HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America

HUM 2461Humanities of Latin

America

Week 7

Today’s AgendaDay 12

• Attendance• Inca Architecture (1150-1541)• Medieval Spain (411-1500):

1. Al-Andalusian/Spain2. Architecture and Art

• 2nd Assignment is due today

Attendance

CANVAS

Inca Architecture

Cultural Periods (1150-1541)Expansion 1438 CE

Review

1200: Manco Cápac organizes the kernel of the Inca people.

1438: Expansion of Tawantinsuyo startedwith Inca Pachacuti

Tawantinsuyofour cardinal points

Four Suyos (side/location):1. Collasuyo (S)2. Chinchaysuyo (N) 3. Contisuyo (SW)4. Antisuyo (NE)

Inti = sun

Inca Architecture (1)

1. It is widely known for its fine masonry, which features precisely cut and shaped stones closely fitted without mortar.

2. No internal walls and roofed with wooden beams and thatch. …Gabled roofs, rooms with one or two of the long sides opened and rooms that shared a long wall.

Precisely cut and shaped stones

A thatched Bed &

Breakfast Hotel

Gabled Roofs

Storehouses qollqa: Gabled Roofs

Residential area: gabled roofs

3. Wall apertures, including doors, niches and windows, usually had a trapezoidal shape. They could be fitted with double or triple jambs as a form of ornamentation.

4. Rectangular buildings were used for quite different functions in almost all Inca buildings, from humble houses to palaces and temples.

Inca Architecture Characteristics (2)

Trapezoidal Shape

Trapezoidal Windows

Lintel and double jamb

Lintel

Double jamb

KanchaMain

rectangularenclosure

Inca Architecture (3)

Cusco City

Testimonies ofthis type of

architecture are

Ollantaytambo (La Fortaleza/The Fortress)

Top of La Fortaleza

Precisely cut and shaped stones closely fitted

without mortar.

The bath of the Princess

Chakana

Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu• Pachacutec (Pachacuti) built Cuzco and Machu Picchu

in 1438.• Means old mountain.• Ancients work systems:1. Minca (team work for the Ayllu)2. Mita (community service)3. Ayni (team work of the ayllu)

MINKA

1438 - 1541: Inca culture and empire (Tawantinsuyu)

Pedro Cieza de León"For as is well known to all, not a single village of the highlands or the plains failed to pay the tribute levied on it by those who were in charge of these matters. There were even provinces where, when the natives alleged that they were unable to pay their tribute, the Inca ordered that each inhabitant should be obliged to turn in every four months a large quill full of live lice, which was the Inca's way of teaching and accustoming them to pay tribute”

Terraced structures

Agricultural sector

Intihuatana / Inti watana

HUATA TO TIE UP, TO HICH & NA is a suffix for TOOL or PLACE

Mesoamerica Important Dates Maya: Classic 353-900CE

Hasaw Chan K’awill reigned since 695CE & Hasaw's wife, Lady Twelve Macaw, died in 704

Maya: Post-classic 900-1523 (1697) Teotihuacanos 100 BCE – 750CE

Toltecs 900 – 1200

Aztecs 1300 – 1521

Inca Civilization 1150-1541

1200: Manco Cápac organizes the kernel of the Inca people.

Machu Picchu is built in 1450-1480 by Pachacuti.

Medieval Spain (411-1500)

Al-Andalus/Spain

Al-Andalus/Spain

From Moorish Architecture and Art Styleto Spanish Style

1. Early Medieval Spain (ca.411–585)2. Medieval Islamic Spain (ca.710-

1492)3. Medieval Christian Spain (ca.1492)4. Medieval Spanish Culture (ca.1492-

1500)

End of Medieval age in Spain (1500)

Dates

1. Early Medieval Spain (ca.411–585)

2. Medieval Islamic Spain (ca.710-1492)

3. Medieval Christian Spain (ca.1492)

4. Medieval Spanish Culture (ca.1492-1500)

Architecture of Al-Andalus (Mudejar style)

2. Medieval Islamic Spain (ca.710-1492)

The year 1492 is commonly accepted as the beginning of the influence of the

Renaissance in Spain.

Periods and styles in Art and Architecture:

1. Byzantine (circa 295-650)

2. Pre-Romanesque (500-1000) (Mudejar Style influence)

3. Romanesque (1000-1200) (Mudejar style influence)

4. Gothic (1200-1500) (Mudejar style influence)

Map of Al-Andalus (Spain) in the 10th century

GranadaSevilla

Córdova

How did Spain look like during

these 782 years?

Santa Maria del Naranco (850 CE)

• Visigothic architecture

• Early medieval secular architecture

• Belongs to the Kingdom of Asturias (North)

• 587 CE converted to Catholicism

• Maya Classic 353-900CE

Mudejar Style (Muslim Architecture)710-1492 CE

Influence of the Muslim architecture can be appreciated

inthe center and south of Spain

Mudejar style Symbiosis of techniques and ways of

understanding architecture resulting from Muslim and Christian cultures.

Brick as the main material. Developed complicated tiling patterns. Dominant geometrical character. The Alcazar of Seville is considered one of

the greatest surviving examples of the style.

Alcázar from Sevilla (ca.1300)

Alcazar of Seville (inner courtyard)

Interior

Map of Al-Andalus (Spain) in the 10th century

GranadaSevilla

Córdova

The Great Mosque of Cordova (784 CE)

The Great Mosque of Cordova (784 CE)exterior

Alhambra, Granada (1237 CE)

Mesoamerica Important Dates Maya: Classic 353-900CE

Hasaw Chan K’awill reigned since 695CE & Hasaw's wife, Lady Twelve Macaw, died in 704

Maya: Post-classic 900-1523 (1697) Teotihuacanos 100 BCE – 750CE

Toltecs 900 – 1200

Aztecs 1300 – 1521

Inca Civilization 1150-1541

1200: Manco Cápac organizes the kernel of the Inca people.

Machu Picchu is built in 1450-1480 by Pachacuti.

Alhambra, Granada (1237 CE)interior

Alcázar from Segovia (1120 CE)

Map of Spain in the 10th century

GranadaSevilla

Córdova

. Segovia

Mesoamerica Important Dates Maya: Classic 353-900CE

Hasaw Chan K’awill reigned since 695CE & Hasaw's wife, Lady Twelve Macaw, died in 704

Maya: Post-classic 900-1523 (1697) Teotihuacanos 100 BCE – 750CE

Toltecs 900 – 1200

Aztecs 1300 – 1521

Inca Civilization 1150-1541

1200: Manco Cápac organizes the kernel of the Inca people.

Machu Picchu is built in 1450-1480 by Pachacuti.

Al-Andalus Spain1. 1469: Isabel and Ferdinand married.2. 1492: Emir Muhammad XII surrendered the

Emirate of Granada to Queen Isabella I of Castile.

3. 1492: Jews are expelled from Spain.***4. 1492–1507 - The remaining Muslims in the

Crown of Castile were ordered to become Catholic. Santa Inquisition.

5. The cultural and social contributions under Muslim rule still persist in Al-Andalus/Spain.

2nd Assignment

HW#4 is due today (week 7)