HOW TO WRITE THE DISSERTATION…? dr.r.selvakumar professor of anaesthesiology, k.a.p.viswanatham govt medical college, trichy. STATISTICS C.M.E
HOW TO WRITE THE DISSERTATION…?
dr.r.selvakumarprofessor of anaesthesiology,k.a.p.viswanatham govt medical college,trichy.
STATISTICS C.M.E
General structure of a research project
IDEA FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS
SEARCH LITERATURE
CHECK WHETHER SIMILAR
IDEA ALREADY
STUDIED..?
FRAME OBJECTIVES
CHECK WHETHER
RESOURCES AVAILABLE?
DESIGN THE
STUDY
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General structure of a research project..
WRITE PROTOCOL
ETHICAL COMMITTEE PERMISSION
OBTAIN INFORMED CONSENT
CHECK FEASIBILITY(PILOT STUDY)
ALLOCATE INTO GROUPS
CARRY OUT EXPERIMENT AND COLLECT DATA
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General structure of a research project..
ORGANISE DATA
ANALYSE DATA
WRITE DOWN INFERENCES
INTERPRET FINDINGS
DRAW CONCLUSIONS
WRITE DISSERTATION
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STUDY DESIGN
DECIDE THE TYPE OF STUDY
CALCULATE SAMPLE SIZE
FINALISE THE NUMBER OF
GROUPS
WORK OUT DETAILED
METHODOLOGY
DECIDE THE STATISTICAL
TESTS/METHODS
SET THE LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANCE
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SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION
DECIDE THE DIFFERENCE EXPECTED
FIND OUT THE S.D OF VARIABLES
SET THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE
SET THE BETA ERROR LEVEL
SELECT APPROPRIATE FORMULA
CALCULATE SAMPLE SIZE
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Beta error: acceptance of null hypothesisas true when it is actually false”
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF A DISSERTATION:
TITLE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
METHODOLOGY
OBSERVATION AND RESULTS
DISCUSSION
SUMMARY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ANNEXURES
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INTRODUCTION
HOW THE IDEA FOR THE STUDY ORIGINATED?
NEED FOR SUCH A STUDY
JUSTIFICATION FOR CARRYING OUT THE STUDY.
It is not merely the history of the procedureor the drug or the technique…
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
Should be clear,legible and simple
Easily understandable
Final conclusion should have an answer for your objective.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Brief history, anatomy,physiology and Pharmacological review.
There should be a chain of link
Must there be a reason to describe in detail
Read one or two good dissertations and have an idea….
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE….
Review the old literature in connection with your study.
You can quote the limitations and flaws in their technique
THEY NEED NOT BE SAME AS YOUR STUDY.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Inclusion criteria• Exclusion criteria• How you arrived this Sample size?• How did you randomize?• Method of estimating the drug level, Scoring system, scales• Statistical methods used including the level of significance
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MATERIALS AND METHODS….
• Ethical clearance• Informed consent• Describe about the drop-outs, non-responders and non-compliance.
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OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
o Demographical features
o Select proper tables and bar diagrams
o Don’t repeat the features in the tables as bar charts.
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DISCUSSION
Try to justify the results with the help of the studies already done or with your own explanation.
Your explanation should be based on scientific principles
If your results differ from the previously reported work, discuss why the results are different
If in accordance with previous work, then discuss the implications of your findings.
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DISCUSSION…..
Your study need not match the results of the others study. It is not a must…
Discussion is the main part of the dissertation, which examiners want to read…
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SUMMARY
Why this work was done?
How it was done?
What was found..?
What are the implications of this work?
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CONCLUSION:
• ANSWER TO THE OBJECTIVE
• MAY BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
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REFERENCES @ BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Vancouver style of reference writing
• Have the important references in hand.
• Don’t mention the unheard journals.
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ANNENXUREo PROFORMA
o CONSENT FORM
o DETAILS OF STANDARD METHODOLOGY,
WHICH DIDN’T FORM THE MAIN “METHODS”
o LARGE TABLES
o PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSTRUMENTS ,DEVICES
o MASTER CHART
o STANDARD METHODS OF CLASSIFICATION
o CERTIFICATES-ETHICAL COMMITTEE, DRUG CONTROLLER
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Summarising….
Dissertation is to make you understand the nuances in scientific research…
When you go through an article in a journal, you have to know how to read it correctly…
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CONCLUSION:
Hope we made you to understandat least some basics about statistics and dissertation
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Thank you
Department of AnaesthesiologyK.A.P.Viswanatham Govt Medical College,Trichy