8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
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Medieval Academy of America and Cambridge University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve andextend access to Speculum.
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Cambridge University Press
Hugo of St. Victor: De Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis GestorumAuthor(s): William M. GreenSource: Speculum, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Oct., 1943), pp. 484-493Published by: Medieval Academy of America
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8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
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HUGO OF
ST
VICTOR
DE
TRIBUS
MAXIMIS
CIRCUMSTANTIIS
GESTORUM
BY
WILLIAM M.
GREEN
AMONG he
unpublishedworksof
Hugo St Victor s a
so-called
chronicle,
eally
a
schoolbook fhistory,
written
bout the
year 1130. t
consists f
a prologue
d-
dressed o
the student,
ollowed y
istsof
persons, laces,
and
dates formemoriz-
ing.The
book is
unimportant
s a sourcefor
historical ata, but
throws
nterest-
ing ight n the
method
fteaching
history sed by
Hugo
in his
renowned chool
at
the abbey
of
St
Victor
n Paris.
It
is
found
n
more
than
twenty
manuscripts
usually
with the title De tribus
maximis
circumstantiis
estorum,d
est personis
locis
temporibus,
nd
in
the best
manuscripts
t fills bout
forty olios.'
The pur-
pose
of
the
present rticle s to
call
attention o
the place of the
book
in
Hugo's
curriculum,nd to givea classification fthemanuscripts, critical extofthe
prologue,
nd
a
shortdescription f
the
tables
whichconstitute
he bulk
of
the
work.
The
prologue
begins
n
the tone
of a
master
giving
his
first
nstruction
o
a
young
student: Fili,
sapientia
thesaurus
st et cor tuum
archa.'2
The
treasures
of
wisdom, t
is
said,
mustbe
properly
lassified
nd stored n
the
compartments
of
the mind,
ust
as
a
money
hanger
eparatesthe
coins n his
till. Data
may be
arranged
y number,
lace, and
time.
Numbers
re visualized n a
line,with
the
properdata
attached
to each. For
example, n
memorizing he one
hundred
ifty
Psalms, theopeningwords ofeach are associatedwiththe propernumber.Ac-
cording
o
'place,'
one fixes
n
the
mind
mages
of
the
pages
of a
book,
together
with
uch
details
as
the
color
and
shapes
of
the
etters,
nd
the
place where
the
book was
read.
As
for
time,' one
remembers vents n
chronological
rder,
sso-
ciated
with
the time
when
they
were
studied.The
rules given
are
intended
for
boys: Ista
quidempuerilia
unt, alia
tamen
quae pueris
prodesse
possunt.
Evi-
dently,
t
the
beginning
f
their ourse
Hugo's pupils
were
first
aught
how
to
study.
History,
llegory,
nd
tropology
re
next
announced s
the three
methods
of
Scripture xposition.4 istory, he first fthese,was tobe the basis of all instruc-
1
The
work
s
described
by
B.
Haureau,
'La
Chronique
de
Hugues
de
Saint-Victor,'
ournaldeB
Savants,
886, 302-306, and
bv
the
same
author,Les
WEuvrese
Hugues de
Saint-Victor
Paris,
1886),
187-190. The
chronological
able
of
popes
and
emperors, hich
occupiesthe
last
twelveof the
forty
folios, s
published n a
compressed
orm
y Waitz
in M.
G. H.,
SS.,
xxiv
(Hannover,1879),
90-97.
2 B. N.
15009, Fol.
Jr, p. 488, ine50, below. 3
Fol.
2r, p.
490, ine
30.
4As
in
Hugo's
DidascaliconP. L.,
CLXXV, 789C.
For
the place
of
history n
Hugo's course of
study,
see
G.
Pare,
A.
Brunet, nd P.
Tremblay,
La
Renaissancedu
XlIe
Siecle
(Paris, 1933),
18-927,and
W.
A.
Schneider,
Geschichte
nd
Geschichtsphilosophie
ei
Hugo
vonSt
Victor
Mllnster,
933),
19-36.
Although
history
elonged
to the
Biblical
studies,
hese
were
closely
nterwovenwith
the secular
disciplinescf.Schneider, p. cit., 5,n. 101). Studentsmusthavemade a beginning oth ngrammar
and in Bible
study
before
oming
o
Hugo's classes.
Historywas
there iven
first
lace for wo
reasons;
(1)
It
was
the
foundation or
llegory
nd
tropology, n
whichHugo
placed the
greatest
tress. 2)
It
offered
ata
especially uited for
training he
memory,
which he
believed to
be of
fundamental
importance.
f. fol.
2r,p.
490,1.
39 f.: In
sola
enim
memoria
mnisutilitas
doctrinae
onsistit.'
484
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8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
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Hugo
of St
Victor
485
tion: 'Sed
nos hystoriam
une
in
manibus
habenus,
quasi
fundamentum
mnis
doctrinaeprimum
n memoria
collocandum.
The essential
data of
history
re
declared
o be persons,
laces,
and dates.2
Of
these
limitednumberwas
selected
to be memorized
n the
basic course:
Oportet
nos ex
omnibus
brevem
uandam
summam olligere uasi fundamentumundamenti,oc est, primum undamen-
tum, quam
facile
possit
animus comprehendere
t memoria
retinere...
cui
quicquid
per
ectionem ostea
superaedificaverit
ine difficultate
t cito capiet
et
diu retinebit.'3
he prologue
loses with
rehearsal
f
the
workof the
six
days
of
creation,
nd
the tables
follow,
n
thirty-seven
olios.
There can
be
no doubt
that this
s the work
on history o
which
Hugo
refers
n
the
prologue
f
the
first ook
of his De Sacramentis.
