Copyright 2009 WISP Copyright 2009 WISP - - Router, Inc. Router, Inc. Copyright 2009 WISP Copyright 2009 WISP - - Router, Inc. Router, Inc. Webinar presentation by WISP Webinar presentation by WISP - - Router Router Inc Inc ’ ’ s Chief Technology Officer Eje s Chief Technology Officer Eje Gustafsson in cooperation with EnGenius Gustafsson in cooperation with EnGenius Technologies Technologies E E - - mail: eje@wisp mail: eje@wisp - - router.com router.com How to start a wireless ISP, How to start a wireless ISP, manage and grow your business. manage and grow your business.
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How to Start a Wireless ISP, Manage and Grow Your Business
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About your instructor Eje Gustafsson About your instructor Eje Gustafsson Network and Unix Administrator for 6 years at Aeronautical ReseNetwork and Unix Administrator for 6 years at Aeronautical Research Institute of arch Institute of
SwedenSweden–– Built Organisations first Webserver in 1993Built Organisations first Webserver in 1993–– Setup Organisations Firewall in 1995Setup Organisations Firewall in 1995–– Rebuilt network with redunant Fiberbased GigE backboneRebuilt network with redunant Fiberbased GigE backbone–– Administrated and maintained 2 Silicon Graphics SupercomputersAdministrated and maintained 2 Silicon Graphics Supercomputers–– Introduced Linux based workstationsIntroduced Linux based workstations–– Administrated 40+ Unix workstations and servers (SGI Irix, HPAdministrated 40+ Unix workstations and servers (SGI Irix, HP--UX, IBM AIX, Linux, UX, IBM AIX, Linux, OpenBSD)OpenBSD)
Backup and storage consultant at Saven for 1 yearBackup and storage consultant at Saven for 1 year–– Specialized in Legato backupSpecialized in Legato backup–– Backup Robot Systems from Sun, ATL, OverlandBackup Robot Systems from Sun, ATL, Overland–– Backup and storage design, installations, training and troublesBackup and storage design, installations, training and troubleshootinghooting
Owner of ISP and Computer Service company Family Entertainment Owner of ISP and Computer Service company Family Entertainment Network LLC Network LLC since 1999since 1999
–– Webservers, Dialup and later Wireless High Speed NetworksWebservers, Dialup and later Wireless High Speed NetworksFounder and CTO of WISPFounder and CTO of WISP--Router, Inc 2005Router, Inc 2005
–– Company Grew out of side business started under Family EntertaiCompany Grew out of side business started under Family Entertainment Networknment Network
Frequency usage governed by FCCFrequency usage governed by FCC–– Part 15 regulations for unlicensed usagePart 15 regulations for unlicensed usage
Part 15 covers an assortment of electronic equipment Part 15 covers an assortment of electronic equipment that generates RF energy whether itthat generates RF energy whether it’’s s intentionalintentional, , unintentionalunintentional or or incidentalincidental
–– DefinitionsDefinitionsInterferenceInterferenceHarmful interferenceHarmful interferenceSpurious EmissionsSpurious EmissionsIntentional RadiatorIntentional RadiatorUnintentional radiatorUnintentional radiatorIncidental RadiatorIncidental RadiatorDigital DeviceDigital DeviceClass B digital deviceClass B digital device
FCC and Part 15 RegulationsFCC and Part 15 Regulations
Signal levels are very small not likely to cause harmful interfSignal levels are very small not likely to cause harmful interferenceerence–– Allowed levels to protect on neighborAllowed levels to protect on neighbor’’s television from another neighbors s television from another neighbors video game as an examplevideo game as an example–– Not enough always to protect sensitive reception equipmentNot enough always to protect sensitive reception equipment
““Type AcceptedType Accepted””–– Requirement PartRequirement Part--15 devices, transmitter and digital device are type 15 devices, transmitter and digital device are type accepted has been written out of the rulesaccepted has been written out of the rules
VerificationVerification–– Manufacturer self approved process (computer parts not connecteManufacturer self approved process (computer parts not connected to d to phoneline or contain intentional radiators such as Single Board phoneline or contain intentional radiators such as Single Board Computers)Computers)
