ience.ksc.nasa.gov/mirrors/images/images/pao/STS49/10065130.jpg Objective: Summary of Origins and Lifestyles of Early Americans HW: Read Ch 1 sections 4 and 5 /crh.choate.edu/english/salot/Young%20Omahaw.jpg “Young Omahaw, War Eagle..." by Charles Bird King
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Http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/mirrors/images/images/pao/STS49/10065130.jpg Objective: Summary of Origins and Lifestyles of Early Americans HW:Read Ch 1 sections.
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“Young Omahaw, War Eagle..." by Charles Bird King 1821
Essential Questions
• What factors pushed forward the Age of Exploration in Europe?
• What conclusions can be made about the Native American societies that existed before Columbus’ journey?
Europe Looks Westward
• Why did Europeans begin to travel Westward?
• European Population Growth• By the 15th century, they had finally recovered from the bubonic plague
• Strong Monarchs
• Sea route to Asia
• Portuguese Exploration• Prince Henry the Navigator• Bartholomeu Dias• Vasco de Gama
Christopher Columbus• Believed he could reach Asia by sailing West
• 1492 – the Spanish government invested in him
• Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
• Columbus took 3 total trips across the Atlantic, initially landing in the Bahamas
• Hispaniola was a temporary colony
• Lands were eventually names after a Florentine merchant, Amerigo Vespucci
• 1513 – Vasco de Balboa
• 1519-1522 – Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition was the first circumnavigation of the world.
• Columbus was driven, not by the love of discovery, but by the lust for profit: "Gold is the best thing in the world, it can even send souls to paradise", he declared, while Cortes went further: "We Spaniards suffer from a sickness of the heart whose only cure is gold". (Engels, op cit).
• "Following Columbus' report, the Council of Castille de cided to take possession of a country whose inhabitants were quite unable to defend themselves. The pious project of mak ing converts to Christianity sanctified its injustice. But the hope of finding treasure was the real motive behind the en terprise ... All the Spaniards' other enterprises in the New World, after Columbus, seem to have had the same motive. This was the sacrilegious thirst for gold ..." (Adam Smith).
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Routehttp://garnet.acns.fsu.edu/~cac02m/ChristopherColumusTask2.htm
The Spanish Empire
• Began to think of the New World as a unique opportunity
• 1518 – Hernando Cortes led an expedition of 600 men on the Aztecs and their leader Montezuma
• Unsuccessful attack, but unknowingly spread smallpox to the Natives
• Cortes and Pizzaro established themselves as some of the most ruthless conquistadores
The Great Temple at TenochtitlánAt the height of Aztec-Toltec civilization in central Mexico, which coincided with the arrival of Cortés and his Spanish soldiers in 1519, this capital city had a dense population of over 300,000, more than any European city. Built on marshy lowlands and linked to the mainland by broad causeways, it had great public works and pyramids to the sun and moon that were connected by an elaborate irrigation system. From this metropolis, priests, warriors, and rulers held absolute authority over hundreds of thousands of people in the countryside. (American Museum of Natural History #32659)