Cum gitur
e
prima
ruditione
acri loquii uae
nhistoricaonstat
ectione
ompendio-
sumvolumen rius
ictassem,
oc
nunc
d
secundam
ruditionemquae
n
allegoria
st)
introducendisraeparavi;n quo, i fundamentouodam ognitionisideinimumtabili-
ant, ut caetera
uae
vel legendo
el audiendo
uperaedificare
otuerit,
nconcussa
er-
maneant.
anc
enim uasi
brevem uandam
ummam
nunam eriem
ompegi.4
It may
be observed: 1)
The
De
tribusmaximis
s
the
only compendiosum
olu-
men'
by Hugo
devoted
exclusively o
history.
2)
Verbal
parallels
n
the
two pro-
logues
confirm
he identity,
s
may be seen
by comparing
he two passages
ust
quoted.
(3)
There
is in both works
symmetrical
alance
between
conditio
ex
diebus
perfectand
reparatio ex
aetatibus
erfecta,
he former
eing
divided
nto
creatio
ante
omnem iem), dispositio
first
o third
day),
and ornatus
fourth o
sixthday).5
The introductory
ature of
this
schoolbook
vidently
ccounts
for ts place
in
the
first dition
of
Hugo's
collected
works.That
edition, n
four
volumes,was
prepared
by
Gilduin,
who was
abbot
of St Victor's
during
Hugo's
time.The
first
volume contained
number
of works ntended
for chool
use, and
among
them
the
manualof history
tood
first.6
ilduin
was of course
cquainted
with the use
I
Fol.
2v, p. 491,
ine 11.
2
Fol. 2v,p. 491,
lines 16-18.
In Didascalicon, P. L.,
CLXXV, 799C,
he names four tems,
persona,
negotium,
empus,
et locus.' The negotium, owever,
ould
be
set forth
nly
in a
narrative,
nd
hencewas less suitablefor hesortof memory rill ntended n connectionwith his book.
3
Fol.
2v,p. 491,
lines 14-921.
4
P. L., cIxxvI,
183. H. 0. Taylor, The
Medieval
Mind (4th ed., London,
1930) i, 91, dentifies
he
compendiosum
olumen ith he
De scripturist criptoribus
acris;Haureau
takes
t
to be
the first
art
of the Excerptionum
llegoricarumibri
XXIV; Schneider,
op.
cit.,
16, leaves
the
question
open. Schneider's
issertation
s largely ased
on the Excerptiones.
f the De tribusmaximis
he
seems
to know
nly he ist
of popes and emperors
op.
cit.,
5).
6
Fols 2v-3v, . 491,
ines 34-35 and Plate A; De sacramentis,
.
L., cLxxvI,
183-185.
6
The indiculum
f
Gilduin's
edition
s
preserved
n
Ms.
49 of
Merton
College, published
by
J.
de
Ghellinck,
La Table des Matieres
de la
Premiere
dition
des (Euvres
de Hugues de Saint-Victor,'
Recherches
e Science
Religieuse,
(1910),
270-289, 385-396. The usual
title De tribus
maximis
. .
'
doesnotappear n the ndiculum, ut instead he titlecronica,with he ncipit nd explicit othofthe
prologue
nd of the
chronicle roper.The
otherworks n the first
olume as
listed by Gilduin and
identified y Ghellinck,
p. cit.,
283-289)
were (2) the
introdtiction
o Scripture tudy printed
n
P. L., cixxv, 1-35;
(3) the Didascalicon,
which ets
forth he whole program
f Hugo's
studies; 4)
the Epitoma n philosophiam,
sketch losely
elated o
the
Didascalicon;
5)
a textbook f
grammar;
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8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
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486
Hugo
of
St
Victor
of
the
book
in the
abbey
school,
hence regarded
he
first
lace
in
the
collection
s
most
suitable
for t.
AUTHORSHIP,
TITLE,
AND
DATE
Although
Hugo's
authorship
f
the
De
tribus
maximis
was
denied
by
the
editors
of
the
Histoire
Litteraire
e la France,'
and
questioned
by
Waitz,2
t
has
been
fully
established
by
Haureau.3
The
facts
are:
(1)
The
majority
of
manuscripts
name
Hugo
as author.
2)
Alberic
of
Trois-Fontaines
epeatedly
ites
the
work
as
Hugo's.
(3) It
is
included
n
the
indiculum
f Hugo's
works,
ollectedby
his
abbot
Gilduin.
The
title
varies
somewhat.
n twelve
manuscripts
he
title
appears
at
the
in-
cipit,
De tribus
maximis
ircumstantiis
estorum,
d
est,
personis,
ocis,
emporibus
Two
have the
title
Cronica.
Of those
which
have examined,
he
remainder
ave
no title,
rone
written
n
a laterhand.Threeofthetwelvewhichhave theusual
title refer
o
the
tables
which
follow he prologue
s Chronica.
n
the
ndiculum
of Gilduin's
edition
he
work
s
called
Cronica,
ut the Prologus
s
distinguished
from
he
Cronica roper.
vidently
both names
were
n
use from
he
beginning.
The date
of the
book
is
probably
1130: (1)
Hugo's
last entry
n
the
table
of
popes
was
Honorius ecundus
edit
nnis
v mensibus
i.' Honorius'
death
on
Feb-
ruary
14,
1130
fixes
he terminus
ostquem.
2)
Alberic
of Trois-Fontaines4
e-
clares
that
the
chronicle
f
Hugo
ended
with
1130.
(3)
The
same
statement
s
made
in one
manuscript
f the
chronicle.5
he
numerals
which
fillout the
last
page (inParis,B. N. 15009,fol.40v, nd pressumablyn the archetype)go on to
1135, evidently
with he
expectation
hat
the manuscript
would
be
continued
y
later
hands.
