o HP/HT well construction, well control HP/HT well construction, well control issues and risk management issues and risk management How can a Research Institute contribute ? How can a Research Institute contribute ? Presented by Rolv Rommetveit, Rogaland Research
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HP/HT well construction, well control HP/HT well construction, well control issues and risk managementissues and risk management
How can a Research Institute contribute ?How can a Research Institute contribute ?
Presented by Rolv Rommetveit, Rogaland Research
www.rf.no
ContentsContents
• Background• R&D highlights within HPHT• The HPHT Laboratory• HPHT Integrated Studies• How can an R&D Institute contribute ?
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HPHT Drilling Research at RFHPHT Drilling Research at RF--Rogaland ResearchRogaland Research
Background
• Prospects and Discoveries in Central Graben
• Serious Well Control Problems during drilling of HPHT
Wells
• Need for understanding dynamic Pressures as well as
Temperature effects in HPHT wells
• HPHT Fields under development require solutions to
production and reservoir related problems as well
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HPHT HPHT Research Activities at RFResearch Activities at RF--Rogaland ResearchRogaland Research
From 1990 R&D within drilling and well technology started at RF
• 1991 - 93“Accurate Pressure Conditions in Deep, Hot Wells”JIP with 5 participantsDevelopment of an Advanced Model for Accurate Pressure andTemperature Calculations
• 1991 - 94Strategic Technology Programme from NFR“Well Technology in Deep, Hot Wells
• Productions Problems related to HPHT reservoirs• Drilling related problems was further studied• Needs for Laboratories to study these phenomena was
defined
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HPHT Drilling Research at RFHPHT Drilling Research at RF--Rogaland ResearchRogaland Research
1990 - 94: “Understanding Pressures and Temperatures during drilling under extreme conditions”(DEA-E-33 project)
Focus on:– Field Measurements of P and T from 2 HPHT Wells– Fluid Properties at HPHT (Rheology and Density)– Verification of Pressure and Temperature models– Development of recommendations for safer Tripping and
Drilling
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HPHT field dataHPHT field data
• Time based surface data• Time based downhole data
– Near BOP– Top and bottom of BHA– 1000 m above BHA
• The data cover detailed tests in cased holes:– Gel tests– Surge and swab– Circulation sweeps– …
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Laboratory experimentsLaboratory experiments
• 10 HPHT mud samples collected and analysed
• Mud density at HPHT• Mud rheology at HPHT• Correlation based models developed
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Case 1:• 2.1 s.g. WBM• Vertical, 5000 m• Gel tests inside 9 5/8”
casingTests at bottom inside 7” liner
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Case 2:• 2.2 s.g. OBM• Deviated, up to 27°• 5100 m MD• Tests inside 9 7/8”
Operational recommendations developed Operational recommendations developed for :for :
• Pressure transmission• Drilling
– Swab in critical zones• Recommended procedure for
critical zones– Surge in critical zones– Gelling
• Mud properties– Rheology and gel strength
are very temperature dependent – HPHT laboratory measurements are recommended
• Use of thermo-hydraulic analysis
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HPHT HPHT Research Activities at RFResearch Activities at RF--Rogaland ResearchRogaland Research
ELF HPHT Drilling and Production Programme
A Major Research Co-operationBased on Elgyn / Franklin needs
1992 - 1995– Drilling Programme– Production Programme– HPHT Laboratory
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Dynamic Barite Sag
in Drilling Fluids
Research funded by Elf and ENI / Norsk Agip
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Dynamic barite sagging:
When weight material in drilling fluid precipitates during circulation.
• All drilling fluids show dynamic sagging during laminar shear flow.
• Large differences in different drilling fluids with respect to rate of dynamic sagging.
Dynamic Barite SagDynamic Barite Sag
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Dynamic Barite SagDynamic Barite Sag
0.00E+00
5.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.50E-05
2.00E-05
2.50E-05
Agip oilbased:
Agip waterbased:
Glydril: VersaVert
80/20:
Nova Plus60/40:
CMC: Xanthan:
Summary of sagging properties of drilling muds
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Dynamic Barite SagDynamic Barite Sag
• A method to measure dynamic sagging in drilling fluids has been developed.
