Human Endocrine Physiology February 27, 2014.

Human Endocrine Human Endocrine PhysiologyPhysiology

February 27, 2014

Sex DeterminationSex Determinationand Differentiationand Differentiation

SRY

SRY

AMH T

SRY GeneSRY Gene

Testicular Steroid Testicular Steroid PathwaysPathways

Progesterone

Pregnenolone

Cholesterol

17OH-Prog

17OH-Preg

T

A4

LH/FSH

Conversion of TestosteroneConversion of Testosteroneto Dihydrotestosteroneto Dihydrotestosterone

SRY

AMH T

Conversion of TestosteroneConversion of Testosteroneto Dihydrotestosteroneto Dihydrotestosterone

Adrenal Steroid PathwaysAdrenal Steroid Pathways

Progesterone

Pregnenolone

Cholesterol

Cortisol

17OH-Prog

17OH-Preg DHEA

Testosterone

Androstenedione

Aldosterone

ACTH

Classical Congenital Adrenal Classical Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaHyperplasia

Progesterone

Pregnenolone

Cholesterol

Cortisol

17OH-Prog

17OH-Preg DHEA

Testosterone

Androstenedione

Aldosterone

ACTH

*

*21-hydroxylase loss of function mutation

*

Classical Congenital Adrenal Classical Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaHyperplasia

Progesterone

Pregnenolone

Cholesterol

Cortisol

17OH-Prog

17OH-Preg DHEA

Testosterone

Androstenedione

Aldosterone

ACTH

*

*21-hydroxylase loss of function mutation

*

Human Endocrine Physiology:Human Endocrine Physiology:The Menstrual CycleThe Menstrual Cycle

Ovarian PhysiologyOvarian Physiology

GnRH

Pituitary

Ovary

LH

FSHInhibin

EstrogensProgesterone Androgens

FSHSex steroidInhibin*

+

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

+

(pituitary)

(hypothalamus)

(ovary)

LH-(+)

*Inhibin exerts negative feedback only at the pituitary and only on FSH

Insulin

Ovarian Steroid PathwaysOvarian Steroid Pathways

Progesterone

Pregnenolone

Cholesterol

17OH-Prog

17OH-Preg

T

A4

LH/FSH

Estrone

Estradiol

*Only enzyme to know

* *

Changes in HormonesChanges in HormonesAcross the Menstrual CycleAcross the Menstrual Cycle

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FSH

Changes in HormonesChanges in HormonesAcross the Menstrual CycleAcross the Menstrual Cycle

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Estradiol

Changes in HormonesChanges in HormonesAcross the Menstrual CycleAcross the Menstrual Cycle

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LH

Changes in HormonesChanges in HormonesAcross the Menstrual CycleAcross the Menstrual Cycle

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Progesterone

Inhibin

**

*LH receptors on granulosa cells induced by FSH

Changes in HormonesChanges in HormonesAcross the Menstrual CycleAcross the Menstrual Cycle

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Inhibin

Inhibin

**

*LH receptors on granulosa cells induced by FSH

Functions of FSHFunctions of FSHDuring the Menstrual CycleDuring the Menstrual Cycle

Functions of LHFunctions of LHDuring the Menstrual CycleDuring the Menstrual Cycle

Functions of EstradiolFunctions of EstradiolDuring the Menstrual CycleDuring the Menstrual Cycle

Functions of ProgesteroneFunctions of ProgesteroneDuring the Menstrual CycleDuring the Menstrual Cycle

Functions of InhibinFunctions of InhibinDuring the Menstrual CycleDuring the Menstrual Cycle

Changes in HormonesChanges in HormonesAcross the Menstrual CycleAcross the Menstrual Cycle

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