MANUSCRIPTS
Twenty
manuscripts
ave
been examined
for his study,
of
which
hirteen
re
ofthe twelfth
entury,
nd
a
number
f
these
were
made
very
oon
after he
book
was
firstwritten.
The extant
copies
were preserved
n
the
monasteries
nd
cathedrals
f northern
rance, Germany,
nd
England.
Haureau6
suggests
hat
thepopularity f hebookwas dueto itsbrevitynd consequent heapness.While
this
s
doubtless
partial
explanation,
he
dissemination
f the
work
must
have
been due primarily
o the
prestige
fHugo
and the
school
t
St Victor's.
The prologue
was
sometimes eparately
opied,
and
sometimes
etached
from
the remainder,
nasmuch
s it had
an interest
f
its
own.
Portions
of the
tables
wereoften
mitted,
withmuch
resultant
onfusion
nd
variety
n the
manuscripts.
The text
of heprologue,
owever,
s usually
well
preserved.
he
first
even
manu-
scripts
escribed
elow
show
no
signifiant
roupings,
ut the
others
all
nto
three
well defined
roups.
Sigla
are
assigned
to
the
seven
whose
readings
re given
n
the critical pparatus.
(6)
a
textbook
f geometry;
7 and 8) the
two
treatises n
the
ark
of Noah,
P.
L., cr=xxvi,
617-704;
and
(9) the essay
De Institutione otitiorum,
.
L.,
cLxvIii,
925-952.
1
Histoire
Litt&raire
e la France,
xxi (Paris,
1869), 56.
2 M. 0. H., SS., xxiv,
88.
' Journal
esSavants,
886, pp.
803-306.
4 M. 0. H., xxiii,
828.
1f
Auxerre,
Ms.
145,
p.
60.
6
Journal
des Savants,1886,
p.
305.
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8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
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Hugo of St Victor
487
Ungrouped
V B.
N. 15009, fols
1r_40v,
xii cent., 33 11., 7X 24 cm.,
from bbey
of St Victor.
In
pagination nd arrangement
f
tables t mustbe identical
with he archetype, r
nearly
so,for very ttempted earrangementf thecompressedmaterialhas led to confusion.
Its orthography
nd
arrangement re followed
n
this
edition,
xcept
where
otherwise
noted.
W B.
N.
14872,
fols
49r-86v
(fol.
68 missing),
ii
cent.,
32-35
11.,
7
X)24
cm.,
from t
Victor's.
The pagination s
almost identicalwith V. Errors
are especially
frequent
n
numerals.
B. N.
15695,
fols
66r-67r,
xiii
cent.,
from
he Sorbonne.
It containsonly
the pro-
logue,
and may be a copy of
W.
Auxerre
45, pp.
5-62,
xii
cent.,
33
X)43
cm.,
from
aint-Marien.
Two folios, ontain-
ingtheprologue nd
the first ageoftables,
re missing.
he last entry y the first
and
is the
name
of
Pope
Lucius
iii
(1181-1185),
hence Molinier,Catalogue
General,
i,
59,
is
wrong n assigningt to the thirteenthentury.
L
Valenciennes42,
fols
r-54r,
XII cent. about
1144),
7 11., 8 X927 m., cols.,
rom
Saint-Amand.
The first and ends
with thename of
nnocent 1130-1143).
B. N. 4891, fols
r-37v,
xiii
cent.,
35-37 11., cols.,
19
X 28 cm.,from
heBibliotheca
Regia.
The tables
ofthe De tribusmaximis
re followed y another ection
fols38r-40r)
beginningPraesens
saeculum
distinguitur
n
duos status
sive
n
tria
tempora,'which
n
somemanuscripts
s incorporated
n
the prologue
of the
De
tribus.
B. N.
4932,
fols
r-44v,
XIII or xiv
cent.,
34
11.,
3
X
8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
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488 Hugo of St
Victor
D Douai364, fols 03v-133r,
xii
cent. shortly fter 154), 8511., cols., 22
X34
cm.,
from
Marchiennes.The sectionDe duobus tatibus t tribus emporibuss made a part of the
prologue cf. B. N. 4891). The tables are rearranged,with omissions.
Douai
27,
fols 15v-1
18r,
xiii cent.,29
11.,,
cols., 15
X2
2
cm.,fromMarchiennes.
his
is a portion f the prologue, opied from he preceding.
B. N.
15139, fols
242r-247r,
xii cent., 40-51 11., 0X18 cm., from he abbey of St
Victor.This is an abridgment f the first alf of the De tribus,with some additions. t
contains he nsertion e duobus tatibus, nd is otherwise loselyrelated o D. The ma-
terial s crowded, nd the tabular arrangement ntirely bandoned.
Cambrai965,fols
129r-167v,
xii
cent. (shortly fter1143), 2 cols.,
22
X)31
cm., from
the cathedralof Cambrai. This manuscript s closelyrelated to B, but sometimes re-
serves he truereading ost by both B and D.
Troyes nd Saint-OmerManuscripts
Troyes
259,
fols
1r-38v,
xii
cent. (before 1153), 36 11.,2 cols., 24 X32 cm., from
Clairvaux. The section Tres sorores omes at the end.
Saint-Omer
16, ols
9v-129r,
XIII
cent.,
2
cols.,
24
X34 cm.,
from lairmarais.
Tables
are rearranged.
Other
Manuscripts
Vatican
City,Reginae
Christinae
at. 453, fols r-22r,
xii
cent.,82-45
11.
his
is
a
frag-
ment, ontaining nly the atterpart of the De tribus.
Berlin at. 863, fols
366v-369v,
xiv
cent. A fragment.