Harmful InterferenceHarmful Interference–– Rules require that manufactures test products to ensure that thRules require that manufactures test products to ensure that they do not ey do not exceed the absolute maximum limits and that products can not opeexceed the absolute maximum limits and that products can not operate in rate in such a way that they do NOT cause harmful interference.such a way that they do NOT cause harmful interference.–– Operators are responsible for correcting the interference or toOperators are responsible for correcting the interference or to stop using stop using devices if harmful interference occurse devices if harmful interference occurse
High Power Intentional RadiatorsHigh Power Intentional Radiators–– Specifically authorized intentional emittersSpecifically authorized intentional emitters–– Allowed radio power as much as 1 WattAllowed radio power as much as 1 Watt–– Specific radio frequencies onlySpecific radio frequencies only–– Device Certification RequiredDevice Certification Required–– Examples: Examples:
WiFi equipmentWiFi equipmentGarage door openersGarage door openersCordless phonesCordless phonesBaby MonitorsBaby Monitors
Low Power Intentional RadiatorsLow Power Intentional Radiators–– Allows usage on nearly any frequencyAllows usage on nearly any frequency–– Very limited to specific field strengths depending on frequencyVery limited to specific field strengths depending on frequency–– Device Certification RequiredDevice Certification Required–– Examples:Examples:
FM transmitters (MP3 docks for car stereos as example)FM transmitters (MP3 docks for car stereos as example)
Unintentional RadiatorsUnintentional Radiators–– Radiated emission limits above 30MHzRadiated emission limits above 30MHz–– Conducted emission limits below 30MHz Conducted emission limits below 30MHz –– Most common are computers and similar digital devicesMost common are computers and similar digital devices
Incidental RadiatorsIncidental Radiators–– PartPart--15 requires that they use good engineering and they not cause ha15 requires that they use good engineering and they not cause harmful interference to radio rmful interference to radio serviceservice–– Include devices like motors and power linesInclude devices like motors and power lines
(700MHz)(700MHz)900MHz900MHz2.4GHz2.4GHz5.155.15--5.25GHz (indoor use only)5.25GHz (indoor use only)5.255.25--5.35GHz (low power outdoor)5.35GHz (low power outdoor)5.8GHz (high power outdoor)5.8GHz (high power outdoor)24GHz24GHz60GHz60GHz
900MHz only Near or None Line of Sight 900MHz only Near or None Line of Sight Freznel zone clearanceFreznel zone clearanceReflectionsReflectionsWeatherWeather
Signal is the sum of spectrum of frequencies Signal is the sum of spectrum of frequencies usedused
With more signal events per time frame With more signal events per time frame and/or wider spectrum usage, the more data and/or wider spectrum usage, the more data can be transmitted on that signal.can be transmitted on that signal.
Frequency bandwidth is the span of a signal's Frequency bandwidth is the span of a signal's spectrum from lowest to the highest frequency spectrum from lowest to the highest frequency usedused
The term The term ““bandwidthbandwidth”” is more commonly is more commonly used to describe the volume of data that can used to describe the volume of data that can be encoded per timeframebe encoded per timeframe
Using 2422 as center frequency the Using 2422 as center frequency the signal covers between 2412 to 2432. The signal covers between 2412 to 2432. The signal spans over the center frequency of signal spans over the center frequency of 4 channels but encroaches on 6 channels 4 channels but encroaches on 6 channels signal spansignal span
In 802.11b/g (2.4GHz) there are 3 nonIn 802.11b/g (2.4GHz) there are 3 non--overlapping channelsoverlapping channels
In 802.11a (upper 5GHz) there are 6 In 802.11a (upper 5GHz) there are 6 nonnon--overlapping channelsoverlapping channels
In 802.11a (lower 5GHz) there are 10 In 802.11a (lower 5GHz) there are 10 nonnon--overlapping channels (5 for indoor use overlapping channels (5 for indoor use only)only)
Antenna GainAntenna Gain–– Measured in Measured in dBidBi
Radio PowerRadio Power–– Measured in Measured in dBmdBm
