HUMAN ANATOMY LAB KINE 2520

KINE 2520 HUMAN ANATOMY LAB

Olivia Porter

Important Class information

◻ Office: HH2508⬜ Lab HH1413, 1414

◻ How Class will be structured:

⬜ Quiz over last weeks materials

⬜ Lecture (blended)

⬜ Lab Activity

⬜ Mock Quiz

⬜ Prepare to stay the entire time

◻ Cadavers, sheep hearts and brains

◻ Connect Instructions

8/26/16 Schedule

◻ New Material: Anatomical Terminology, Axial Skeleton

◻ Assignment 1 posted on Bb, linked through Connect

◻ Mock quiz 1 on Anatomical Terminology and Axial Skeleton

LAB 1:ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGYAXIAL SKELETON

Anatomical Terminology

◻ Three Anatomical Planes1. Midsagittal/Sagittal Plane

■ Plane passes through the midline of the body

■ Divides the body in left and right halves

2. Frontal/Coronal Plane

■ Divides the body in anterior and posterior halves

3. Transverse/Horizontal Plane■ Divides the body in

superior and inferior halves

Anatomical Position

Head facing foward

Erect

Arms at side, palms facing forward

Toes facing forward, feet slightly apart

Why is this important?

Body Position

Understanding the Difference

Superior: Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; aboveProximal: Closer to the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Inferior: Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below Distal: Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk


◻ Movements⬜ Flexion

■ Bending of a joint, bringing two bones closer together

⬜ Extension■ Straightening of a joint, moving two bones farther

away from each other

⬜ Abduction■ Moving a limb laterally away from midline

⬜ Adduction■ Moving a limb medially toward the midline

⬜ Internal/Medial Rotation■ Rotating/turning a limb towards the midline

⬜ External/Lateral Rotation■ Rotating/turning a limb away from the midline

Occurs at the shoulder and hip joints

Occurs within the frontal plane

Occurs within the sagittal plane

*all movements should be described at a joint!!

Examples: -Flexion of the shoulder-Extension of the hip -Shoulder Cirumduction-Medial Rotation of the hip-Shoulder ADduction


◻ Movements Continued⬜ Supination

■ Turning upward/anterior of the forearm or foot

⬜ Pronation■ Turning downward/posterior of the forearm or foot

⬜ Inversion■ Movement of the sole of the foot toward the midline

⬜ Eversion■ Movement of the sole of the foot away from the midline

⬜ Plantarflexion■ Movement at the ankle to point the toes downwards

⬜ Dorsiflexion■ Movement at the ankle to point the toes upward; ■ pull toes towards the nose

Occurs at the ankle (subtalar) joint


Examples: -Supination of the forearm-Ankle Eversion or InversionAnkle Dorsiflexion or Plantarflexion


◻ Movements Continued

⬜ Protraction■ Movement anteriorly; protrude

⬜ Retraction■ Movement posteriorly; retract

⬜ Elevation■ Movement superiorly

⬜ Depression■ Movement inferiorly

⬜ Circumduction■ A combination of flex/ext and abd/add

Occurs at the scapulothoracic, temporomandibular (jaw), and neck joints

Occurs at the scapulothoracic and temporomandibular (jaw) joints

Occurs at the hip and shoulder joints; creates a cone shape movement


Examples:-Scapular Elevation-Scapular Adduction -Shoulder or hip Circumduction

Body Regions (Anterior)

Thoracic

Abdominal

SternalAxillaryMammary

Pubic (genital)

Upper Limb

Brachial (arm)

Carpal (wrist)

Palmar

Digital

Lower Limb

Femoral (thigh)

Patellar

Fibular or Peroneal

Tarsal (ankle)

DigitalHallux

Pedal (foot)

Metatarsal

Pedal (foot)

Popliteal

Calcaneal

Plantar

Body Regions (Posterior) Occipital (back of head)

Cervical

Back (dorsal)

Scapular

Vertebral

Lumbar

Sacral

Gluteal

STOP- REVIEW

◻ Three Anatomical Planes (Sagittal (midsagittal), Frontal (Coronal), Transverse (Horizontal)

◻ Directions (Superior (cranial), Inferior (caudal), Anterior (ventral), Posterior (dorsal), Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal, Superficial (external), Deep (internal))

◻ Body Position Supine, Prone

◻ Movements (Flexion, Extension, ABduction, ADduction, Internal (medial) rotation, External (lateral) rotation, Supination, Pronation, Inversion, Eversion, Plantar flexion, Dorsiflexion, Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression, Circumduction)

◻ Body Regions Anterior: Thoracic (sternal, axillary, mammary), Abdominal, Pelvic, Pubic, Upper Limb (brachial, carpal (wrist), Palmar, Digital), Lower Limb (Femoral (thigh), patellar, fibular or peroneal, Pedal (foot), (tarsal (ankle), metatarsals, digital, hallux

Posterior: Lower Leg (popliteal), Pedal (foot) (calcaneal, plantar), occipital, cervical, Back (dorsal) (scapular, vertebral, lumbar, sacral, gluteal)

Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton

◻ Skull

◻ Vertebral Column

◻ Ribs

◻ Sternum

Skull-Introduction

◻ Cranial bones (8)

◻ Facial bones (14)

◻ Cranial sutures

◻ Cranial foramen

Cranial Bones

◻ Frontal bone

◻ Parietal bones (2)

◻ Temporal bones (2)

◻ Occipital bone

◻ Ethmoid bone

◻ Sphenoid bone

Frontal Bone

Parietal Bones (2)

Temporal Bones (2)

Temporal Bones (2)

Mastoid Process

Zygomatic Arch

Occipital Bone

Foramen Magnum

Occipital Bone

Occipital CondylesExternal Occipital Protuberance

AKA the “Bump of Knowledge”

Ethmoid Sphenoid

Ethmoid Bone

Separates the nasal cavity from the brain

Sphenoid Bone

STOP-REVIEW

◻ What makes up the Axial Skeleton?