Berlin lat. 864, fols
290v-296v,
xv cent. Another fragment.
Leipzig, Bibl. Univ. lat. 350, fols 94-1925, nd of
xii
cent., fromVetus
Cella.
De-
scribedby Pertz,M. G. H.,
SS.,
XVI,
41, and by Waitz in Pertz, Archiv,
i
(1858),
351.
Cheltenham, ngland,Library fSir Thomas hillipps,12200,
XIII
orxiv cent.,folios
not stated. See Waitz,
Neues Archiv,
v
(1879), 600.
fol.
Jr
Liber Magistri
Hugonis
Sancti
Victoris
De Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis estorum
id
est
PersonisLocis Temporibus
5
Fili, sapientia thesaurus est et cor tuum archa. Quando sapientiam discis,
thesaurizas ibi thesaurosbonos, thesauros mmortales, hesauros ncorruptibiles,
qui numquam veterascunt,nec speciem claritatis suae amittunt. n thesauris
sapientiaevariae sunt opum species et in archa cordis tui conditoria
multa.
Alibi
aurumet alibi argentum, libi apides preciosidisponuntur. ispositio
ordinis
llus-
10
tratio st cognitionis. ispone et distingue ingula ocis suis, eorsum sta et
seorsum
illa, ut scias quid ibi et quid ibi collocatum it. Confusio gnorantiae t
oblivionis
mater est, discretio utem intelligentiamlluminat t memoriam onfirmat.
ides
nummularium iversasmonetashabentem, uemadmodummarsupium
num
mul-
tiplici divisione ntersepiat, ta ut unus ambitus plures
intrinsecus
ellas
com-
15
plectatur.Partita namque pecunia et monetis ingulis b invicemdiscretis,
mnia
suis
locis servanda disponit, uatinus psa locorum distinctio
erum
particionem,
sicut
divisam suscipit, ta custodiat mpermixtam. ost haec
cernis
n
exponendo
concambioquomodo manus prompta ine impedimento equiturquocumqueeam
nutus volentisporrexerit,t omne, quod vel accepturuspoposceritvel promiserit
1-4
Titulum
mCW cronicamagistri ugonis
7
spetiem
7
suae
om
BD
9
speties
8-9
alibi rgentumt alibi urum D 11 quid bi et ibi quid C
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8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
7/12
Hugo
of
St Victor
489
daturus,
velociter ine
mora in
apertum
discretum
t
inconfusum roducit.
Et
fortassis
idiculummirandumque
atis
intuentibus
pectaculum
praeberetur,
um
unus et idem sacculus
tam
multas
species
mpermixtas
ffunderet,
i
ipsa
spelunca
ore reserato
ot
ntrinsecus
ntra hiantia
non
demonstraret.
unc autem psa quae
demonstraturocorumdiscretiouno et eodem tempore t intuentibus ollitfacti 5
miraculum
t agentibus
faciendi mpedimentum.
icut enim am
praefati
umus,
discretio
erum videntiam
acit.
Evidentia vero
rerum nimum imul
et in
agni-
tione
lluminat t
in memoria onfirmat.
edi
ergo,
fili,
d cor tuum et
considera
qualiter n eo disponere
t
collocaredebeas
preciosos
apientiae
hesauros, t scias
singula
receptacula ius,
et
cum
quid
in
eis
servandum
osueris,
ali
ordinedispone
10
ut, cum
ratio
poposcerit,
acile
per
memoriam
nvenire t
per intelligentiam
og-
noscere
et per
facundiam
possis proferre.
uius
dispositionis
ationem
alem
tibi
propono.
Tribus modisdiscernenda
unt n animo
ea quae discuntur,ecundum
numerum,
secundum
ocum, t secundum
empus,
ta omnia
quae
audieris t facile
ntellecta
15
capies et diu memoriaretinebis, i ea secundumhanc trinamdistinctionem on-
siderare
didiceris.
Quomodo
haec fieri
ossint,per
singula
demonstrabo. rimum
de discretione umeri.
Disce
contemplari
n animo tuo lineam
naturalisnumeri b
fol.
v
uno
in
quamlibet
longamporrectionem
uasi
ante
oculos
cordis/tui
xtensam.
Deinde
cum audierisquemlibet
numerum
ominari,
elociter
bi
cogitationem
n- 20
flectere
ssuesce,
ubi summaeius
clauditur, uasi
ad illud
punctum
uo
in
supremo
ipse numerus erminatur.
erbi gratia,
cum
audis
decem,
decimum
punctum
on-
templare,
um
duodecim
duodecimum,
t secundumfinem otum
comprehendas,
et
sic
in
ceteris.
Hanc
autem
cogitationem
t
hunc modum
maginandi
omesticum
habe et
usitatum,
ut quasi
visibiliter
ntuearis
omnium
numerorum
finemet
25
terminum,elut
discretis
ocis
dispositum.
t haec consideratio
uomodo
ad
dis-
cendumsit utilisaudi. Verbigratia,psalterium d verbumcordetenus ffirmare
volo. Sic
facio: primum
onsideroquot psalmos
habeat.
Invenio cl. Per
ordinem
omnes
ddisco,ut sciam
quis primus,
uis secundus,
uis
tercius, t sic de ceteris.
Taliter
dispono
n
corde
meo omnes
per
ordinem
n
linea naturalis
numeri, t cum
30
singulos
nominavero
n
suis sedibus
ubi
in
ipsa
linea
naturalis numeri
dispositi
sunt, simulcum
prolatione
vel
cogitatione
ttendo
ut idem mihi
sit
quantumad
cordis intuitum:
Beatus vir,' quod
primus
psalmus; 'Quare
fremuerunt,' uod
secundus;
Domine quid
multiplicati unt,'
quod tercius;
hoc
est, primo,
ecundo,
tercio oco attentus.
t
hanc considerationem
ta
pervigili
ntencione ordi
mprimo
35
ut interrogatus
ine
dubitatione
respondere
ossim,
sive
ordine
prolatis, ive
uno
aut pluribus ntermissis,ive conversoordine et retrograde ominatis x notissa
locorum
dispositione, uis
primus,
quis secundus,
quis
etiam xxvii,xlviii, sive
quotuslibet
it psalmus.
