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Space Time Telescopes

SCIENTIST presentation

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The work of Einstein and others predicts a fantastic and unbelievable cosmos:

•An expanding universe arising from a Big Bang.

•Objects of extreme gravity called black holes.

•The fabric of space & time intricately linked, warping and twisting.

Revolutionary and innovative NASA spacecraft are exploring the limits of space and time, unlocking the deep secrets of our universe.

The Big Picture: Einstein Ideas



The Hubble Space Telescope is located just above the distorting effects of the Earth’s atmosphere, making this school bus-sized telescope

uniquely capable of observing the universe in exquisite detail.

Telescopes in Space: Location, Location, Location



The James Webb Space Telescope will continue Hubble’s legacy with more light collecting capability in a less massive package,

resolving the mysteries of our universe from above the confines of Earth!

They Clearly See the Past…



The further into space we observe, the further back in time we see. Observers become time travelers through the universe.

Cosmic Time Machines…



Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe uses microwave light to study what the universe looked like before the days of stars or galaxies.

Once Upon a Time…



A color-coded temperature map of the Earth’s surface: red is hot, blue is cold.Temperatures range between +37° and -63° Celsius, a 100 degree difference.

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe studies the early universe by measuring the energy left over from the hot Big Bang.

Taking the Temperature Here On Earth…



The visible night sky shows the Milky Way spanning across the heavens,where stars, gas and dust are seen in our galaxy.

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe viewed our heavens in a different light, microwave light from the earliest of times.

Looking Out at the Night Sky



A temperature map of the night sky, seen in microwave lightTemperatures range from -270.4248° to -270.4252° Celsius.

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe measured the afterglow of the Big Bang to a precision of better than 1/10,000 of a degree!

Taking the Temperature of the Infant Universe…



The Chandra X-Ray Observatory observes some of the most energetic objects in our universe, from high above our Earth’s protective atmosphere.

Cosmic Fireworks: X-Rays from Space



High energy x-rays must skip off the shiny mirror surface at shallow angles to be observed, much different than how optical light telescopes work.

Collecting x-rays is like skipping stones on a pond!

Just Skimming the Surface…



The Crab Nebula: The Aftermath of a Supernova

The Crab Nebula is all that remains of a once-bright star. The white box on the left shows the area covered by the image on the right.



A visible light image of Centaurus A, an interesting galaxy observed with a wide lane of dust across its

center.

Visible Light View of an Interesting Galaxy



X-rays Reveal the Real Action!

A high-energy jet blasts outward from the galaxy’s center, evidence for a powerful black hole with the mass of one billion Suns!



The Chandra X-Ray Observatory and the future, more capable Constellation-X mission, with four identical X-ray telescopes working as one,

will continue to explore the limits of space and time in the hot, turbulent universe.

The Whole Picture…



The Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer observes powerful, energetic and exotic objects in our universe.

First to Burst onto the Scene!



Because gamma rays cannot be focused, Swift uses a unique technique that pinpoints the location of a gamma-ray burst by the shadow cast on an array of

detectors.

Shadow Play…



See real time detection of gamma-ray bursts at: http://grb.sonoma.edu/

Black Hole Birth Announcement…



Gravity Probe-B will answer one of the great remaining mysteries of gravity:The twisting of space and time

Let’s Twist Again (Like We Did Last Orbit)



Yes we can!

Spinning gyroscopes in orbit measure how Earth’s mass distorts local space and time.

Can We Directly Measure Distortions in Space-Time?



The Gravity Probe-B spacecraft will precisely measure the tiniest changes of its near perfect gyroscopes in Earth’s distorted space and

time.

The Little Gyroscopes That Could…



This animation is available for download at: http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2002/0192/animations.html (“Black Hole Merger”)

Movie must be saved to the same folder as this Power Point to run.

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) gravity wave observatory will detect gravitational waves that originate from powerful yet

invisible objects.

Ripples through Space and Time…



LISA “dances about” as gravitational waves pass through the surrounding space.

Where Do Gravitational Waves Come From?



Three individual craft each separated by 5 million kilometers will measure changes to tiny 4cm cubes to a precision of the width of an atom!

Measure Rippling Space-Time? Incredibly Possible!



Gravitational wave astronomy is a whole new way to explore the cosmos, venturing beyond the limits of traditional astronomy.

New Wave Astronomy…



…we discover new ways to explore!

At the limits of space and time…

Explore for yourselfwww.universeforum.org

[Insert your own mission here.](Images available on Slide 28)

NASA goes Beyond Einstein



URL or program name here


Einstein composite: NASA/GSFC, Exploration of the Universe Division

HST & HUDF images: NASA and STScI

JWST image: Northrop Grumman Space Technology, ESA Science & Technology Group

WMAP images/illustrations: NASA/WMAP Science Team

Optical image of Milky Way: © Axel Mellinger

Chandra spacecraft & optics images: NASA/CXC/SAO

Crab Nebula optical: © Walter Nowotny (U. Wien, NOT)

Crab Nebula x-ray: NASACXC/ASU/J.Hester et al

Centaurus A optical: European Southern Observatory

Centaurus A x-ray : NASA/SAO/R.Kraft et al

Centaurus A composite: NASA/CXC/M. Karovska et al.; NRAO/VLA/J.Van Gorkom/Schminovich et al; NRAO/VLA/J.Condon et al.); Digitized Sky Survey U.K. Schmidt Image/STScI

Constellation-X image: NASA/GSFC

WR124: Y. Grosdidier (U. Montreal), et al, NASA/STScI

Swift images: NASA & NASA E/PO, Sonoma State University, Aurore Simonnet

Swift mask images: NASA/GSFC/B.J.Mattson & C. Gunn

Swift GRB real-time sky map: NASA and NASA E/PO, Sonoma State University

Abell 2218: NASA, A.Fruchter et al, and STScI

Gravity Probe B images: GP-B, Stanford University

Merging black holes : NASA/CXC/A.Hobart & J. Barnes (U of Hawaii)/John Hibbard (NRAO)

LISA spacecraft , images & illustrations: JPL/Caltech

Gravity wave & Einstein animations: LIGO Laboratory, Caltech & NSF

ALBERT EINSTEIN and related rights ™/© of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, used under license. Represented by the Roger Richman Agency, Inc., www.albert-einstein.net

Credits



Alternative Watermarks for Slide 26(Transparency is 75%)

Http:// Space Time Telescopes SCIENTIST presentation Place/Date/Time Space Time Telescopes.

Documents

space slide

time slide

fabric of space time

limits of space

time travelers

hubble space telescope

cosmic time machines

location slide