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Human Rights

Background Information and Causes

• Joseph Kony, leader of the LRA, was raised by Aunt made him think their government was not doing things right

• Kony started his own rebellion, and Army signed a peace treaty with government, but he and others broke off and created the LRA.

• He believes that he is a prophet from God, and his job is to create a peaceful Uganda, and the only way to do this is through him getting to power.

• Current goal survive, not get captured

Problem

• Rebellion has gone on for 18 years, forced 1.5 million Ugandan people to leave homes search for safer places to live.

• In the night 40,000 families walk to places they feel safer and not get abducted by Army

• Flee homes in fear of being abducted and having to do harsh things that go on in the rebellion

Problem

• Families won’t work in fields because they are scared of being abducted

• only way give these people food, through use of heavily armed military units

• WFP plans to give people 180,000 tons of food, do not have funds that it would take to give the food out

Problem

• Study done on 71 kids, 69 showed signs of mental health problems

• Most kids witnessed a numerous amount of traumatic events while in the Army.

• Lots of kids have no parents, some killed their parents

Prior Attempts at Resolutions

• Many people have tried to solve this problem, but have failed

• “Kony 2012”

Solution

• There is an organization called WFP set up, but needs funding

• Try to get government involved to capture LRA leaders

Works Cited• Pictures:• http://www.netrootsfoundation.org/2012/03/the-anatomy-of-kony-2012

/

• http://www2.ravenscroft.org/media/mus/msprojects/globalissues/childsoldiers/default.html

• Information:• "Top WFP Official Calls for End to Tragedy in Northern Uganda." Africa

News Service 18 Mar. 2004. Global Issues In Context. Web. 6 May 2012.• "WFP welcomes announced cease-fire by LRA rebels and potential impact

on humanitarian situation in north." Africa News Service 5 Mar. 2003: 1008063u3904. Global Issues In Context. Web. 6 May 2012.

• Talwar, Namrita. "Fostering terror: child soldier crisis in Uganda." UN Chronicle June-Aug. 2004: 7+. Global Issues In Context. Web. 6 May 2012.

• Pike, John. "Military." Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). Web. 06 May 2012.

• <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/lra.htm>.

Now that you all know what is going on with Kony in

Uganda, you can find out what is happening with child labor in Southeast

Asia.

Background Information

• 211 million child laborers worldwide-60% in Southeast Asia

• Child labor is strife in many Southeast Asian countries, including Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Myanmar, Malaysia, Laos, Indonesia and Cambodia

• Agrarian work, but also factory work

The Problem

• Rising illiteracy rates• Abject poverty• Debt bondage• Little government intervention• Manufacturers take advantage of

children’s innocence• Fosters violations of human rights

Historical Causes

• Historically intense poverty in Southeast Asia– Social stratification emerged in the 19th

and 20th centuries, further limiting opportunities for the lower classes

• Industrial revolution-Western world recognized the

importance of educating children, many regions in the developing world did not

Prior Attempts at Resolution

• Unions and grassroots initiatives• “RUGMARK” and “Fair Trade” products• Trade agreements between the U.S.

and Cambodia• The International Confederation of Free

Trade Unions continues to propose adding a “social clause” to WTO rules governing international trade–WTO rejects it

My Solution

• Funding free education for communities with the highest number of child laborers

• Increased restrictions on manufacturing process– Implemented by both the government

and companies

Works CitedImages:•http://static.flickr.com/126/373135803_64d4062555.jpg•http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/guide/pp7476.jpg•http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_8up7h6T0Kzc/S1eSm6uGNhI/AAAAAAAAPW8/BFU-y43RJt0/s1600/Child+Labor.png•https://my.bhsonline.org/groups/hoeffnere/wiki/d2b3a/images/90d18.jpg•http://www.ctreg14.org/uploaded/faculty/sdecausemacker/Fruit_pickers.jpg•http://edutail.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/child_labour121.jpg•http://www.tanya-n.com/India10/Blog4/IMG_5018.jpg•http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/img/fair_trade_certified.jpg•http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/img/rugmark.gifInformation:•"Causes of Child Labor." - The Child Labor Education Project. University of Iowa. Web. 03 June 2012.•Pakhare, Jayashree. "History of Child Labor." Buzzle.com. Buzzle.com, 19 Dec. 2011. Web. 03 June 2012•"Ending Child Labor." - The Child Labor Education Project. University of Iowa. Web. 03 June 2012.•"Module 4: Child Labor and Child Abuse in Developing Countries." Child Labor and Child Abuse in Developing Countries. Unite for Sight. Web. 03 June 2012. •Weissman, Robert, and others. "The Scourge of Child Labor." Multinational Monitor. Jan./Feb. 1997: 10-26. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 26 Apr 2012.Sachs, Aaron. "The Last Commodity: Child Prostitution in the Developing World." World Watch. July/Aug. 1994: 24-30. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 26 Apr 2012.Senser, Robert A. "Danger! Children at Work." Commonweal. Aug. 19 1994: 12-14. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 26 Apr 2012.Spaeth, Anthony. "Asia: The Young and the Damned." Time. 15 Apr 1996: 36+. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 26 Apr 2012.

