Human physiology

Human physiologyHuman physiology

DefinitionDefinition physiology explains physical and physiology explains physical and chemical factors that are chemical factors that are responsible for the origin, responsible for the origin, development, and progression of development, and progression of

life ,(each type of lifelife ,(each type of life( .( .

Human physiologyHuman physiology

DefinitionDefinition

Specific characteristic and mechanisms Specific characteristic and mechanisms of the human body that make it a living of the human body that make it a living being. All organs and tissues perform being. All organs and tissues perform functions that help to maintain internal functions that help to maintain internal environment constant (Homeostasis (environment constant (Homeostasis (

Fig. 1-5, p. 9

Maintain

Body systems Homeostasis

Cells

Make up

Is essentialforsurvival of

Fig. 1-1, p. 2

1

2

3

4

5 6

1

2

3

4

5

6

Chemical level

Cellular level

Organ level

Tissue level

Body system level

Organism level

Fig. 1-3a (left), p. 4

Digestive systemmouth, pharynx,esophagus, stomach,small intestine, largeintestine, salivaryglands, exocrinepancreas, liver,gallbladder

Circulatory systemheart, blood,blood vessels

Respiratory systemNose, pharynx, larynx,trachea, bronchi, lungs

Fig. 1-3a (right), p. 4

Urinary systemkidneys, ureters,urinary bladder,urethra

Skeletal systembones, cartilage,joints

Muscular systemskeletal muscles

Fig. 1-3b (left), p. 5

Integumentary systemskin, hair, nails

Immune systemlymph nodes, thymus,bone marrow, tonsils,adenoids, spleen, appendix, and,not shown, whiteblood cells, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and skin-associatedlymphoid tissue

Nervous systembrain, spinal cord,peripheral nerves,and, not shown,special sense organs

Fig. 1-3b (right), p. 5

Endocrine systemall hormone-secretingtissues, includinghypothalamus, pituitary,thyroid, adrenals, endocrine,pancreas, gonads, kidneys,pineal, thymus, and,not shown, parathyroids,intestine, heart, and skin

Reproductive systemMale: testes, penis, prostategland, seminal vesicles,bulbourethral glands, andassociated ducts

Female: ovaries, oviducts,uterus, vagina, breasts

Fig. 1-6, pp. 10-11

Information from the external environment relayed through thenervous system

O2

CO2

Urine containingwastes and excess water and electrolytes

Nutrients, water,electrolytes

Feces containingundigested foodresidue

Sperm leave maleSperm enter female

EXTERNALENVIRONMENT

BODY SYSTEMS

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM

URINARY SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Exchanges with all other systems

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Exchanges with all other systems

MUSCULAR AND SKELETAL

SYSTEM

IMMUNE SYSTEM

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Body systemsmaintainhomeostasis

Keeps internalfluids in

Keeps foreignmaterials out

HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostasisessential forcell survival

CELLS

Cells makeup bodysystem

Enables thebody to interactwith the externalenvironment

Protects againstforeign invaders

Regulate

Control systemsControl systems

Genetic control Genetic control organ level entire body organ level entire body Intra- & extracellular part of inter relations Intra- & extracellular part of inter relations functions the organ b/w the organsfunctions the organ b/w the organs

““We remain alive is We remain alive is almost beyond our own almost beyond our own

control”control”

Hunger Hunger seek foodseek food Fear Fear seek refugeseek refuge Sex Sex seek fellowshipsseek fellowships

InstinctsInstincts

Food intakeFood intake defensedefense Sex Sex MaternityMaternity

Control systemsControl systems

Genetic control Genetic control organ level entire body organ level entire body Intra- & extracellular part of inter relations Intra- & extracellular part of inter relations functions the organ b/w the organsfunctions the organ b/w the organs