Http:// The LOGICAL FRAMEWORK Scoping the Essential Elements of a Project Dr. Suchat Katima Mekong Institute.

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The LOGICAL FRAMEWORKThe LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

Scoping the Essential Scoping the Essential Elements of a ProjectElements of a Project

Dr. Suchat KatimaDr. Suchat Katima

Mekong InstituteMekong Institute

http://www.mekonginstitute.org/

Introduction

The Logical Framework (Logframe) Logical Framework (Logframe) is a simple - but very powerful –

methodology & tool to SummarizeSummarize the the ScopeScope and and key elementskey elements of

a proposed Project in an easy-to-understand, structurally-interrelated

format.

The Logical FrameworkThe Logical Framework

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Basically, a 4 & 4* Matrix to describe the Essential Elements in the Project Design, as well as for subsequent Performance Monitoring & Evaluation:

**NOTE: Different organizations NOTE: Different organizations — such as the World Bank — — such as the World Bank —

have modified structural versions have modified structural versions of the LogFrameof the LogFrame

LOGFRAME (Generic)

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DESIGN SUMMARY(NARRATIVE)

PerformanceIndicators & Targets

Data Sources / Means of Verification

Assumptions & Risks

GOAL

PURPOSE

OUTPUTS

ACTIVITIES

INPUTS

ACTIVITIES

Design Summary

Performance Targets

Data Source Assumptions/ Risks

OUTCOME

IMPACT

OUTPUTS

ACTIVITIES INPUTSINPUTS

Design and Monitoring Framework ReferenceVersion

ACTIVITIES

Design Summary

Performance Targets

Data Source Assumptions/ Risks

OUTCOME

IMPACT

OUTPUTS

ACTIVITIES INPUTSINPUTS

Design and Monitoring Framework ReferenceVersion

The ADB Design & Monitoring Framework (DMF)

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The LogframeLogframe is used initially forPlanning & Designing Projects.Subsequently, it is the baseline reference

forProgress Reporting, Monitoring

& Performance Evaluation, and Briefings.

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The Columns

Design Summar

y

Performance Targets

& Indicators

Data Sources & Reporting

Mechanisms

Assumptions (&/or Risks)

LOGFRAME Concepts

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PURPOSEPURPOSE

Design SummaryDesign Summary WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO THE PROJECT?WHY DO YOU WANT TO DO THE PROJECT?

WHAT IS THE DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM OR CONSTRAINT YOU HOPE TO RESOLVE? [I.e. “Widespread Illiteracy” ]

WHAT “IMMEDIATE” OUTCOME DO YOU EXPECT TO ACHIEVE? [I.e. “Improved Reading Skills” ]

Developing the Project PURPOSE

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1. Limit to Only One Major Objective

2. Describe the Result Expected when the Project Outputs have been Successfully Completed.

LOGFRAME Concepts

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Design SummaryDesign Summary

GOALGOAL

PURPOSEPURPOSE

WHAT IS THE HIGHER LEVEL, LONGER RANGE, “VISION” TO WHICH THIS PROJECT WILL CONTRIBUTE?

I.e. “Poverty Reduction, Improved Quality of Life, Economic Development, etc.,

LOGFRAME Concepts

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WHAT -- SPECIFICALLY -- WILL THE PROJECT PRODUCE, PROVIDE &/or LEAVE BEHIND?

WHAT ARE THE “DELIVERABLES”?

I.e. Infrastructure, New Policies & Procedures, Strengthened Institutions, Skilled Personnel, etc., etc.

Design SummaryDesign Summary

GOALGOAL

PURPOSEPURPOSE

OUTPUTSOUTPUTS

LOGFRAME Concepts

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WHAT -- SPECIFICALLY -- IS THE PROJECT GOING TO DO?

I.e. Build, Train, Equip, Develop Policy, Draft Legislation, Conduct Surveys, etc., etc.

Design SummaryDesign Summary

GOALGOAL

PURPOSEPURPOSE

ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES

OUTPUTSOUTPUTS

LOGFRAME Concepts

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INPUTSINPUTS

Design SummaryDesign Summary

GOALGOAL

PURPOSEPURPOSE

OUTPUTSOUTPUTS

ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES

WHAT RESOURCES DOES THE PROJECT NEED TO DO THE ACTIVITIES?

