Professor Jeff McKendricks Human Biology Lecture on Taxonomy, Homologies, Evolutionary Systemics, Cladistics, and Brains
Jan 16, 2015
Professor Jeff McKendricks
Human Biology Lecture on Taxonomy, Homologies, Evolutionary
Systemics, Cladistics, and Brains
Species
• The term species has its origins in the ancient Latin language. In this language, the word species means kind.
Binomial nomenclature
• Linnaeus suggested that every organism should be classified with a unique binomial name.
Genus.speciesCarolus Linnaeus Systema Naturae 1758
New order
• Modern classification systems are much more complicated having many levels of hierarchical organization
• Taxonomy (physical)• Phylogeny (genes)
Taxonomy• Kingdom metazoa/animall• Subkingdom • Phylum chordata/spinal chord• Subphylum vertebrata spinal column• Class mammalia/mammals• Subclass eutheria/placential• Order Primates • suborder anthropodae/all monkeys apes, humans• infraorder Catarhini/old world monkeys ,apes, humans• Superfamily Hominodea/apes and humans• Family Hominidae/ Human• subfamily • Genus Homo bipedal/same as • Specie sapiens sapiens wise man
Flying reptiles to bats to birds
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/precursors/precurscommdesc.html
Horse human whale crocodile bird
hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca/classificat...
Analogy/Homoplasy/convergent
Cladistics
evolution.berkeley.edu/.../_0_0/similarity_hs_09
Derived/modified
Clade shows close ties
scienceblogs.com/.../05/the_platypus_genome.php
Is this less clear?
Evolutionary Systematics
colab.cim3.net/.../Data_Context_Section
Mid range cranial capacity
addingup.org/.../18/human-brain-size-evolution/
Brain case
primatology.net/.../
Brain model
blog.thirdeyehealth.com/.../
ReptilianLimbicCerebral cortex-frontal/parietal /occipital
www.drpribut.com/blog/index.php/tag/biochemistry/
brainandlearning.blogspot.com/2008_04_01_arch...
Homology or analogy?Phylogeny or clade?
www.colorado.edu/.../Class/IPHY3730/05cns.html
Complex Brain
library.thinkquest.org/18299/function.htm
Phylogeny of the brain
dbm.neuro.uni-jena.de/.../
Which brings us too
www.nature.com/.../fig_tab/nature01400_F1.html
But we start here… Chpt 6
Assignment 11 and 12
11 What are the mechanisms of evolution12Describe the evidence of one species for
macroevolution.
References
Robert Jurmain, Lynn Kilgore, Wenda Trevathan. “Macroevolution: Processes of Vertebrate and Mammalian Evolution. “ Essentials of Physical Anthropology (7th edition). Belmont: Wadsworth, 2009
Understanding Evolution. University of California. Access date Nov. 22, 2008 Not All Similarity is Homology. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/_0_0/similarity_hs_06
Talking Origins. Mammalian Forelimb Homologies. Access date Nov 22, 2008. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/anatomy.html
Physical Geography. Introduction to the Biosphere (b). Biological Classification of Organisms. Access date Nov 22, 2008
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9b.html