Hoc
modo
scripturas
e affirmasse
stendunt
qui, auc-
toritate
psalmi
alicuius usuri,
hoc
dixerunt
n
lxiii,
hoc
in
lxxv,
sive alio quolibet
40
psalmo
scriptum st,
in
eius
significatione
on
proferentes
omen,
ed
numerum.
An
putas
eos, quociens
aliquem psalmorum
numero
designarevolebant,
paginas
replicasse, t ibi
a principio
ompotum
rdientes cire
possent
quotus esset
quisque
psalmorum?
Nimis magnus
fuisset
abor iste
in
negotio
tali.
Habebant ergo
in
corde
potius noticiam,
et
memoria
retinebant,
icut didicerantnumerum
et
45
ordinem
ingulorum.
ognitis
autem
psalmis,
dem facio in
singulis
psalmis de
initiis
ersuum
uod feci n toto psalterio
de initiis
salmorum,
otamquedeinceps
seriemnsingulis ersibus acile orderetineo ostquam,dividendo t distinguendo
imprimis
ibrum
per psalmos
deinde
psalmumper versus,
tantam
prolixitatem
12
proferreossis
M
31
nominavero]
umeravero
3435 ter
quod]
quia BD
35
attentus]/ntentus
um asura
89
psalmus
itBD 40
usuri]
siBD
43
quisque
esset
CD
47-48
totamque
eriem
einceps
49
deinde
salmos
M
This content downloaded from 194.199.5.51 on Wed, 07 Oct 2015 19:16:54 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
8/12
490
Hugo
of St
Victor
ad tantum
compendium
t brevitatem
edegi.
Et hoc quidem
in psalmis
sive
in
aliis libris
ertas
distinctiones
abentibus
acile
videri
potest.
Ubi
autem
continua
series
est
lectionis,
d ipsum
artificio
ieri
portet,
ut scilicetsecundum
ectoris
placitum,ubi competentius idebitur, rimum ota series n certasaliquas partes
5 dividatur,
t
illae rursum
n
alias, illae
iterum
n
alias, donec
tota prolixitas
ta
restringatur,
uo eam
animus
in
singulis
facile
complecti
possit.Memoria
enim
semper
gaudet
et
brevitate
n spatio
et
paucitate
n
numero,
t propterea
necesse
est ut,
ubi
series ectionis
n longum
tenditur,
primum
n pauca dividatur,
ut
fol.
2r
quod
animus
spatio
comprehendere/non
otest
saltem
numero
comprehendat,
t
10 rursum, um
postea
per
subdivisionem
arcium
in multa
spargitur,
n singulis
parvitate
vel brevitate
diuvetur.
Ecce
vidistiquid
valeat
ad discendum
iscretio
numeri.
nunc
vide
et considera
quid
valeat
in
id ipsum
discretio
oci.
Numquid
non considerasti
liquando
quemadmodum
puer,
i sepius
codicem
nter
egendum
mutaverit,
difficilius
d quod
legiturmemoriae
mprimere
ossit?
Cur hoc,
nisi
15 quia imaginatio ordis,cumper sensusexterius n tam multasfiguras er libros
diversos
pargitur,
illa
intrinsecus
pecialispermanere
otestperquam
memoria
confirmetur?
am
cum
omnibus
indiscrete
nformari
ogitur,
alia alii
super-
veniente,
emperque
posteriore
riorem
etergente,
ulla domestica
remanet
ut
familiaris
uae
usu et
assiduitate
erta
habeatur.
Multum
ergo
valet
ad memoriam
20
confirmandam
t,
cum
libros
egimus,
non
solum
numerum
t ordinem
versuum
vel
sententiarum,
ed etiamr
psum
colorem
et
formam
imul
et
situmpositio-
nemque litterarum
er
imaginationem
memoriae
mprimere
tudeamus,
ubi
illud
et ubi illud
scriptum
vidimus,
qua
parte,
quo
loco
(suppremo,
medio,
vel imo)
constitutum
speximus,
uo
coloretractum
itterae
el faciem
membranae
rnatem
25
intuiti
umus.
Ego puto
ad
memoriam
xcitandam
tiam lludnon nichilprodesse,
ut eas quoque quae extrinsecus cciderepossuntcircumstantias erumnon neg-
legenter
ttendamus,
t
verbia
gratia,
um
faciem
tqualitatem
ive
situm
ocorum
reminiscimur
bi
illud
vel
illud audivimus,
vultus
quoque
et habitus
personarum
a
quibus
illa
vel illa
didiscimus,
t si
qua
sunt talia
quae
gestionem
uiuslibet
30
negotii
comitantur.
sta
quidem
omnia
puerilia
sunt,
talia tamen
quae
pueris
prodesse
possunt.
Post discretionem
umeri
et loci
sequitur
discretio
emporis,
hoc est,quid
prius
quid
posterius
actum it,
quantum
prius
t quantum
posterius,
quot
annis,
quot mensibus,
uot
diebus
hoc
illud
praecedat
et
aliud
istud
sub-
sequatur.
