormone?________

INSULIN

pancreas

23. What pancreatic 23. What pancreatic hormone would you hormone would you expect to find at HIGH expect to find at HIGH levels in the blood of levels in the blood of someone who has just someone who has just completed a 10 km run?completed a 10 km run?________________ *which ________________ *which gland secretes this gland secretes this hormone?______________hormone?______________

GLUCAGON

Pancreas

24. Feedback inhibition 24. Feedback inhibition occurs when high levels of occurs when high levels of

a substance inhibit the a substance inhibit the process that produces the process that produces the substance. This is similar substance. This is similar

to the way what object to the way what object regulates the temperature regulates the temperature

in a house?in a house?

24. Feedback inhibition occurs 24. Feedback inhibition occurs when high levels of a substance when high levels of a substance inhibit the process that produces inhibit the process that produces the substance. This is similar to the substance. This is similar to the way what object regulates the way what object regulates the temperature in a house?the temperature in a house?

In humans the In humans the hypothalamushypothalamus acts acts like the like the thermostatthermostat of feedback of feedback

systems and the systems and the endocrine glandsendocrine glands act like the act like the heater or air heater or air

conditionerconditioner..

THERMOSTAT

25. “The 25. “The moremore stimulation a stimulation a gland receives the gland receives the moremore

hormone is produced.” Which hormone is produced.” Which type of Feedback system type of Feedback system

does this statement does this statement describe?describe?

Positive

26. List a hormone 26. List a hormone that is an example of that is an example of

#25.#25.

Oxytocin

27. What are 27. What are pathogens?pathogens?

Immune System, 10d

Disease causing agents

28. List 2 examples of 28. List 2 examples of pathogens:pathogens:

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi

29. What are 29. What are antigens?antigens?

Foreign substances; they are attached to pathogens

30. Based on the 30. Based on the statements below, statements below,

identify each structure identify each structure as as

B (bacteria) or V (virus):B (bacteria) or V (virus):

B (bacteria) or V (virus):B (bacteria) or V (virus):

a. a non living, infectious particle a. a non living, infectious particle composed of a nucleic acid and a composed of a nucleic acid and a protein coat. protein coat.

Virus

B (bacteria) or V (virus):B (bacteria) or V (virus):

b. antibiotics areb. antibiotics are effective effective in in destroying them. destroying them.

Bacteria

B (bacteria) or V (virus):B (bacteria) or V (virus):

c. antibiotics are c. antibiotics are ineffectiveineffective in in destroying them. destroying them.

Virus

B (bacteria) or V (virus):B (bacteria) or V (virus):

d. reproduce by the Lytic cycle or d. reproduce by the Lytic cycle or Lysogenic cycles Lysogenic cycles

Virus

B (bacteria) or V (virus):B (bacteria) or V (virus):

e. Figure 3 e. Figure 3

Virus

B (bacteria) or V (virus):B (bacteria) or V (virus):

f. organisms with a full cellular f. organisms with a full cellular structure structure

Bacteria

31. What serves as a 31. What serves as a physical barrier to prevent physical barrier to prevent

the passage of many the passage of many disease-causing disease-causing microorganismsmicroorganisms??

Immune System, 10a, 10b antibodies

Skin

32. ____________ and 32. ____________ and ___________ compromise ___________ compromise the skin’s ability to act the skin’s ability to act as a physical barrier.as a physical barrier.

Cuts

abrasions

33. What are immune 33. What are immune responses that do not responses that do not

distinguish between one distinguish between one pathogen and another pathogen and another

called?called?

Nonspecific

Defenses

34. In addition to the 34. In addition to the skin, what are 3 other skin, what are 3 other

body’s 1st line of body’s 1st line of defenses? defenses?

Mucous, sweat, tears, saliva, stomach acid

35. What is the 35. What is the Inflammatory Inflammatory

response?response?Reaction to tissue damage

caused by injury or infection:

Redness, swelling, pus, pain, fever

36. What does the 36. What does the body’s body’s thirdthird line of line of

defense against defense against infection include?infection include?

Specific Defense

Ex antibodies, T cells

37. What are 37. What are antibodies?antibodies?Y-shaped proteins that recognize and bind to

antigens.

38. Which type of blood 38. Which type of blood cells are released during cells are released during

an infection?an infection?White Blood cells

33. If you get the polio 33. If you get the polio vaccine and later get vaccine and later get

exposed to polio, why don't exposed to polio, why don't you become ill?you become ill?

Immune System, 10c

When you receive a vaccine, the body makes

antibodies so the next time the body encounters the virus, it remembers and the antibodies respond

quickly.

34. HIV causes AIDS by 34. HIV causes AIDS by attacking and attacking and

destroying Helper destroying Helper ________ cells.________ cells.

Immune System, 10e

T

35.35. Nutrients are broken down in and Nutrients are broken down in and absorbed by the absorbed by the

__________ (__________ (digestive/circulatorydigestive/circulatory) system ) system while the while the

________________(________________(circulatory/digestivecirculatory/digestive) ) system transports and distributes system transports and distributes

the nutrients to the cells through out the nutrients to the cells through out

the body.the body.

Digestive System, Circulatory System, Respiratory System—

digestive

circulatory

36. I n order for cellular 36. I n order for cellular respiration to occur, respiration to occur,

producing ______(producing ______(ATP/OATP/O22) and ) and ________ (________ (ADP/COADP/CO22) waste in the ) waste in the human body, oxygen human body, oxygen is is distributed by the blood to distributed by the blood to

the cells.the cells.

ATP CO2

37.37. The two systems are involved in The two systems are involved in the removal of carbon dioxide the removal of carbon dioxide

from the body are:from the body are:(1)respiratory; and (1)respiratory; and

(2) ________________________ (2) ________________________ ((digestive/circulatorydigestive/circulatory).).

circulatory

STUDY!!!STUDY!!!