How to Perform Umrah? - Quranic Resources

How to Perform Umrah?___________________________________________________________________________________

Introduction

This article is about how to perform Umrah, the intention for writing this is to provide the reader withquick tips and/or brief description on what are the keys aspects and rituals that need to be performed tocomplete the umrah.

What is Umrah?

In Arabic, Umrah means “to visit a populated place”. The Umrah (Arabic: is a pilgrimage to ( عمرة

Mecca, Saudi Arabia, performed by Muslims that can be under- taken at any time of the year, incontrast to the Hajj.i

How to Perform Umrah?

This article ignores the pre-requisites to performing Umrah, such as but not limited to:1- Eligibility for going to Umrah: To be a Muslim, To have reached puberty, To be of sound mind, Tobe free (not a slave), To have the financial means, To possess the physical means, To have a Mahram(for Women), etc.ii

2- Applying for visa, 3- Getting air tickets, 4- Booking hotels, 5- Arranging Travel between Makkah & Madina, 6- Details & Benefits of going to Madina, etc.

This article only covers the steps involved, as mentioned below:

What is Ihraam?Ihraam is the state entered into at the Meeqat in which certain acts and types of clothing are forbidden.

What is / are Meeqat(s)?

The meeqat(s) are places for assuming Ihraam, these are five in number. They are for those who livethere and those who pass by them intending Hajj or Umrah. And he whose house is nearer to Makkahthen he makes Ihraam from his house, the people of Makkah making ihraam from Makkah (from theirhouses).

Step 1: Assuming Ihraamiii

1- It is Mustahabb (liked) for anyone going for Umrah to take a ghusl (bath) for Ihraam even if awoman is in her periods or in after birth confinement.

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2- Then the men may wear whatever clothes he wishes that are not made in the shape of the body andthese clothes are called by the fuqahaa (religious scholars) “ghair al mukheet (unstiched)”. So he wearsa ridaa (upper garment) and izaar (lower garment) or whatever, and sandals or any footwear that doesnot cover the ankle-bone.

3- He does not wear a hat or an imaamah (turban) or anything like that which fits onto and covers thehead this referring only to men. As for the women she does not remove anything of the clothes that areprescribed for her in the Shari'ah, except that she should not tie on the niqaab (face veil) or the burqa' orthe lithaam (lower face cover, up to the eyes) or handkerchief and she should not wear gloves. AndRasoolullah (SAWS) said: The Muhrim should not wear the shirt, or the 'Imaamah, or the hoodedcloack, or trousers, or a garment touched by wars (dyed with saffron) or Saffron; or leather socksunless he cannot find sandals (then in that case he may wear leather socks), and Rassolullah SAWSsaid: The woman Muhrim should not affix a face veil and should not wear gloves. And it is permissiblefor the woman to cover her face with something like a khimaar (headscarf) or the jilbaab which sheputs on her head and allows to hang down over her face, even if it touches her face according to thecorrect opinion, however, she should not tie it on, as Ibn Taymiyyah says.

4- He may put on the clothing of Ihraam before the meeqat even in his own house as RasoolullahSAWS and his companions did. And this makes it easier for those making Umrah by aeroplane forwhom it is not possible to put on Ihraam at the meeqat so it is permissible for them to embark on theplane in ihraam, but they do not make the intention of Ihraam until very shortly before the meeqat inorder that they do not cross the meeqat without ihraam.

5- He may use body oil and perfume himself with any perfume he pleases, which has odour but nocolour, however, women use that which has colour but no odour and all this is to be before he makesintention of Ihraam at the meeqat after that this is Haraam.

Step 2: Ihraam and Niyyah (Intention)iv

1- So when he comes to the meeqat it becomes waajib (Obligatory) for him to assume Ihraam and themere wish and intention to perform Umrah is not sufficient as that has been with him since leaving hisown land rather he must perform by word and action what will cause him to be muhrim. So when herecites 'talbiyyah' intending to enter into ihraam then his ihraam is concluded as agreed upon by thescholars.