Ad
hanc discretionem
ertinet
llud etiam
ut et ex ipsa qualitate
tem-
35
poris quando
hoc
vel
illud didiscimus
mentempostmodum
d
rerummemoriam
revocare ciamus,
cum
aliud
nocte
aliud
die,
aliud
hieme
aliud
estate,
aliud
sub
nubilo aliud sub serenogestumfuissereminiscimur.sta vero omnia praeludio
quodam
texuimus,
ueris
puerilia
comparantes,
e forte
minima
haec rudimenta
doctrinae pernentes
aulatim
diffluerencipiamus.
n sola enim memoria
omnis
40
utilitas
doctrinae onsistit,
uia
sicut
audisse
non
profuit
i
qui
non
pituit
ntelli-
gere,
ta nec
intellexisse
aluit
ei
qui
vel noluit
vel non
potuit
retinere.
antum
ergo
audisse
profuit
uantum
contigit
ntellexisse,
t tantum
ntellexisse
uantum
retinuisse.
ed
sunt
quaedam
fundamenta cientiae,
quae
si
memoriaefirmiter
impressa
fuerint,
acile
cetera
omnia patescunt.
Haec
tibi
in subiecta
pagina
eo
1 et brevitatemmBD 5 dividatur]istinguatur bis llae] lleV rursum]ursus CD
9
spatio
m C
13
et
puer
V 16
specialis]
piritalis
92
permaginem
D
25
ad
memoriam
xcitandam]
d memorandam
em
aliquam
C 14 extrinsecus]ntrinsecus
D
29 didiscimus
V
didi/cimus
um
asura
LW didicimus
M
34
sequatur
35
didis-
cimus
BCV
didi/cimus
um
rasura
W didicimus discimus
M 41
ita
intellexisse
on
M
42
quantum
ntellexisse
ontigit
D
This content downloaded from 194.199.5.51 on Wed, 07 Oct 2015 19:16:54 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
9/12
Hugo
of
St
Victor
491
ordine
dispositapraescribemus
uo
ipsa
volumus nimo
tuo per memoriam
nseri,
ut
quicquid
postea
superedificaverimus
olidum
sse
possit.
Divinarum
cripturarum
xpositio
mnis
ecundum
riplicemensum ractatur:
fol.
2v
historiam, llegoriam,et tropologiam,d est moralitatem./Hystoriast rerum
gestarum
arratio
per primam
itterae
ignificationem
xpressa.
Allegoria
st
cum
5
per factum
hystoriaequod
in sensu
litterae
nvenitur liud
sive praeteriti ive
praesentis
ive
futuri emporis
actum
nnuitur.
Tropologia
est cum
in eo quod
factum
udimus, uid nobis
sitfaciendum
gnoscimus.Unde etiam
recte
ropologia,
id est,
sermo onversus
ive
ocutio
replicata,nomen
ccepit, quia
nimirum
lienae
narrationis
ermonem ad nostram tunc
eruditionem
onvertimus,
um facta
10
aliorum egendo
ea nobis ad
exemplum
vivendi
conformamus.
ed nos
hystoriam
nunc
in manibus
habemus, quasi
fundamentum mnis
doctrinae
primum
in
memoria
collocandum.
Sed quia, ut
diximus,memoria
brevitategaudet,
gesta
autem temporum
nfinita ene
sunt, oportetnos ex
omnibus
brevem
quandam
summam olligere uasifundamentumundamenti,ocest,primum undamentum, 15
quam
facile
possit
animus
comprehendere
t
memoria
etinere.
ria
igitur
unt n
quibus
praecipue
cognitiopendet rerum
gestarum,
d
est, personaea
quibus
res
gestae
sunt, e loca in
quibus
gestae
sunt,
et
tempora
quando gestae sunt. Haec
tria
quisquis
memoriternimo
tenuerit, nveniet e
fundamentum
abere
bonum,
cui
quicquid per lectionem
ostea
superedificaveritine
difficultatet cito
capiet
20
et diu
retinebit.
Verumptamen
oc
ita
memoriter etinere
portet t
assidua re-
tractatione
domesticum t
notum
habere,
ut
promptus it
ad
oninia
audita cor
suum
ptare, t ea quae hic
didiscerit d
omnia
quae postmodum
udierit
ecundum
locum et
tempuset
personam
ongrua
distributione
ssignare.
Siquidem n
archa
cordis
empus t
numerus
ongitudinem
metiuntur,
ream n
latitudinem
xpandit
25
locus, ut deindeceteradisponantur ocis suis. Primum giturpersonascum tem-
poribus
suis
ordine
disponemus,
n
longitudinemineam ab
exordio
porrigentes.
Deinde loca etiam
designabimus
uantumcapacitas
adbreviationis
atietur uffi-
cienter
x
universitate
ollecta. Nunc
ergosatage
ut
ea
quae
subter
describentur
ita
memoriae
uae
imprimas, ecundummodum
et
formam
iscendi
uperius ibi
30
demonstratam,t
experimento
ictorummeorum
eritatem
gnoscere
ossis,cum
videris
quantum
valeat,
non auditui
scripturarum
ive
loquacitati
solummodo
studium
t
operam
mpendere,
ed memoriae.
Sex
diebus
perfecta
st rerum
onditio,
t sex etatibus
perficitur ominum
e-
paratio. Mundus
ante omnem diem
factus,
sex diebus
formatus, ribus
diebus
35
primisdispositus,
ribus
equentibus rnatus st.
Prima
die
facta
est
lux,secunda
die firmamentumnter quas superiores t aquas inferiores.ertia die congregatae
sunt
aquae quae
erant suber
firmamentum
n
locum
unum,
et
apparuit
arida,
virentiaqueet
fructum
germinantia
roduxit.
Ecce
quattuor
elementorum is-
positio. Caelum sursum
expansum
est,
deinde
aer
serenatus
st,
deinde
aquae in 40
fol.
