"Howard Zinn" "Framework of Analysis" (c) 2010 "Rey Ty"

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn’s

Framework of Analysis

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“Patriotism, in my view, does not mean unquestioning acceptance of whatever the government does” (Vol. 1, p. viii).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“To go along with whatever the government does is not a characteristic of democracy” (Vol. 1, p. viii).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “I remember in my own early

education we were taught that it was a sign of a totalitarian state, of a dictatorship, when people did not question what their government did” (Vol. 1, p. viii).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“If you live in a democratic state, it means you have the right to criticize your government’s policies” (Vol. 1, p. viii).

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© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “The basic principles of

democracy are laid out in the Declaration of Independence, which was adopted in 1776 to explain why the colonies were no longer willing to accept British rule” (Vol. 1, p. ix).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “The Declaration makes it clear

that governments are not holy, not beyond criticism, because they are artificial creations, set up by the people to protect the equal rights of everyone to ‘life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness’” (Vol. 1, p. ix).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “And when governments do not fulfill this obligation, the Declaration says that ‘it is the right of the people to alter or abolish the government’.” (Vol. 1, p. ix). © 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“And, if it is the right of the people to ‘alter or abolish’ the government, then surely it is their right to criticize it’.” (Vol. 1, p. ix). © 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“Over the years, some people have asked me:…” (Vol. 1, p. vii).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “…‘Do you think that your history, which is radically different than the usual histories of the United States, is suitable for young people?...” (Vol. 1, p. vii). © 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“…Won’t it create disillusionment with our country?”… (Vol. 1, p. vii).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“…Is it right to be so critical of the government’s policies?”… (Vol. 1, p. vii).

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© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “…Is it right to take down the traditional heroes of the nation, like Christopher Columbus, Andrew Jackson, Theodore Roosevelt?...” (Vol. 1, p. vii). © 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “…Isn’t it unpatriotic to

emphasize slavery and racism, the massacres of Indians, the exploitation of working people, the ruthless expansion of the United States at the expense of the Indians and people in other countries?” (Vol. 1, pp. vii-viii).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“I am not worried about disillusioning young people by pointing out to the flaws in the traditional heroes” (Vol. 1, p. ix).

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© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “We should be able to tell the truth about people whom we have been taught to look upon as heroes, but who really don’t deserve that admiration” (Vol. 1, p. ix).

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© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“Why should we think it heroic to do as Columbus did, arrive in this hemisphere and carry on a rampage of violence, in order to find gold” (Vol. 1, p. ix).

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© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“Why should we think it heroic for Andrew Jackson to drive Indians out of their lands” (Vol. 1, p. ix).

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© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “Why should we think of

Theodore Roosevelt as a hero because he fought in the Spanish-American War, driving Spain out of Cuba, but also paving the way for the United States to take control of Cuba” (Vol. 1, pp. ix-x).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“Yes, we all need heroes, people to admire, to see as example of how human beings should live” (Vol. 1, p. x).

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© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “But I prefer to see

Bartolomé de Las Casas as a hero, for exposing Columbus’s violent behavior against the Indians he encountered in the Bahamas” (Vol. 1, p. x).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“I prefer to see the Cherokee Indians as heroes, for resisting their removal from the lands on which they lived” (Vol. 1, p. x).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “Tom me, it is Mark Twain who

is a hero, because he denounced President Theodore Roosevelt after Roosevelt had praised an American general who had massacred hundreds of people in the Philippines” (Vol. 1, p. x).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).• “I consider Helen Keller a

hero because she protested against President Woodrow Wilson’s decision to send young Americans into the slaughterhouse of the First World War” (Vol. 1, p. x).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn. (2007).•“My point of view, which is critical of war, racism, and economic injustice, carries over to the situation we face in the United States today” (Vol. 1, p. x).

© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

ReferenceHoward Zinn. (2007). A

Young People’s History of the United States. Vols. 1 &

2. Adapted by Rebecca Stefoff. New York: Seven

Stories Press.© 2011 Rey Ty

© 2010 Rey Ty

Howard Zinn’s

Framework of Analysis