I.e. Consultants, Equipment, Civil Works, Training, Funding

LOGFRAME Concepts

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Indicators & TargetsIndicators & Targets

COLUMN 2COLUMN 2

Design SummaryDesign Summary

GOALGOAL

PURPOSEPURPOSE

OUTPUTSOUTPUTS

ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES

INPUTSINPUTS

HOW WILL PERFORMANCE BE MEASURED?

“Yardstick”, Units, Baseline Situation, Incremental, and End Objective Levels, and Timing? Quantitative and/or Qualitative?

MEASURES SHOULD BE DIFFERENT FOR EACH LEVEL !

LOGFRAME Concepts

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COLUMN 2COLUMN 2

INPUTSINPUTS

Indicators & TargetsIndicators & Targets

< < ResourcesResources

MEASURES SHOULD BE DIFFERENT FOR EACH LEVEL !

Money, Goods & Services, Training & Money, Goods & Services, Training & PeoplePeople

LOGFRAME Concepts

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COLUMN 2COLUMN 2

MEASURES SHOULD BE DIFFERENT FOR EACH LEVEL !

Indicators & TargetsIndicators & Targets

ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES < < Timing, Physical &/or Intellectual Timing, Physical &/or Intellectual EffortEffort

LOGFRAME Concepts

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COLUMN 2COLUMN 2

MEASURES SHOULD BE DIFFERENT FOR EACH LEVEL !

Indicators & TargetsIndicators & Targets

OUTPUTSOUTPUTS < Deliverable Products / Results< Deliverable Products / Results

LOGFRAME Concepts

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COLUMN 2COLUMN 2

MEASURES SHOULD BE DIFFERENT FOR EACH LEVEL !

Indicators & TargetsIndicators & Targets

PURPOSEPURPOSE < Immediate < Immediate OUTCOMEOUTCOME

LOGFRAME Concepts

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COLUMN 2COLUMN 2

MEASURES SHOULD BE DIFFERENT FOR EACH LEVEL !

Indicators & TargetsIndicators & Targets

GOALGOAL < Sustainable Impact< Sustainable Impact

LOGFRAME Concepts

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COLUMN 2COLUMN 2

MEASURES SHOULD Identify

Quantity, Quality & Time

i.e. “HOW MUCH” of “WHAT” and “by WHEN”

Indicators & TargetsIndicators & Targets

PROJECTS is be able to do “MORE / BETTER”

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byby ImprovingImproving

EFFICIENCYEFFICIENCY

&/ or&/ orEFFECTIVENESSEFFECTIVENESS

TYPICAL INDICATORS of EFFICIENCY are

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REDUCED

• Processing Time• Costs• Personnel / Level of Effort• Waste / Misuse of Resources

TYPICAL INDICATORS of EFFECTIVENESS are

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• Increased Quantity• Improved Quality• Extended Outreach (Coverage)• Improved Timeliness Response

Time)• Reduced Risk / Uncertainty

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SMART Indicators

• Specific• Measurable• Attainable• Relevant• Trackable

• A good balance should be achieved between theory and practice, i.e., between what should be and what can be measured

Indicators are "yardsticks" that can be used to demonstrate that changes have (or have not) taken place. They provide meaningful and comparable information on changes.

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Selection Criteria for Good Indicators

• Validity• Affordability• Reliability• Simplicity• Usability

Key Logframe Concepts

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Typical Example

•Reduced Poverty

•Sustained Economic Growth•To Increase Beneficiary Coverage

•To Sustain Efficient /Effective Service Delivery by Ministry / Private

•To Improve Economic Development

Strengthening Management, Policy Procedures, Draft Legislation, MIS, Privatization, Construction, Training, etc.

$$,$$$,$$$

ImpactGoal OutcomeOutcomePurposePurpose

Outputs

Development Objectives

ActivitiesActivities

WHY? Long Range: (i.e. 2015)

Focus, & Timing

WHAT will be DONE during &/or by Project end

KEY TASKS During Project Implementation

WHY? Immediate: End of Project ( i.e. 2012)

RESOURCES. Before & During Implementation

• Power Stations, Access Roads,

• Dams, Transmission Networks

COMMON PROBLEMS in LogFramesAll Levels

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• Design Summary Statement at Wrong Level• Goal and Purpose statements unclear• Purpose often a restatement of outputs but just

using different words.

• Very Cryptic &/or technical jargon — not easily understood by the wide variety of stakeholders

• No Indicators, targets or timing, and/or not able to be measured, monitored or evaluated.

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