3r unum
congregatae
unt,
deinde
terra
revelata
est.
Sequitur
ornatus./Quarta
die
facta
sunt
luminaria n
ornamentum
aelorum,
ol
et
luna
et
stellae.
Quinta die
facti
sunt
pisces
de
aquis
et
volucres,
volucres
ad
ornamentum
eris, pisces
ad
ornamentum
quarum.
Sexta die
facta
sunt
umenta t
bestiae
et
cetera
animantia
quae
moventur
uper
terram,
d
ornamentum
errarum.
Novissime in
consum-
45
1
nseri]
nferri
7
factum
m
B
8
faciendum
it
DM
etiam
mM
16
n
memoria
17
pendet
erum
estarum
ognitio
18
n
quibus
t
tempora
19
animo
memoriterD
memoritermC
21
Verumptamen]
erum
9.92
otum]
ovum
23
didiscerit
didi/cerit
cum asura W didicerit
CD
didicit
M
26
ut]
t BD
disponuntur
Q8
tiam
oca
BD
30
tibi
uperius
82
valet
tibi
aleatM
35-36
primis
iebus
CMW
43 sunt
m
CDLM
This content downloaded from 194.199.5.51 on Wed, 07 Oct 2015 19:16:54 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
10/12
492
Hugo
of
St Victor
mationem
omnium
factus
est homo,
Adam
et
Eva. Adam
cum esset
centum
triginta nnorum
genuit Seth.
Et vixit
Adam
postquam
genuit
Seth
decc
annos.
Sic in Hebreo
invenitur.
erum
xx interpretes
nte natum
Seth
cc
triginta
nnos
ponunt,
postea
dcc.
Et factum
st omnetempus
vitae Adam
anni
deccc
triginta.
5 Et cetera icutsubter equuntur ecundumHebraicamveritatem isposita.
1 est
omM
4
Adam itae
V vitae m
M
5 ebraicam
THE
TABLES
The tables
which
follow
have
divided nto
elevengroups,
orconvenience
f
descrip-
tion.
In
the
manuscripts
most
of
the
matter s closely compressed,
withfour
or
more
columns n each
page.
Lists incomplete
t the
foot
of a
page
are
continued n
correspond-
ing columns
of thefollowing
age,
with
the sequence
indicated
by column
headings,
or
(for he
Bible
names,group
v) by index
etters.Hugo explains
in
the
prologue
fol.
2v,
p. 491,lines24-33, above) that the columnar rrangements intendedas an aid to the
memory.
he student
was also advised
to remember
he color
and
shape of
the letters,
and thearrangement
f the
matter
n thepage
(fol.2r,
p.
490, ines
19-25).
I. Fol.
3v.Creation see
Plate
A,
lines1-8).
The twocenter
olumns
how the
order
f
creation ccording
o
Genesis,
.
On
each
side are crescents
with
nscriptions
o
mark
off
the distinction
etween he
workof
creation,
rrangement,
nd adornment,'
s
explained
in theprologue,
ols2v_3r,p.
491,lines
35-45.
ii.
Fols
3v_5r. Restoration,
n six ages
according
o the
Hebrewchronology.
his
is
a
chronological
able
of
the
succession
of
patriarchs,
udges,
kings,
nd
priests
roia
Adam
to
'Agrippa
rex.' (The first
wo ages,
fromAdam to Thare,
are shown
n Plate
A,
lines
9-32.)
Hugo
follows
Bede' in
accepting
the chronology
f
the
Hebrew
Old Testament.
But whereasBede bases his chronologyfter heBabyloniancaptivityon the reigns f
Persian,
Alexandrian,
nd Roman
rulers,Hugo
follows
he ine
ofJewish
igh
priests nd
Herodian
kings
as givenby
Eusebius2
and Syncellus
(translated
by Nicephorus).3
A
similar ist
ofnames s found
n Hugo's
Excerptiones.4
iII. Fols
5r-8r.Kingdoms
of theworld.
Lists are
given
of the
kings
of the
Assyrians,
Sicyonians,
gyptians,
Argives,
Medes,
Persians,
Athenians,
acedemonians,
Corinthians,
Macedonians,Lydians,
Latins,
Alexandrians,
yrians,
abylonians,
arthians,
Numidians,
and Romans. Names
are
arranged n
parallel
columns,
nd
the
length
of each
reign
s
usually ndicated,
s
in
thechronicle
fEusebius,
but Hugo
does
not
attempt
o
preserve
synchronism
etween
the
columns.
Eusebius
is the
chief
source,
with
additions
from
Justin,
rosius,
nd Bede.
Similar
ists are
found n the
Excerptiones.5
iv. Fols
8v-9r.
Creationand Restoration, ccording o the Septuagint hronology. t
the
end,
fol.
9r,
Hugo
explains
the purpose
of
ncluding
his
rejected
chronology.
ede
is
again
the source.6
v.
Fols 9r-16r. Miscellaneous
lists
of Hebrew
names.
From the
Old Testament
are
taken the genealogies
f
the
patriarchs,
kings
of Edom,
heads
of the twelve tribes,
he
twelve spies,
twenty-four
hiefs
of the
sanctuary,twenty-four
ingers
of the
temple,
David's mighty
men,
orty-twoncampments
n the
wilderness,
ndforty-eight
ities
of the
Levites.7The highpriests,
Maccabees,
and
Herods named
in
group
i are
again
listed,
and thebooks
of theBible
are classified
s in
Didascalicon,
v,
2-7.
'M.
G. H., AA.,
xiii, 247-983.
2
Griechischehristliche
chrift3teller,
v,
104-187.
3
Corpus criptorumistoriaeByzantinae, xii (Bonn,1829), 456-658.