• A formalism to analyse the results have been established
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RF-ROGALAND RESEARCH
HPHT Fluids Laboratory
Testing of fluids at: Pressures up to 1500 bar
Temperatures up to 200º C
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The RF rig areaThe RF rig area
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APPLICATION IN RESERVOIRSAPPLICATION IN RESERVOIRS
• Phase behaviour of fluid mixtures• Retrograde condensate evaluation• Dew point determination• Formation blocking• Emulsion stability• Foam properties
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APPLICATION IN PRODUCTIONAPPLICATION IN PRODUCTION
• Scale formation studies and inhibition• Wax and asphaltene formation• Corrosion evaluation• Chemical stability• Emulsion stability• Supercritical properties of gases• Solvent properties in fluids
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APPLICATIONS IN COMPLETIONAPPLICATIONS IN COMPLETION
• Well control• Completion fluid characterization• Gas / condensate solubility in completion fluids• Thermal properties of packer fluids• Salt solubility in brines• Kill pill stability• Fluid compatibilities• Precipitation in the formation• Emulsion stability
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APPLICATIONS IN DRILLINGAPPLICATIONS IN DRILLING
• Well control• Kick control
– Gas, condensate and oil influx in oil and water based mud
• ECD management• Drilling fluid characterization
– Emulsion stability under HPHT conditions– Rheology stability under HPHT conditions– Static barite sagging under HPHT conditions– Thermophysical properties in fluids
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The HPHT Mud CellPrinciple•Piston cell with piston controlled by hydraulic pressure inside a heating cabinet
•The cell volume (e.g. Position of the piston) is read by a linear encoder mounted on the side
Technical data•Pressure range: 0 to 1.370 bar
•Temperature limit: 200 C
•Volume: 500 ml ( + 0.2% )
•Material: Solid Hastelloy
Technical data•Position encoder for volume measurements
•Robust tubing and valves to allow handling fluids weighted with solid agents
•Well for temperature probe in the cell body
•Computer interfaced data acquisition
Applications•Thermal expansion of fluids
•Compressibility of fluid
•Temperature and pressure effects of fluid components
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HPHT-laboratory PVT-cell•Advanced PVT-apparatus
•Two interconnected variable volume chambers with motor-driven pistons working directly into cells
•Fully computer-interfaced control and data acquisition
•Interchangable end-sections with a variety of sapphire windows for video-monitor or fiber-optic interface detection
•Applications•All standard PVT with unprecedented accuracy
•Direct dewpoint measurement
•Visual (full-view colour video monitor) and quantitative studies of all phase transition phenomena (LV, L1,L2, Solid precipitation,...)
Principle•Similar to two big yolumetric pumps placed vertically within a large thermostat; with the pump cylinders utilized as cells
•Pistons can compress sample or displace it back and forth to display interesting phenomena in windows
Technical data•1.500 bar maximum working pressure (20.000 psi)
•-30 to 230o C temperature range
•Volume: 700 cc (cell1), 100 cc (cell 2)Accuracy: γL-Level
•Minimal dead volumes (valves integrated in cell bodies)
•Flush-mounted pressure transducers
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ConclusionConclusion
• HPHT Fluids laboratory is highly relevant for drilling ,completion and reservoir related studies
• Application in– Drilling and completion fluid characterization– Well control / kick control– Gas / condensate solubility– Baryte sag– Fluid stability– Fluid properties vs. Pressure and Temperature
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HPHT Drilling Research:HPHT Drilling Research:Kick Kick ModellingModelling and Controland Control
• A GENERAL TOOL FOR WELL CONTROL ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS– A JIP for development of RF Kick Simulator
• Activities related to HPHT well control:– Extended PVT model– Special aspects of kicks in HPHT wells– Surface gas separation and flaring capabilities
• Can model gas, condensate and oil kicks (advanced PVT module)
• Well suited for HPHT conditions• Verified for ultra-deep conditions• Can model complex scenarios (with lost circulstion etc.)• Realistic gas transport model enable degasser design
evaluations • Less conservative (more realistic) than other models• Special wellsite version for kick tolerance evaluations on
critical wells available• A necessary tool in the operator’s tool-kit for special wells
• Kristin ; Statoil• theoretical evaluations; gas diffusion• computer simulations and scenario
developments with advanced modeling tools; drilling & completions
• implementing learning's in procedures and operations
• training• Kick Risk studies
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Topics for a Well Control StudyTopics for a Well Control Study
– Hydraulic calculations (ECD, swab pressures, temperature effects)
– Kick Tolerances (swabbed, drilled and pressured fault kicks)
– Undetected Kicks (in oil based Mud)– Gas Migration (free gas migration in brine) – Gas diffusion– Kill Methods – Surface Flow parameters/ Mud Gas Separator– Comparing kick behavior in brine vs. oil based
Mud.
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Value of advanced computer modelingValue of advanced computer modeling
• Advanced computer models can be very valuable in both the planning and training phase:– Identify specific well control risks– Input to Well Control Procedures (verify vs. improve)– Contribute to optimization of well design– Develop new procedures– Realistic training– Improve knowledge of HPHT wells– Improve kick tolerance calculations
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• Well control and hydraulic studies using advanced , transient modelling tools
• Planning, operation, and training• Development of procedures
• Operational support • QRA analysis
– Kick probability using KickRisk– Operational risks
• Utilize HPHT Laboratory• Drilling, Completion, Production and reservoir studies
• Understand fully fluid properties ( barite-sag, stability, gas diffusion)
Future contribution from RF Group in order to unlock the HPHT Challenge
Future contribution from RF Group in order Future contribution from RF Group in order to unlock the HPHT Challengeto unlock the HPHT Challenge