, RATIFICATION PAGE Complete report of basic biology practicum with title ’’ How To Use Microscope’’ that arranged by : Name : Jeny ayu hardiah ningrum Registrasion Number : 1114040162 Group : III (Three) Class : ICP A After checked by assistant and assistant coordinator so this report was accepted Makassar, November 4 th 2011 Assistant Coordinator Assistant ( Djumarirmanto,S.Pd ) (Fitri ) ID.091404168
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
,
RATIFICATION PAGE
Complete report of basic biology practicum with title ’’ How To Use
Microscope’’ that arranged by :
Name : Jeny ayu hardiah ningrum
Registrasion Number : 1114040162
Group : III (Three)
Class : ICP A
After checked by assistant and assistant coordinator so this report was
accepted
Makassar, November 4th 2011
Assistant Coordinator Assistant
( Djumarirmanto,S.Pd) (Fitri) ID.091404168
,
CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION
A.Background
Microscope ,this word not new for us,I have use when I in junior high school
and senior high school,we had now practicum of microscope is one of practicum in
biology department ,biology is one of branch of science wich explained about
matter and the energy which has connection with human life and the process of
their life,human life concist of seme cell very small,for the first time we must to
know how to use the microscope because we just can see cell with use the
microscope which can help us to see cell and structure of cell
Do this practicum is the challenge for us because we must know components
or part of microscope before we do this practicum about microscope, we can not
get shadow, but my teacher help me,and my observation have succesed, and this
practicum very accostumed but I always try although the tenses in report very
hurd, not only present tense but past tens also. light very important for this
practicum if don’t have light,I can not see cell and I can not find something
This practicum is very interest and it is very challenge, so we have to try and
try use it better than past time when we still studied ,I always studied in junior high
school and senior high scool because I hope in future I can become a biology
teacher.the reasons to do this practicum very many because it is one of the subject
which we must know it.seeing happening problem, I interest to do praktikum this
and to know more about microscope, therefore of that i hopes more know a lot of
about microscope and part. not only sectioned but logistic and way utilizes also
need at knows that deep utilize tool not false again.
,
B.Purpose
The purpose of practicum is the students of University can use the biology
microscope and safe to see a simple preparate.
C.Benefit
The benefit this practicum is the student of university more to know,part of
microscope and function.the students can use microscope well more than senior
high school,we can know the purpose of this practicum ,the manner to keep the
microscope and the right procedure wor k to use microscope.
,
CHAPTER IIPREVIEW OF LITERATURE
Light microscopes is an indispensable technique for cell and molecular
biologist to study cellular structures and biological processes in both living and fixed
cells.this chapter provides and overview of light microscopy .describes the important
parts of the microscope and goes on to explain how to set up a standard research
microscope for bright field and phase contrast microscopy.there is also a short section
on concfocalmicroscopy,more comprehensive descriptions of the different forms of
light microscopy are found elsewhere.Microsopes are instruments that produce an
enlarged image of a specimen. The eyepieces and the objectives are the main
components of the magnification system of the microscope,the product of the
magnification of the objective lens and the ocular give the total magnification of the
microscope.the visibility of the magnifed specimen depends on contrast and
resolution. Contrast is the difference in light bintensity between an object and its
background. some biological samples contain coloured compouns. The key
components of the compound microscope consist of : the eyepieces ,body tubes,nose
pieces and objectives are part of the magnification system of the microscope.To use a
microscope properly,and to get the most out of it ,it is important to understand the
purpose and function of each of the microscope’s components (Harris,2006)
The simple example of a microscope is a double convex lens of the type that
is used as a magnifiying glass .in the late 1500s to dutch spectacle makers developed
the compound microscope .their device had two convex lenses placed at either and of
a tube and was capable of magnifiying an object to 10 times.its actual size
today,developments in microscopy provide scientist with a wide selection of
instruments with wich to view the smallest organism and even the components of
individual cells.These microscopes range in complexity from the relatively simple
,
models you will use in the laboratory today to highty sophisticated scanning and
transmission electron microscopes (Helms R.Dorris ,2006)
A compound microscope contains two lens system .one is located in the
ocular and the other in the objective ,each of the lenses magnifies the object
independently .the ocular eyepiece magnification is disagnated in a similar manner,in
order to determine the total magnification of acombination a two lenses multiply
themanification of your microscope for both low and high power (windell,1975)
There are two objectives mounted on a movable stage instead of a movable
body tube,on each on side of the arm near the base you will see a large knob and
represents both the coarse and fine adjustment,turning the adjustment one quarter turn
in either direction represents fine adjustment ,turning it a greater amount represents
coarse adjustment (windell,1957).
There are two objecteves the nosepiece called the resolving nosepiece.a spring
catch enganges the nose piece to hold each objective in position,the shorter objective
is the low power objective and is marked 10x.the high power objective is longer and
is ,arked 43x or 45x.The microscope is parfocal which means that anobject is in focus
when the noce piece is rotated from one position to another .when switching from low
to high power watch from the side to see whether or not the objective will touch the
slide .if it does touch,lower the stage slightly before placing the objective into
position (windell,1957).
A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked
eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy.
Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. There are many types
of microscopes, the most common and first to be invented is the optical microscope which
uses light to image the sample. Other major types of microscopes are the electron microscope
(both the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope) and the
various types of scanning probe microscope(anonymous a,2011)