4
P. L.,
cLxxvii, 215
f.
Ibid.,coll.
225-237.
6
Loc. cit.,note
17. Bede
gives he rejected hronology
f
the x along
with
he
other,
nd
not
n
a
separate able.
7
Genesis
v, x, xi,
xiv,
xxii,xxv, xxvi,xxxvi,
xlvi;
Exodus
vi, xviii,xxxi;
Num.
i, xiii, xxvi,
xxxiii;
Josh.xxi;
i
Sam.
iii,
xxiii;
i
Kings xxiii.;
Chron.
i, ii, vi, vii,
xi
xxiv,xxv,
xxvi.
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8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
11/12
SVITO ~ ~
'
PLAnE
A. B.
N.
15009,
ol. V
De tinbus
naximis
drTcumatanttw,
irst
ageoftables,howig
the
order
f creation
Condittio),
and chronological
able of the
patriarchsn
the
first woages
of restora
tion
Restauiraiw).
This
is thefirst
f some eventy
ages
of names nd
dates to
be visually
memorized.
Red
etters
ereppear
s ighterhade
8/20/2019 Hugo de Tribus Maximis Circumstantiis Gestorum
12/12
Hugo
of
St
Victor
493
VI. Fols
16r-17v.
Geographical
names.
Thereare
lists
of
the
countries nd
provinces
f
Asia,
Africa,
nd
Europe,
also of
mountains,
ivers,
slands,
and
cities
including
welve
named
Alexandria).
The
same
listsare
given
nthe
third
book
of
the
Excerptiones,1
sec-
tion
which
Schneider
akes to
be
Hugo's
Mappa
mundi.2
vii.
Fol.
18v.
The
three isters. his section s found n onlyfourmanuscripts. t Anneis said tohave beenthrice
married,
nd to
have
borne
o
each
husband
a
daughter
amed
Mary.
These
three
sisters
became
the
motherof
the
Lord, the
motherof
James
and
Joseph,
nd
the
mother
of
Zebedee's
sons.
Hugo
gives
the
same
account in a
note
on
Galatians,
v,
19.3
viii.
Fols
19v-23r.
Table of
popes.
Three
columns
of
numeralsshow
the number
of
years,
months,
nd
days
in
each
pontificatend
each
interregnum,
hilethreemore
col-
umns
showthe
sums
of
these
numbers.
The
accumulationof
days
and
months s never
carried
over
to
the
number
of
years,
hence
the
years
from
Christ
through
Honorius
are
counted
s
1048,
nsteadof
1130.
More
than
one
manuscript
f
the
Liber
pontificalis
as
used,
and the
variant
readings
re
shown
s
alternativesn
Hugo's
table.
ix. Fols
24r-27v.
Tables ofrulers incethetimeofChrist.This is logically continua-
tion
of
the
tables
of
group ii.
Lists
are
given
of
Roman
and
Byzantine
emperors,
ings
of
the
Franks,
Germans,
Vandals,
Ostrogoths,
Visigoths,
ombards,
and
dukes
of
Nor-
mandy
and
Apulia. In
some
ists
the
years
of
each
reign
re
indicated.
Many
of
the
ists
are
prefaced y
brief
arratives,
writtenn
small
script.
Both
the
names
and
the
narrative
are
generally
o
be
foundn
the
sixth
o
tenth
books
of
the
Excerptiones,4 hich
Haureau5
declares
o
be
un
abrege peu
pr6s itteral'
f
the
Historia
cclesiastica
f
Hugo of
Fleury,
written
bout
1109.
The
excerpts
rom
he
latter
work
published
by
Waitz6
hardlybear
out
Haureau's
statement.
Not
only
s
the
arrangement
f
the
Excerptiones ery
different
from
hat of
the
earlier
work,
ut
there
re
also
frequent
dditions
nd
changes n
thepas-
sages
which
an be
compared.
The
frequent
dentical
passages
show,of
course,
hat
Hugo
ofSt Victormusthave usedtheworkofthemonkofFleury, longwithotherchronicles.
x.
Fol.
27v.
Names
of
historiographers.
en
of
the
thirty-four
ames
are
from
osephus,
others
rom
ivy,
Eusebius,
Orosius,
nd
Gregory f
Tours.
The
listhas
been
published
by
Pertz.7
xi.
Fols
29r-40v
(fol.
28 is
blank).
Chronological
able
of
popes
and
emperors,
rom
Jesus
Christ
o
Honorius i.
A
different
anuscript
f
the
Liber
pontificalis
as
here
used,
hence
there
re
frequent
ariations
from
he
earlier
table
of
popes
(viii).
In
the
chron-
ology
f
the
emperors
he
Byzantine
uccession
s
followed
othe
time
f
Charlemagne,nd
thereafter
he
succession
of
Carolingian
and
German
emperors.
During
the
eleventh,
twelfth, nd
thirteenth
enturies
number
of
chronicles
resent
ynchronousables
of
popes
and
emperors. f
those
publishedby
Waitz,8
only
one is
earlier
than
Hugo's,
and
itwas evidently otusedbyhim.His ownchroniclewas frequentlysedbylaterwriters,
and
must
have
done
much
to
establish
he
popularity
f
the
type.9
I
P.
L.,
cIxxvii,
209-216.
2
Op. C.,
16.
8
P.
L.,
cIxxv,
555.
4
P.
L.,
cixxvii,
239-284.
'
Les
cEuvre8
e
Hugues,
p.
185.
6
M. G.
H.,
SS.,
ix, 354-364.
7
Archiv,
i
(1858),
307 f.
8
M. G.
H.,
SS.,
xxiv,
81-288.
?Wattenbach, eut8chlands eschicht8quellen6thed., Berlin,
1894),
I,
466 f.