Human Heart & Circulatory System 6 th Grade Health: Mr. Springer.

Human HeartHuman Heart& &

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System66thth Grade Health: Mr. Springer Grade Health: Mr. Springer

What is the Circulatory What is the Circulatory System?System?

• Circulatory System- consists of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and removes their waste products

• Pulmonary Circulation- flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

• Systemic Circulation- flow of blood to all the body tissues except the lungs

Parts of The Circulatory Parts of The Circulatory SystemSystem

• Arteries- blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body

• Veins- blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart

• Capillaries- tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body cells, and then back to the veins

Parts of The Circulatory Parts of The Circulatory SystemSystem

• The Heart!• The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout

the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The term cardiac (as in cardiology) means "related to the heart" and comes from the Greek καρδιά, kardia, for "heart."

• The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only within this organ. The average human heart, beating at 72 beats per minute, will beat approximately 2.5 billion times during an average 66 year lifespan. It weighs on average 250 g to 300 g in females and 300 g to 350 g in males.

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

As blood moves through your body it exerts pressure against the walls of blood vessels

• Systolic Pressure- heart contracting to push blood into your arteries at it’s highest point

• Diastolic Pressure- heart relaxes to refill and blood pressure is at it’s lowest point

Blood Has Types!Blood Has Types!• Our blood comes in 4 different types…

– A– B– AB– O

They are different because each blood type has a different protein on it’s surface (antibody) to identify it.

Composition of BloodComposition of Blood

(54%)

(1%)

(45%)

PlasmaPlasma

• Straw-colored liquid• Made up of:

– 92% water– 7% proteins– 1% minerals– Sugar, vitamins, hormones

& enzymes

A Look InsideA Look Inside

A Look InsideA Look Inside

• Leukocytes… White blood cells that defend against disease by engulfing (swallowing) the threat!

• This process is called Phagocytosis

• RBC’s are the transporters of oxygen!

A Look InsideA Look Inside

Parts Of The Heart

• left atrium - the left upper chamber of the heart. It receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein.

• left ventricle - the left lower chamber of the heart. It pumps the blood into the aorta.

• mitral valve - the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It prevents the back-flow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium.

Parts Of The Heart• aorta - the biggest and longest artery (a

blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart) in the body. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body.

• inferior vena cava - a large vein (a blood vessel carrying blood to the heart) that carries oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium from the lower half of the body.

Parts Of The Heart

• pulmonary artery - the blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

• pulmonary valve - the flaps between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. When the ventricle contracts, the valve opens, causing blood to rush into the pulmonary artery. When the ventricle relaxes, the valves close, preventing the back-flow of blood from the pulmonary artery to the right atrium.

• pulmonary vein - the blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Parts Of The Heart

• right atrium - the right upper chamber of the heart. It receives oxygen-poor blood from the body through the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava.

• right ventricle - the right lower chamber of the heart. It pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery.

• septum - the muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart.

Parts Of The Heart

• superior vena cava - a large vein that carries oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium from the upper parts of the body.

• tricuspid valve - the flaps between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It is composed of three leaf-like parts and prevents the back-flow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium.

Problems of the Circulatory System

• Hypertension- blood pressure is consistently higher than normal which can lead to heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure

Problems of the Circulatory System

Arteriosclerosis- condition in which arteries harden, reducing the amount of blood that can flow through them

Problems of the Circulatory System

Heart Attack:Blockage of flow ofblood to the heart.

Problems of the Circulatory System

Stroke:Blood clots thatblock vesselsin the brain or from the rupture of a blood vessel

Problems of the Circulatory System

Anemia:Abnormally low

levelof hemoglobin, a protein that bindsto oxygen in redblood cells

Problems of the Circulatory System

Leukemia: disease in which extra white blood

cells are produced.

Treating Heart & Circulatory Problems

• Medication• Angioplasty• Heart Valve Surgery- a faulty valve

can be replaced with an artificial one made of metal or plastic

• Pacemaker- small device that sends steady electrical impulses to the heart to make it beat regularly

• Bypass Surgery- a healthy vein taken from the patients leg or chest and used to detour around the blockage

Heart Disease• Definition: It is any condition that weakens the

heart or blood vessels or interferes with the functions they perform.

Facts:• More adults in the US die from heart disease

than any other cause.• Most diseases of the cardiovascular system take

many years to develop.• Chances of developing heart disease depend

partly on age and heredity, and partly on lifestyle behaviors.

Caring for your Circulatory System

• Limit fat in your foods

• Dietary fat can cause fatty deposits to form in the inner walls of arteries, narrowing them and increasing blood pressure, then your heart must work harder to circulate blood

• Get regular physical activity

• Regular activity strengthens your heart muscle, allowing it to pump more blood with each beat

Caring for your Circulatory System

• Avoid tobacco• Tobacco products contain the drug

nicotine which narrows arteries requiring blood pressure to be higher

• Managing Stress• Under stress your body produces

adrenaline, a substance that increases blood pressure

Clearing A Blocked Artery

Clearing A Blocked Artery

Malaria