EIRP EIRP -- Effective Isotropic Radiated Power Effective Isotropic Radiated Power –– Total system output power in dBmTotal system output power in dBm–– EIRP = (TX Power) EIRP = (TX Power) –– (Line Loss) + (Antenna Gain)(Line Loss) + (Antenna Gain)
How well a radio can hearHow well a radio can hearMinimum signal level required Minimum signal level required Very dependent on radio qualityVery dependent on radio qualityExample EOCExample EOC--26102610–– 802.11g: 802.11g: --92dBm @ 6Mbps, 92dBm @ 6Mbps, --74 @ 54Mbps74 @ 54Mbps–– 802.11b: 802.11b: --97dbM @ 1Mbps, 97dbM @ 1Mbps, --89 @ 11Mbps89 @ 11Mbps
DirectivityDirectivity–– An antenna is getting most of itAn antenna is getting most of it’’s gain by s gain by focusing the signal in a direction. focusing the signal in a direction. –– Antenna PatternAntenna Pattern
Beamwidth E & V PlaneBeamwidth E & V PlaneDowntiltDowntiltFront to back ratioFront to back ratio
Omni 9dB omni with 7deg downtiltOmni 9dB omni with 7deg downtilt
ProsPros–– Rejects 15 to 30dB of all vertical noiseRejects 15 to 30dB of all vertical noise–– ““CleanClean”” unused spectrumunused spectrum–– Most people traditionally deploys verticalMost people traditionally deploys vertical
ConsCons–– Expensive basestation antennasExpensive basestation antennas–– Unsuitable for mobile applicationsUnsuitable for mobile applications
ProsPros–– Best option for mobile applicationsBest option for mobile applications–– Wide arrange of supported end user hwWide arrange of supported end user hw–– Cheap basestation antennasCheap basestation antennas
ConsCons–– Cheap basestation antennasCheap basestation antennas–– Plethora of wireless hardware in use in homes Plethora of wireless hardware in use in homes and business. WiFi APand business. WiFi AP’’s, baby monitors, garage s, baby monitors, garage door openers, X10, cordless phonesdoor openers, X10, cordless phones
Example: Example: Path loss for a 10 Mile link on channel 6 (2432 MHz)Path loss for a 10 Mile link on channel 6 (2432 MHz)20 + 67.72 + 36.6 = 124.32 dB20 + 67.72 + 36.6 = 124.32 dB
Line of sight (obstructions) Line of sight (obstructions) –– Trees / vegetationTrees / vegetation–– BuildingsBuildings–– Hills, mountainsHills, mountains
Use broadband routers at customer connection pointUse broadband routers at customer connection point–– Ease of control of multiple computersEase of control of multiple computers
–– Virus Virus ““preventionprevention””–– Prevent file shares and other Prevent file shares and other ““locallocal”” traffic into your networktraffic into your network
Use routing between APUse routing between AP’’s and backhauls. s and backhauls. –– Access control Access control –– Firewalling capabilities Firewalling capabilities –– Smaller broadcast domainsSmaller broadcast domains–– Easier troubleshooting Easier troubleshooting
My customer has more then one computer?My customer has more then one computer?–– Buy 5 EOCBuy 5 EOC--2610 get 2 Free ESR2610 get 2 Free ESR--12201220–– Buy 10 EOCBuy 10 EOC--2610 get 5 free ESR2610 get 5 free ESR--12201220
Understand their offerings and most Understand their offerings and most important their limitations and coverage areas.important their limitations and coverage areas.
Befriend Your WISP Competition. Befriend Your WISP Competition. Work out RF InterferenceWork out RF InterferenceWork out revenue sharing opportunityWork out revenue sharing opportunity–– Hotspot roamingHotspot roaming–– Share Share APsAPs on same toweron same tower–– Redundant backhaulsRedundant backhauls–– Backup InternetBackup Internet
Mind that Mind that WISPWISP’’ss have a common have a common ““enemyenemy”” and and we have limited RF resources!we have limited RF resources!
WISP Competition?WISP Competition?
Copyright 2009 WISPCopyright 2009 WISP--Router, Inc.Router, Inc.
Advantages Over CompetitorsAdvantages Over Competitors
EnPowerEnPower partner programpartner programStandalone solutionStandalone solutionNo fees for license or supportNo fees for license or supportEasy installationEasy installationReduced total cost of ownershipReduced total cost of ownershipComplete product indoor/outdoor mixComplete product indoor/outdoor mix
Copyright 2009 WISPCopyright 2009 WISP--Router, Inc.Router, Inc.
EnPowerEnPower Dealer ProgramDealer Program
Program HighlightDirect CommunicationPro-Active RelationshipShared Investment, Shared Reward