Hoye Pre Colombian Era And Colonization

Ms. Hoye

US History

Regular and AP

Pre-Colombian Era and Colonization

Inhabitants crossed over by way of the Bering Land Bridge (Where Palin saw Russia from her front Porch )

The Ice Melted… human beings started to pass over the land bridge.

They took their time! The travelers averaged about 1 mile of migration EVERY 2 YEARS!!!

Did you know that before Columbus “discovered” the New World that 100 MILLION natives actually lived there???

Also, when Columbus landed… the Aztec Capital was larger than ANY European city?? WOW!

35,000 years before he sailed the Ocean Blue…. Who is ________?

2,000 languages were spoke in the New WorldAgriculture was the reason these different

civilizations could survive.Unlike the dirty European cities of that time…

most of the large cities in the New World (Mesoamerica in particular) had Running water, clean streets and even botanical gardens

Explorers dominated native inhabitants due to WEAPONS +DISEASES +USE of Tribe RIVALRIES

2,000 Cultures and counting…

***CHILL OUT*** this just means MIDDLE of the New World…

The reason this section of the New World is commonly referred to is because they were much more advanced than the simple Hunting/Gathering societies in Northern America

Mesoamerica????

Want of WEALTH… Tales of GOLD! Renaissance ideals (humanism/optimism)…

“We can do ANYTHING”Trades Routes -looking for a waterway to AsiaThey had the ability… SHIPS and ACCESS! Mariner’s Compass was developed…

exploration was POSSIBLE!

REASONS for Exploration….

Europe was introduced to…. Corn Tobacco Tomatoes Avocado Rice Indigo (later)

DISEASE… Explorers were basically Biological WEAPONS!

HorsesCattle

EXCHANGE OF GOODS between Europe and New World

“Colombian Exchange”

Americas were introduced to…

IN REALITY….. The American Indians were on the loosing end of a

“White Elephant Gift Exchange”The OLD WORLD (Europe) brought death and

domination to the Natives.And… the NEW WORLD (Americas) gave Europe a

new life.

The FRENCH built a fur-trading post in Quebec, Canada (1608)

The SPANISH built a mission in Santa Fe, New Mexico (1610)

The English established their first permanent colony at…..

JAMESTOWN, VIRGINIA …. 1607John Smith and Pocahontas….

Europeans “settling” in…

In actuality…. Roanoke Island was founded in 1585… yes before

Jamestown in 1607Is now referred to as the

THE LOST COLONY

FYI…..

Mercantilism was the economic philosophy of Great Britain when establishing the Colonies

GB sought to increase its wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold/silver

GB was also looking to establish a favorable balance of trade with its Colonies

**Mercantilism**

After the first couple of years… when people actually started living and not dying… more British started to arrive in the

AMERICAN COLONIES

When they arrived they had to choose… South

North or Middle ???

Smokin’ Virginia- Jamestown- settled by Virginia Co.“He who shall not work shall not eat”- John SmithPocahontas Tobacco!!! (John Rolfe)

Merry Maryland- CATHOLIC HAVEN! Started the trend of indentured servants

Individualistic Carolinas- more relaxed… some outcasts

Get Em’ Georgia- New Start for Criminals

Southern Colonies…Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas and Georgia

****Rivers, Plantations, seasons suitable for farming

Just North of Virginia… Mayflower landed Mayflower Compact “Government by Majority” Puritans

Massachusetts Bay Colony The Mayflower---- Plymouth Theocracy … Church and State connected Anne Hutchinson

Best known for her struggle with Massachusetts over religious doctrine and gender roles Hutchinson was banished to Rhode Island

“Freethinking” Rhode Island- Roger Williams Paid Indians for land Separated Church and State (very controversial at this time)

Connecticut comes to Order- Thomas Hooker Drafted “Fundamental Orders”… the beginning of a Constitution Women’s Rights