Discrimination Against Women in China

"Disorder is not sent down by Heaven, it is produced

by women."

• More than 10,000 girls are abandoned and killed each year in China.

• The rates of abortions and adoptions have been steadily increasing in China for the past decade

• A population imbalance between males and females have resulted in human trafficking and the selling of women to men who have little chance of finding a wife.

Historical Causes

• Emerged during the rise of Neo-Confucianism.

• Supported the practice of patriarchal societies which viewed men as superior.

• Harsh laws based on its ideals limited the rights of women.

Historical Causes (continued)

• Provided a hierarchal order which limited women's rights.

• Women were forced to participate in practices such as foot binding in order to be culturally accepted.

Historical Causes (continued)

• In 1978, Deng Xiaoping put in place the one child policy to solve the overpopulation problem in China.

• The one child policy has greatly contributed to the population imbalance between men and women.

• Some families have resorted to killing their own daughters in desperation so that the family name will be continued.

Prior Attempts at Resolution

• In 2007 the Chinese government released a national action plan to stop the trafficking of women, but it failed due to lack of funding.

• While this plan failed, it helped to bring light to the situation

Prior Attempts at Resolution

• “The Program for the Development of Chinese Women”

• Established in 1995 worked to improve the status and equality of women by making agencies that would work to give women more labor, education, legal, and health right.

• This program failed due to lack of enforcement

Solution

• Formation of a government run organization (Similar to “The Program for the Development of Women's Rights”)

• Careful population monitoring by the government.

Solution (continued)

• Education programs to shift the publics view on the status of women.

• Stricter punishment by the law to stop traffickers and abusers.

Sources• Works Cited •  • BBC News. BBC, 02 Feb. 2002. Web. 08 May 2012.

<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/media_reports/1797524.stm>.

• "The Dark Side of One Child Policy of China." HubPages. Web. 05 May 2012. <http://goodpal.hubpages.com/hub/The-Dark-Side-of-One-Child-Policy-of-China>.

• "Officals Call for More Efforts to Curb the Gender Imbalance." Xinhua News Agencey 11 July 2006. Gale. Web. 7 May 2012.

• Wickerman, Joshua, Liana Zhou, Donna Drucker, Wen Huang, and Weipin Tasi. "Early Confucianism and the Roles of the Females." The Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Culture Society History, Vol. 1, 2007. 2007. Web. 7 May 2012.

• http://chineseposters.net/images/e13-415.jpg

Forced Labor in Afghanistan

The Problem

• Many Afghan citizens are sold, abused, and treated as slaves.

• Children live a life of forced labor from an age as early as four.

• The brick kilns in Afghanistan rely almost entirely on the forced labor by those in debt

• Poor health from harsh working conditions, reliance on shelter and electricity provided by brick employers and denied education mean brick makers are tied to their work.

• Lack of education has increased poverty levels, which has lead to the used of forced labor. The economic pressure to work means that over 3 million children are being denied an education.

Background Information

• Afghanistan is receiving foreign aid while foreign troops fight Taliban insurgents, but this is expected to end by 2014.

• The foreign aid has created a construction boom, which contributed to the use of forced labor.

• War, poverty, and unemployment have created an underage labor market

• While it is illegal for children to work in Afghanistan, the law is rarely enforced.

Attempts at Resolution

• In 2004, a team of American Attorneys drafted a set of labor laws for Afghanistan.

• This was ineffective because of the low literacy rate and lack of attorneys in Afghanistan.

• Other countries have instituted several programs to reduce child labor, but the motivation and willingness of the government to help these workers is highly questioned.

Solution• Educate the public• Higher literacy rates will help

Afghans understand their rights and laws in place

• Better chance for career

Works Cited• "Afghan Children Being Sold Into Forced Labor." RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 12 Sept. • 2011. Web. 07 May 2012.

<http://www.rferl.org/content/afghanistan_children_being_sold_into_forced_labor/24326343.html>.• Al Jazeera. "The Child Workers of Afghanistan." YouTube. YouTube, 02 June 2008. • Web. 30 May 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9puaIvIKqg>.• Al Jazeera, and Bernard Smith. "Child Labour Rampant in Afghanistan." YouTube. • YouTube, 30 Dec. 2011. Web. 30 May 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MELFyd-ahuk>.• Bales, Kevin. "Human Trafficking." Issues: Understanding Controversy and • Society. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 30 May 2012.• De Mistura, Staffan. "Afghanistan’s Suffering Civilians." Project Syndicate. Web. 07 • May 2012. <http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/afghanistan-s-suffering-civilians>.• Haidari, Abdul Samad. "High Rate of Illiteracy: The Worst Threat Towards Stability Efforts in • Afghanistan." Daily Outlook Afghanistan. 18 June 2011. Web. 07 May 2012.

<http://outlookafghanistan.net/topics.php?post_id=931>.• King, Gilbert. Woman, Child - For Sale. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2004; Kyle, • David, and Rey Koslowski, eds.Global Human Smuggling: Comparative Perspectives. Baltimore, MD:

The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.• Levitt, Emily, Kees Kostermans, Luc Laviolette, and Mbuya Nkosinathi. "Malnutrition in • Afghanistan." World Bank ELibrary. Nov. 2010. Web. 28 May 2012.

