HUANG Lihua, Fudan Univer sity Session 2 Concept of Information Systems PART I Foundations of Information Systems in Business
HUANG Lihua, Fudan University Session 2 Concept of Information Systems PART I Foundations of Information Systems in Business.
Dec 26, 2015
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HUANG Lihua, Fudan University
Session 2 Concept of Information Systems
PART I Foundations of Information Systems in Business
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
What is a SYSTEM?
• A system is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process.– Components and their attribution
• Systems structure: relationship between components
• Subsystems
– Environment and Boundary
– Input and Output S1S2
S3S4
Systems structure
Subsystems
Systems Boundary
Environment
Systems Input Output
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Abstract Concept of a Systems
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Example: a manufacturing system
INPUTof raw materials
OUTPUT of finished products
Manufacturing
PROCESS
Control byManagement
Control signals
Control signals
Feedback signals
Feedback signals
System Boundary
Environment
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Pottery Company Organization Systems
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
Control byManagement
Control signals
Control signals
Feedback signals
Feedback signals
System Boundary
Environment
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Systems Category in Pottery Company Systems
• Organization System
• Function Systems– Manufacturing System
– Sell System
– Procurement System
– HR System
– Finance System
– Product design System
– …….
• Infrastructure System– Plant system
– Machine system
– ……
• Information system– Informal IS, formal IS, for
mal computer-based IS
• Logistics System,
• Capital system
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
What is an Information Systems?
• An information system can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications network, and data resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Components of an Information System
Control
Input Process
Memory
Output
DataPeople
Software
network
computer
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Information Systems In Pottery Company
• System:
• Information Product:
People resources
hardware resources
Software resources
Data
resources
Network resources
Specialists
End users
Machines
Media
Programs
ProcedureData entities and attribution
Communication hardware
Communication software
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Information Systems Activities
• Input of Data– Manual input by key, scanning, sound, image,…
• Processing of Data into Information– Calculate, sort, find, report, disseminate……
• Output of Information Products– Report, display, suggestion, ……
• Storage of Data Resource– Database, data file, maintenance, …..
• Control of System Performance– Audit, ……
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
DATA & INFORMATION & KWONLEDGE
• DATA: – Streams of raw facts representing events such
as business transactions, simple observations of the state of the world
• Easily structured
• Easily captured on machines
• Often quantified
• Easily transferred
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
DATA & INFORMATION & KWONLEDGE
• INFORMATION: – Data endowed with relevance and purpose, or,
Clusters of facts meaningful & useful to human beings in processes such as making decisions.
• Requires unit of analysis
• Need consensus on the meaning
• Human mediation necessary
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Data & Information
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
DATA & INFORMATION & KWONLEDGE
• KNOWLEDGE– Information from the human mind (includes
reflection, synthesis, context ), which guide human behavior in correct way.
– Information synthesized and contextualized to provide value.
• Hard to structure • Difficult to capture on machining • Hard to transfer
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Wrap Up
• Concepts– A System– An information system– 5 resource components in an information
systems– A activities in an information System– Data, information and knowledge
HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005
Assignment for Session 2
• P. 33: Review Quiz – Write down in your book, not submit
• Preparation for session 3– Reading Materials
• Textbook: chapter 1– Group Case study: Cisco Systems Architecture
• What is the legacy system problem at Cisco? How big a problem is it?
• How important is the ERP to solution of the problem and to the overall architecture? Do you see the ERP component as something that will be undertaken by some, most or all companies at they build their information age IT architecture?
• What are the essential components of Cisco’s Strategic I-Net? What is the role of Cisco’s Strategic I-Net?
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