New Hampshire Fishing

Northern Colonies…Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New

Hampshire***Protestants, Shipping, fishing, small farms, harsh winters and

harbors

New York (Old Netherlands)Dutch CompanyAristocraticDutch Explorer Henry Hudson… Hudson river

and Bay??? Delaware

New SwedenPacifist Pennsylvania- William Penn

Quaker ColonyPacifists… also paid Indians for land

Middle Colonies…New York, Delaware and Pennsylvania

***fertile soil, industry, shipbuilding, plantations/small farms

NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION -1643The Puritan Colonies united to stand against Indians. The New England Confederation was highly successful in terms of bonding the colonies together, and provided a basis for the further collaboration of Colonies

Indians Vs. Colonists

The Iroquois Confederacy•Unification of many several different tribes in response to the threat posed by the European Colonists.•The Iroquois Confederacy was the MOST IMPORATANT and powerful Native American political alliance in history. It successfully ended generations of tribal warfare.

Life in the Colonies

SOUTH WIDE GAP between rich and

poor hierarchy of wealth and

status

1. Planter aristocracy w/ slaves mimicking feudalism of Europe

2. However, these planters were hardworking, involved in day-to-day affairs

3. Few cities – poor transportation

4. Women more powerful – men die leaving property to widows

b. Divorce rare – courts could order you to reunite

Was a gap between Rich/Poor… but not as wide as South

Because of harsh weather… industrialization begins

Growing Population– fertile people/not soil

1. Early marriage = high birth rates, women would often die during childbirtha. Obedient family ties, strong links to grandparentsb. Women’s role not as powerful – no property rights

Social Structure and Family Life

NORTH

Religion leads Northern lifestyleTowns in New England unite

Geography & Fear of Indians force close relations

Religion makes unity important50+ families in town requires a schoolPuritans ran churches

DEMOCRATICALLY…… led to democratic government

Farm and Town Life…

Germans – left because of war, religion and a bad economy settled in Pennsylvania

Scotts-Irish – Scottish kicked out of Ireland because not Catholic – settled in mountainsLawless, individualistic – lived in Appalachian hills –

whiskey making fools! Not wanted by Germans or New Englanders –

forced to hillsOther groups were embraced by Colonial Settlers

French, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, SwissLargest immigrant group ----SLAVES

Melting Pot from the start…Immigration

Natural Resources to England

Economy:Triangular Trade

Weapons and Textiles to Africa

Slaves to Indies and Southern

Colonies

Sugar to Americas

A wave of religious revivals that spread across the American Colonies during 1730s and 1740s

After the Colonial Regions started to become

settled… along came….

The Great Awakening

The Great Awakening 1730-1740 gave colonists a shared national religious experience

Reasons for The Great AwakeningPeople felt that OLD religion

was dry, dull and distantHalf-Way Covenant- The

Puritans established to ease requirements for Church Membership (allowed the baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans

Preachers felt that people needed to be concerned with inner emotions as opposed to outward religious behavior

People in New England can read and interrupt the Bible on their own

George WhitefieldPuritan Minster who used

raw emotional sermons to reach all classes of colonists

Preached that “good works” and “godly lives” would bring you salvation

Called on the Puritans to build a model society… which he referred to as “ a city upon a hill’

Jonathan Edwards a Puritan Minster terrified listeners with his sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Outcomes of the Great Awakening

Birth of deep religious convictions in the colonies

New churches built to accommodate new members

Colleges founded found to train new ministers

Outcomes of the Great AwakeningEncouraged ideas

of equality and right to challenge authority---- How would this become important in the American culture?

Birth of charity and charitable organizations

The Great Awakening

Enlightenment

The American Revolution

The Great Awakening leads to….the Enlightenment

Great surge of literacy in the colonies

Newspapers and book publications increase

Schools are synonymous with new towns and villages

Deism

Deism: the belief that God created the universe but allowed it to operate through the LAWS OF NATURE

A way of believing in a religious being but still believing in a Supreme Law of Nature

***Many of the Founding Fathers were Deists***

Jefferson and Ben Franklin believed that Natural Laws could be discovered by use of Human Reason

What is Deism you ask???

Settling of the Colonies+

Unification through Fear of Indians and Religion (The Great Awakening)

+Economy of the TRIANGULAR TRADE

+Enlightenment Ideals

=A growing Independence in the

Colonieswhich leads to…….

The Stage for the American Revolution