<http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/book/9780821384411>.• "The Worst Forms of Child Labour." The Worst Forms of Child Labour. Web. 07 May• 2012.<http://www.ilo.org/ipec/Campaignandadvocacy/Youthinaction/C182-Youth-orientated/

worstforms/lang--en/index.htm>.Photographs

• http://02varvara.wordpress.com/2010/11/15/a-photo-essay-this-is-what-the-usa-supports-in-afghanistan-child-labour/01a-child-labour-afghanista

• http://www.zimbio.com/pictures/pglHvj91mPI/Children+Work+Kabul+Brick+Factoryn/• http://www.pcrf.net/about-us/

Persecution of Ahmadiyyat in Pakistan

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Background Information• Ahmadiyyat was founded in

1889• In over 200 countries• Tens of millions of followers• Only Islamic organization to

believe that the long-awaited Messiah has come in the person of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

• Have had 5 spiritual leaders since Ahmad

• Current spiritual head, Mirza Masroor Ahmad, lives in the UK.

• Only islamic organization to reject a separation of mosque and state

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The Problem• Pakistan is also the

only state to have officially outlawed Ahmadiyyat

• Have no religious freedom

• Ordinance XX– erases all distinction

of Ahmadis as Muslims

– prohibits them from practicing Islam and calling their religious centers mosques

– Can be imprisoned for up to 3 years

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The Problem Continued…• Government and

Media in Pakistan encourage persecution of Ahmadis– Propaganda includes

news reports, television shows, newspapers, books, etc…

• Leads to riots and massacre against many Ahmadis– Lahore Riots of 1953

and 1974 were the two biggest

– Shab Qadar Incident

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convention of All Pakistan Muslim League, Ahmadiyya was threatened, if the government didn’t take direct action

• Soon afterwards anti-Ahmadiyya riots broke out countrywide, most largest incident was in Lahore– Hundreds of Ahmadis brutally

murdered and tortured– Arson started against

Ahmadiyya shops, houses, and mosques belonging to Ahmadis destroyed

• Later in 1974, another violent campaign broke out led by Jamaat-e-Islami– Pressures from this campaign

led to the creation of Ordinance XX

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Prior attempts at resolution

There have been no prior attempts at resolution.

My Solution

• Remove Ordinance XX and all other laws against Ahmadis

• Ban all forms of anti-Ahmadiyya propaganda and begin promoting the acceptance of Ahmadiyya in Pakistan

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Works Cited• "11 Ahmadis killed during 2009: report." Daily Times. Daily Times. 12 03 2012. Web. 20 May

2012.• "Ahmadis slam target-killings in Faisalabad." Daily Times. Daily Times. 05 04 2010. Web. 20 May

2012.• "Ahmadiyya Islam." Global Security. Global Security. N.d. Web. 20 May 2012.• “Ahmadiyya Muslim Community: An Overview." Alislam. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community,

2012. Web. 2 Jun 2012.• "CONSTITUTION (SECOND AMENDMENT) ACT, 1974." Pakistani. Pakistani. 21 09 1974. Web.

20 May 2012.• "DENIZENS OF ALIEN WORLDS." University of Ontario Institute of Technology. University of

Ontario Institute of Technology. N.d. Web. 20 May 2012.• Ebrahim, Zofeen. "Ahmadis: The lightning rod that attracts the most hatred." Dawn. Dawn. 28 10

2011. Web. 20 May 2012.• "Eight die in Pakistan sect attack." BBC News. BBC. 07 10 2005. Web. 20 May 2012.• "Gunmen kill five at prayer meeting." BBC News. BBC. 30 11 2000. Web. 20 May 2012.• Hanif, Mohammed. "Why Pakistan's Ahmadi community is officially detested." BBC News. BBC.

16 06 2010. Web. 20 May 2012.• "Implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of

Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief." Human Rights Library. University of Minnesota. 1998. Web. 20 May

• "KARACHI: Muttahida expels Aamir Liaquat." Dawn. Dawn. 11 09 2008. Web. 20 May 2012.• Khan, Naveeda. "Trespasses of the State."Anthropology.JHU. Sarai Reader. 2005. Web. 20 May

2012.• "Lahore attacks leave over 80 dead." GEO Pakistan. GEO. 28 05 2010. Web. 20 May 2012.• "PAKISTAN: Two persons murdered after an anchor person proposed the widespread lynching of

Ahmadi sect followers." ASIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION – URGENT APPEALS PROGRAMME. ASIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION. 10 09 2008. Web. 20 May 2012.

• "Plight of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan (1989-1999)." The Persecution. The Persecution. N.d. Web. 20 May 2012.

• "Sect offices closed in Pakistan." BBC News. BBC, 08 08 2005. Web. 20 May 2012.• "TEXT OF MARTIAL LAW ORDINANCE XX OF 1984." The Persecution. The Persecution. 26

04 1984. Web. 20 May 2012.

Global Solution