Hr 5 immune disorder

CHAPTER 11 : IMMUNITY

11.1 Immune Response (2½)

11.2 Development of Immunity (1½)

11.3 Immune Disorder ( 1 )

Briefly explain Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Explain the mechanism of action of HIV infection and symptom of AIDS.

List the possible causes and prevention of HIV infection.

11.3 Immune Disorder(Objectives)

SLE is a congenital disease. T and B cells attack the body’s own cells and

tissues. Genes alone do not determine who will develop

SLE. Combination of genetic, environmental and

possibly hormonal factors. Environmental factors ex; sunlight/UV

light/stress. Drugs (hydralazine, guanidine, phenytoin),

chemical (trichloroethylene, silica dust, hair dye) also can cause SLE.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Also can be caused by infectious agents such as bacteria/ virus.

Pathogen such as adenovirus evolve molecular mimicry tactics that mimics self molecules.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

• Arthritic pain – joint pain.

• Fever – Inflammatory effect of the disease process.

• Skin rashes – skin inflammation and skin lesion.

• Lost of weight – loss of appetite

• Fatigue/ chest pain/ personality changes/

sleep disorder/ brittle hair/

dryness of eye and mouth/

menstrual irregularity.

Symptoms of SLE

Depress immunity system Due to HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

HIV attack TH (due to the presence of CD4 antigen)

AIDS

HIV

HIV attach to CD4 antigen on the surface of TH Enters the cell Viral RNA is copied to form a DNA strand A hybrid of RNA-DNA is formed This process is called reverse transcription Which needs a viral enzyme, reverse

transcriptase RNA is digested DNA is copied to form a 2nd DNA strand A double stranded DNA is produced (provirus) Viral DNA enters host’s nucleus

HIV Infection ~ Mechanism of Action

Insert itself into the host cell’s DNA (integrate) ~ provirus (in incubation period)

Direct the host cell to express viral genes Produce viral RNA & protein Virus multiply inside TH

When these new virus are released, it causes TH to lyse

HIV Infection ~ Mechanism of Action

HIV multiply within the lymph nodes throughout it’s incubation period

Symptom starts to appear after a few months to 10 or more years later when the lymph nodes are destroyed

Most AIDS victims died within a few months to 8 years after diagnosis

HIV Infection ~ Mechanism of Action

HIV Infection ~ Mechanism of Action

Severe weight loss Swollen lymph nodes Sweating at night Kaposi’s sarcoma (purple lesion of the skin) Penumocystis pneumonia Dementia

HIV Infection ~ Symptoms

HIV Transmission