◻ Cranial Bones Frontal, Parietal, Temporal

(mastoid process, zygomatic arch), Occipital (external occipital protuberance, occipital condyles), Ethmoid, Sphenoid

Facial Bones

◻ Maxillae (2)

◻ Zygomatic bones (2)

◻ Nasal bones (2)

◻ Lacrimal bones (2)

◻ Palatine bones (2)

◻ Vomer

◻ Mandible

Maxillary Bones (2)

Zygomatic Bones (2)

Nasal Bones (2)

Lacrimal Bones (2)

Palatine Bones (2)

Vomer Bone

Mandible

Mandibular condyle

Hyoid Bone

Cranial Sutures

Coronal SutureSagittal Suture

Squamous Suture

Lamboid Suture

Coronal Suture

Sagittal Suture

Lambdoid Suture

Squamous (Lateral) Suture

Cranial Foramen

◻ Supraorbital Foramen

◻ Infraorbital Foramen

◻ Mental Foramen

◻ Jugular Foramen

◻ Carotid Foramen

◻ Foramen Magnum

◻ External Auditory Meatus

Supraorbital Foramen

Infraorbital Foramen

Mental Foramen

Jugular and Carotid Foramen

Foramen Magnum

External Auditory Meatus

STOP-REVIEW

◻ Facial Bones Maxillary, Zygomatic, Nasal,

Lacrimal, Palatine, Inferior Nasal Conchae, Vomer, Mandible

◻ Cranial Sutures Coronal, Sagittal, Lamboid,

Squamous

◻ Cranial Foramen Supraorbital, Infraorbital,

Mental, Jugular, Carotid, Foramen Magnum, External Auditory Meatus

Vertebral Column

Cervical Vertebrae (7)

C1: Atlas

C2: Axis

Thoracic Vertebrae (12)

Lumbar Vertebrae (5)

Sacrum (5 fused)

Coccyx (4 fused)

Landmarks of Vertebrae

BodyVertebral ForamenSpinous Process

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar

Cervical-C1Cervical-C2


Transverse ProcessTransverse foramen




LaminaPedicle

Superior Articular ProcessSuperior Articular Facet



Unique Landmarks of Vertebrae

Cervical-C1 Atlas

Articular facet for Dens


Odontoid Process (Dens)

Cervical-C2 Axis

C7

Vertebra Prominens“the prominent spinous process”



Inferior Articular Process

Thoracic Lumbar


Mammillary Process

Sacrum and Coccyx

Promontory

Median Sacral Crest

Superior Articular Process

Sacral Foramina

Coccyx

SacralCanal

Ala

Intervertebral Discs and Foramen

STOP- REVIEW

◻ Vertebral Column Name the 5 sections, and how many vertebrae in each

◻ Landmarks Body, vertebral foramen, spinous process, transverse process, transverse foramen, lamina, pedicle, superior articular facet and process

◻ Unique landmarks Articular facet for dens, odontoid process (dens), vertebral prominens, inferior articular process, mammillary process, intervertebral foramen and disc

◻ Sacrum and Coccyx: Ala, Promonotory, Sacral Foramina, Median Sacral Crest, Sacral Canal, Superior Articular Process

◻ Intervertebral discs and foramen

Sternum

Manubrium

Body of Sternum

Xiphoid Process

Ribs

Ribs

Vertebrochondral (8-10)attach indirectly to sternum via a shared costal

cartilage

Vertebrosternal Ribs (1-7)attach directly to sternum by costal

cartilages

Ribs

Vertebral Ribs (2)are not associated with costal

cartilages and thus not attached to sternum

Costal Cartilage

STOP-REVIEW

◻ Sternum: (Manubrium, Body of Sternum, Xiphoid Process)

◻ Ribs: (Vertebrosternal, Vetebrochondral,Vetebral)

◻ Costal Cartilage

◻ Work on Lab activity

◻ Ask Questions

◻ Mock Quiz

MOCK QUIZ 1

Anatomical Terms and Axial Skeleton

Put away all your materials and take out a piece of paper

Instructions

◻ If it asks for a bone, identify only the bone

◻ If it asks for a landmark, identify the landmark

◻ For the movements, identify the joint and the movement⬜ For example: Flexion of the hip, or hip flexion

1. Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves?

2-4 Identify the Structures

4 (bone)3 (landmark)

2 (Landmark)

5. What type of vertebra is shown in the picture?

A. Cervical

B. Thoracic

C. Lumbar

D. Sacral

E. Coccyx

6. Identify the landmark

7. Identify the specific landmark

8 – 10. Identify the three movements of the lower extremity being performed.

BE SPECIFIC!

1. Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior

and posterior halves?

Frontal or Coronal Plane

2-4 Identify the Structures

4 (bone)3 (landmark)

2 (Landmark)

Coronal suture

Mental Foramen

Temporal Bone

5. What type of vertebra is shown in the picture?

A. Cervical

B. Thoracic

C. Lumbar

D. Sacral

E. Coccyx

6. Identify the landmark

Lamina

7. Identify the specific landmark

Manubrium of Sternum

8 – 10. Identify the three movements of the lower extremity being performed.

BE SPECIFIC!

8. Hip Flexion

9. Knee Flexion

10. Plantar Flexion

Next Week

◻ Quiz 1: Anatomical Terminology & Axial Skeleton (10pts)

◻ Assignment 1 Due

◻ New Material: Upper Extremity Bones

HUMAN ANATOMY LAB KINE 2520

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