- Essay Writing Guide

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Tips for Effective Academic Writing in essay

help

General Advice


Begin Early for essay helpI’m too busy now, and I’ll start later when I

have more time . . . Select an Appropriate Topic

Contribution to the field (a niche)InterestResources available

Gathering Resource Materials for custom essay help


Sources: The references, footnotes of books & journal

articlesLibrary research: lib catalogues, electronic

resources, lib stacksReferences of conference papersPersonal communication with experts

Remember to record the sources, using the assigned format.

Reading and Writing relating to essay help


Browse to get general understanding, take notes (key words).

Always have something available for a quick read. Sift and save the best.

Form a thesis statement for essay helpCreate two files: the main text and

references. Read the selected references in depth.

Annotate your bibliography entries. Type the quotes, your comments regarding the topic.

Overview of the Research Paper:IMRD


Introduction (I): General to specific. Cite and comment.

Methods & Materials (M): High in using passive voice.

Results (R): Findings Discussion (D): Specific to general, high in

citation, discussion, and qualifications. Tense? Which part should you start when you write?

Results Sections (Past Tense)


Judging the right strength of the claim (Hypotheses supported? To what extent? )

Highlighting key findings from the data essay help

Making generalized comparisons

One emerging patternProcedure/justification (optional)Location statement Statement of general finding (Hypotheses

supported?)More specific statements to interpret the resultsExample/case/commentary (optional)

Moves in Writing Introduction for essay help


Move 1. Establishing a research territoryA. By showing its importance, centrality,

problematic or relevant in some way (optional)

B. By reviewing items of previous research in the area (obligatory=ob)

Move 2 Establishing a nicheA. Indicating a gap in previous knowledge (ob)

Move 3 Occupying the nicheA. By outlining purposes or stating the nature of the present research (ob)

Move 1-A: Language Focus: Claiming Centrality


Recently, there has been growing interest in …essay help

The possibility of . . . has generated wide interest in. . .

The development of . . . is a classic problem in. . . The development of . . . has led to the hope

that. . . Essay helpThe . . . has become a favorite topic for

analysis. . . Knowledge of . . . has a great importance for . . . The study of . . . has become an important aspect

of . . .

Move 2: Establishing a Niche


A mini-critique to indicate the gap of knowledge

Language Focus: Little (Uncountable)

However, little information/work/data/research . .. Few (Countable)

However, few studies/investigations/ researchers/attempts. . .

Avoid using a full negative like “no studies”

Establishing a Niche—Negative Statements (Using Verbs)


However, previous research in this field has_____________concentrated ondisregardedfailed to considerignored/neglected to considerbeen limited to/been restricted to overestimatedoverlooked/suffered from/underestimatedmisinterpreted

Establishing a Niche—Negative Statements (Using Adjectives)


Nevertheless, these attempts to establish a link between dental fillings and disease are at present ___________controversial/incomplete/inconclusivemisguided/questionable/unconvincing/Unsatisfactory

*Establishing a Niche—Using Contrastive statements for essay help at http://myessayhelp.co.uk


However, it remains unclear whether…It would thus be of interest to learn how…If these results could b confirmed, they

would provide strong evidence for…

Move 3 Occupying the Niche for essay help


Two variations in occupying the niche: 1. Purposive (P): The author(s) indicate

their main purpose or purposesE.g., The aim of this paper is to give…

2. Descriptive (D): The author(s) describe the main feature of their researchE.g., This paper reports on the results

obtained…

Move 3 Occupying the Niche


Try to identify the following statements:_____In this paper we give preliminary

results for. . ._____This study was designed to evaluate…_____Our primary objective in this paper is

to provide . . . _____ We now report the interaction

between . . .

Tense and Purpose Statements for essay help


Use present tense when referring to the type of text—paper, article, thesis, report, researchThe aim of this paper is to . . .

Use present or past tense when referring to investigation—experiment, investigation, study, survey, etc. To be safe, use present tense. This type of investigation was/is carried out

in order to . . .

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Location of the Purpose Statement


In longer research papers, the thesis (purpose) statement is usually at the end of an introduction: The purpose of this paper is to . . .This paper describes and analyzes. . . My aim in this paper is to . . . In this paper, we report on . . .

Move 3 Occupying the Niche, in addition to purpose statement, also


By listing research Qs or HypothesesBy announcing principle findingsBy stating the value of the present research

(use qualifications: 1. ___ may be due to…, 2. ____ can be attributed to…3. ____ would seem to stem from ____)

By indicating the structure of the research paper (The plan of this paper is…Section II describes…In Section III, a …is constructed…. ___ is tested in Section IV. Finally, Section V…)

Discussion Sections


Length of Discussion: In life sciences, it is believed that a long Discussion implied weak methods and results, while social scientists and humanities may well believe the opposite essay help

Results deal with facts--descriptive; Discussions deal with points--interpretive.

Discussion Sections


Should be more than summaries of the results.

Should be more theoretical oro More abstracto More generalo More integrated with the fieldo More connected to the real worldo More concerned with implications or

applications

Language for Discussion


Examples: In this paper we have investigated. . . The main purpose of this paper has been

to. . . The survey reported on in this study has

produced a wealth of data

Discussion Moves


Move 1. Points to consolidate your research space (obligatory) Highlight intelligently the strengths (more) …

Move 2. Points to indicate the limitations of your study (optional) highlighting intelligently its weaknesses

(less)Move 3. Points to recommend action or to

identify useful areas of further research (optional)

Move 1 in Writing Results: Consolidate Your Research Space for custom essay help


1a. Report your accomplishments by highlighting major findings

1b. Relate and evaluate your data in the light of previous research.

1c. Interpret your data by making suggestions as to why the results are the way they are.

1d. Anticipate and deal with potential criticism

Language Focus: Generalization in Discussion Sections for essay help


Specific: As we can see in Table 1, 84% of the students. . .

High level of generality: The results indicate that the students performed above the 12th grade level.

Phrases of generality: Overall, . . . In general, . . . On the whole. . .

With . . . exception(s), The overall results indicate. . .

Expressions of Limitation


It should be noted that this study has been primarily concerned with. . . essay help at http://myessayhelp.co.uk

This analysis has concentrated on . . . This findings of this study are restricted to . .

. This study has addressed only the question

of. . . The limitations of this study are clear. . . We would like to point out that we have

not. . .

Conclusions Limitations


State that certain conclusions should not be drawn (Swales & Feak, 2004, p. 276)However, the findings do not imply. . . The results of this study cannot be taken as

evidence for. . . The lack of . . . Means that we cannot be

certain. . .

Reconfirming the Value of Your Study


Notwithstanding its limitations, this study does suggest. . .

Despite its preliminary character, the research reported here would seem to indicate. . . .

However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into. . .

Abstract


Two major approaches:Result-driven: findingsRP summary

Structured Abstract: BackgroundAimMethodResultsConclusion

What Have We Learned?


Start _________. Don’t wait until the last minute. Find an __________ topic. (Niche)A RP should include 4 sections: IMRDStart writing with the ______ section.Medical papers usually use ______ tense.Explain the contributions of your paper

(longer). State its limitations (shorter). Make claims cautiously._____your paper before you submit for

publication essay help.

Last Step: Editing


Put your writing away for a period of time and read it with fresh eyes for essay help

Ask colleagues to read and give feedback. Have the paper go through a final English

reviewer by a professional editor.

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- Essay Writing Guide

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