SCIENCE FA 1 ACTIVITY Topic – Human blood system & disorder. Group no. 10 (X B). Bhitesh Arora. Jatin Batra. Lakshay Raj. Muskaan Srivastava [LEADER]. Bhitesh
Aug 10, 2015
SCIENCE FA1 ACTIVITY Topic – Human blood system & disorder. Group no. 10 (X B).
Bhitesh Arora.Jatin Batra.Lakshay Raj. Muskaan Srivastava [LEADER]. Bhitesh
Types of Blood vessels…
Blood Vessels - These are tube-like structures
that carry blood throughout the body .
These are of three types :
Arteries.
Veins.
Capillaries.
Bhitesh
ARTERIES… Arteries carry oxygenated blood. They carry blood away from the heart. They are thick walled. They are deeply
seated. The blood is flowing high pressure. The MAIN artery is known as ‘AORTA’.
Bhitesh
VEINS…Veins carry deoxygenated blood.
They carry blood towards the heart.
They are thin walled. They are
superficial.
The blood is flowing at a low pressure.
The main vein is known as ’Vena Cava’.
Bhitesh
CAPILLARIES… Arteries and veins are inter-related by capillaries. Capillaries have a very thin wall made up of single membrane. So that exchange of material can take place.
Bhitesh
Mechanism of blood clotting
• Blood clots form to help prevent leaking when you break the
surface of the skin — fo r example -when you cut your
finger chopping carrots or on a piece of broken glass. Your
body goes through a certain series of events to make sure
that you do not bleed to death.
• First, after you shriek in pain or mutter a few choice words,
the injured blood vessel constricts. The constriction reduces
blood flow to the injured blood vessel, which helps to limit
blood loss. Tourniquets help to squeeze off blood flow in
much the same way when major blood vessels are injured
Jatin Batra
• With the injured blood vessel constricted, the platelets present in the blood that is passing through that vessel start to stick to the collagen fibers that are part of the blood vessel wall. Eventually, a platelet plug forms, and it fills small tears in the blood vessel.
• Once the platelet plug is formed, a chain of events is initiated to form a clot. The reactions that occur are catalyzed by enzymes called clotting factors. There are 12 clotting factors, and the mechanism that occurs is very complex.
jatin batra
Diseases in Blood…o The three major
blood disorders – anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia – will be examined in this protocol. Information as to the biology of these diseases and their conventional diagnosis and treatment will be presented; some emerging therapeutic strategies will be discussed as well.
muskan srivastava
Anemia...
Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, contain hemoglobin,
an iron-containing protein responsible for transporting
oxygen from the lungs to tissues. Erythrocytes are
continuously produced in bone marrow and survive
about 120 days having an abnormally low number of
erythrocytes or low hemoglobin is known as anemia.
muskan srivastava
Leukopenia… White blood cells, or leukocytes, are cells of
the immune system. They are produced in bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells and typically circulate for a much shorter period than red blood cells – from less than a day to a few weeks. Types of leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophiles, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Having an abnormally low number of these cells is known as leukopenia.
muskan srivastava
Thrombocytopenia…
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are involved in the
formation of blood clots. They are not actually
cells, since they lack a nucleus, but fragments of
large bone marrow cells; the platelet lifespan is
about 6 to 9 days. Having an abnormally low
number of thrombocytes is known
as thrombocytopenia.
muskan srivastava