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Human Disease & Prevention
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What is Disease? A disease is anything infectious
(spreading from one organism to another)
or noninfectious (does not spread from
one organism to another) that changes or
disrupts normal cell function.
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History of Disease (Ancient Civilizations: Theories of
Disease Causation)
Egyptian Medicine
The early Egyptians (4000-1000 B.C.) had manyremedies for illness. Spells, incantations, and magicwere integral parts of their medicine.
Among early races, illness and death were attributed to
actions of the gods and demonic possession.
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History of Disease (Ancient Civilizations: Theories of
Disease Causation) cont
Egyptian Medicine cont Despite their lack of scientific knowledge,
some of the treatments they used were
effective and still used today.
Egyptians are recognized as the first to treatdisease systematically.
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Greece: The Teachings of Hippocrates Hippocrates believed in the healing power of nature
and thought that disease developed from naturalcauses.
Hippocrates prescribed diets, rest, fresh air, massage,
and baths as treatments.
Hippocratess approach to disease and research werethe first steps on the way to the prevention and control
of disease.
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The Immune System
The immune system is a complex protectionmechanism that functions by protecting the
body from harmful microorganisms (bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and parasites) and foreign
materials (toxins and venoms), whilerecognizing and eliminating foreign pathogens.
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Lets Review!
True Or False:
Americans were the first to systematically
treat disease.
Hippocrates is one of the pioneers of diseaseprevention.
Bacteria can be cured; but viruses cannot.
Define the following word/s:
disease
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The Immune System (Two Parts)
Innate The bodys first line of
defense against disease. Skinouter protective
barrier
Macrophages, Natural
Killer Cells & Neutrophils
kill infectious agents
Adaptive
Second Line of defense
White bloodcells &Lymphocytes
Antibodies formed when
there is a pathogen
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Two Disease Categories Infectious Disease (Chronic & Acute)
Noninfectious Disease (Chronic &Acute)
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What is InfectiousDisease? A disease caused by organisms
that enter the body and multiplywithin the human body.
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What is Noninfectious
Disease?
Diseases that are not
transmitted by means of a
pathogen (foreign invaders on inthe human body).
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Chronic Acute Disease Chronic Disease A disease or health
condition that lasts longer than three
months, sometimes for the remainder
of one's life.
Acute Disease A disease or health
condition that occurs and subsides
within three months, usually withindays or weeks.
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What Are Some Examples of ChronicInfectious Diseases?
HIVvirus that attacks the immune system making it
difficult to fight disease
TuberculosisBacterial infection of the lungs.
MeningitisInflammation of the membranes that cover
the brain and spinal cord.
EncephalitisInflammation of the brain
Poliomyelitis (Polio)caused by a virus of the CNS
Others?
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What are Some Examples of AcuteInfectious Diseases? The cold viruscauses inflammation in the mucous
membranes lining the nose and throat.
Influenzaa viral infection of the respiratory tract.
MononucleosisKnown as the kissing disease,common in teens; its a virus that multiplies in thelymphocytes changing lymphocyte appearance.
Others?
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What are Some Examples of ChronicNoninfectious Diseases? Diabetes
Osteoporosis
Arthritis Heart (cardiovascular) Disease
Cancer
Hypertension
Others?
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What are Some Examples of AcuteNoninfectious Diseases (This is a hard one)? Heart Attack
Stroke
Cardiac Arrest
HypoglycemiaToo low blood sugar
levels
HyperglycemiaToo high blood sugar
levels Others?
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Lets Review!
Define the following: Infectious Disease
Noninfectious Disease
Chronic Disease
Acute Disease
Acute Infectious Disease
Name two
Acute Non Infectious Disease
Name two
Chronic Infectious Disease Name Two
Chronic Non Infectious Disease
Name Two
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Disease Prevention
(infectious and
noninfectious)Three ways/methods of disease prevention:
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
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Primary Prevention
(infectious disease)
Primary PreventionPreventionmeasures before the disease happens.
Methods of Primary Prevention:
Seclusion or avoidancestaying away frominfected individuals
Keeping yourself cleanwash hands withantibacterial soaps & shower
Get enough rest
Exercise on a regular basis
Eat Right
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Primary Prevention
(noninfectious disease)
Prevention measures before the diseaseoccurs.
Methods:
Not Smoking or drinking in excess Eating right
Exercise on a regular basis
Get enough rest
Stress management (Yoga, Tai Chi,Progressive Muscle Relaxation)
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Secondary Prevention
Secondary PreventionPreventive measuresthat lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment
of a disease or injury to limit disability and
prevent a more severe disease.
Methods:
Visit your doctor on a regular basis
Visit your doctor for regular physicals
Visit your doc for regular physicals
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Tertiary Prevention
Tertiary PreventionMeasures aimed at
rehabilitation following significant disease.
Methods: Medications
Chemotherapy
Surgery
Dialysis
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ScenariosWhats the Level of prevention?
Wanda stays at home all day in fear that she willcatch a disease. She is always in the restroom
washing her hands and when someone sneezes,
she runs away like theres no tomorrow. Whats the
level of prevention?
If you said primaryyoure right!!!
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ScenariosWhats the Level of prevention?
Hector has been diagnosed with mouth & throat cancerbecause of his continual use of chewing tobacco. His
doctors say that he has little chance of survival without
medication and surgery. Hector had the surgery but
eventually dies six months later.
Whats the level of prevention?
If you said primaryyoure so wrong.
If you said tertiary(congratulations!) you are correct!!!
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ScenariosWhats the Level of prevention?
Eric visits his doctor on a regular basis because he is a
hypochondriac (his preoccupation with health or disease isso intense that it disrupts normal living habits). He never
misses a doctors visit and sometimes visits too much.
Whats the level of prevention?
If you said secondary just because of the process ofelimination, youre wrong.
If you said secondary because you honestly knew the
answer, youre right!
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What are the Three Most
Meaningful Words in The
Dictionary?
1: Choice
2: Choice
3: Choice
Youhave the power to choose. Making thewrong choices could negatively affect yourhealth. Remember: You ARE responsible foryoure own actions. So, be healthy andalways make the right choicesyour lifedepends on it!
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The End?
The End of this
PowerPoint, the beginningof your journey in disease
preventionI wish you allthe best!
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Group DiseasePresentation! As a group, present an 8-10 minute presentation on
one of the following diseases: Type 1 & 2 Diabetes,
Cancer, Asthma, Hypertension, Osteoarthritis, andCoronary Heart/Artery Disease.
At the conclusion of your presentation, prepare aquiz with five questions relating to your disease (thismay be included at the end of your presentation).
Dont forget your table of contents and cover page!Its your job as a group to present the disease andbe able to answer the following questionsthoroughly:
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QUESTIONS 2 ANSWER! 1. What is the disease?
2. What causes the disease?
3. Whos at risk? 4. What are some of the symptoms?
5. How is the disease treated?
6. How can the disease be prevented?
7. What are some relevant statistics and research?
8. Other pertinent information?
9. References Cited?
Questions and Answers (Quiz)
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Grading Rubric! Clarity and Presentation _____ 20
Content Reliability _____ 20
Group Participation _____ 20
Organization _____ 20
Creativity _____ 20
Total Score _____ 100
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Group Assignments!
Group 1 - Type 1 & 2 Diabetes
Group 2 - Cancer Group 3Asthma
Group 4Hypertension
Group 5Osteoarthritis
Group 6 - Coronary Heart/Artery Disease