2- So when he wishes to make ihraam for Umrah, he must say:

كك ههبم للببيي يمكرةة لاللل ببهعLabbaik Allahumma bi-Umrah

Oh Allah here I am performing Umrah

3- And he does not say anythign more than the talbiyyah, such as, their saying “O Allah, I intend to

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make Hajj or Umrah so make it easy for me and accept is from me...” as none of this is reported fromRasoolullah SAWS just like speaking with the intention for wudoo, salaat and fasting, all of this beingfrom the newly invented matters and as is well known, Rasoolullah SAWS said: ...for every newlyinvented matter is an innovation, and every innovation is a going astray and every going astray is inHell Fire. (Tirmizi - Sahih)

Where are the Meeqats located?v

It is important to mention a Hadith, instead of mentioning opinions, please see below:Narrated Ibn Abbas RA that Rasoolullah SAWS fixed Dhul Hulaifah as the Meeqat for the people ofMadina, Al Juhfah for the people of Sham, Qarnul Manazil for the people of Najd, and Yalamlam forthe people of Yemen; and these Mawaqit are for those living at those very places, and besides them forall those who come through them with the intention of performing Hajj and Umrah; and whoever isliving within these Mawaqit should assume Ihraam from where he starts, and the people of Makkah canassume Ihraam (for Hajj only) from Makkah. (Sahih Al Bukhari: 1526)

Dhul Hulaifah: is also known as Abyar Ali or Abaar Ali (the wells of Ali). It is situated about 10kilometers (6 miles) outside Madinah. It is for the pilgrims of Madina and those coming from North.

Dhat Irq: is for the pilgrims coming from the direction of Iraq. It is about 67 kilometers (42 miles) fromMakkah.

Qarn Al Manazil: now known as As-Sayl. This is for the pilgrims coming from the Najd and the East. Itis situated near the city of Taif.

Yalamlam: also known as As-Sadiah. This is for the pilgrims coming from Yemen and its direction(South). It is about 48 kilometers (30 miles) from Makkah.

Al Juhfah: is today an abandoned village north west of Makkah near the town of Rabigh. Pilgrimscoming from Syria and its direction adopt their Ihraam from Rabigh.

Those who are traveling via airplane, must assume Ihraam from their houses and only make Niyyah atthe meeqat boundary. Some airlines announce the meeqat prior to reaching the respective meeqatboundary, some only display a message on the screen about 10-20 minutes before the meeqat.

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Figure 1: Meeqat Diagram showing the boundary of Makkah

Some Conditionsvi

1- And if he wishes when making talbiya, he may state a condition to Allah SWT fearing that whichmay prevent him (from completion of Umrah) whether illness or fear saying as Rasoolullah SAWStaught:

ههبم لحلل ى لاللل ثث كم كسبكتبن ى كحي كحAllahumma Mahallee Haithu Hasabtanee

O Allah my place is wherever you prevent me.

So if he does that and is then prevented or becomes ill then he may leave ihraam of Umrah and there isno re-compensatory sacrifice due upon him.

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2- There is no special prayer for ihraam, however, if it is time for prayer before ihraam, then he shouldpray and then put on ihraam following the example of Rasoolullah SAWS, who put on ihraam afterpraying Zuhr.

3- However, he whose meeqat is Dhul Hulaifa then it is mustahabb for him to pray there, not forihraam, but because of the place and its being blessed. As Al Bukhari has narrated from Umar RA, whosaid: “I heard Rasoolullah SAWS say in Waadi ul Aqeeq: Someone came to me this night from my Lordand said: Pray in this blessed valley, and say Umrah with Hajj. And Ibn Umar RA narrates fromRasoolullah SAWS: ...that he saw, when alighting for sleep at the end of the night in Dhul Hulaifa inthe center of the valley, one saying to him: You are in the blessed stony ground.

Step 3: Talbiyyah and Raising the Voicevii

1- Then he should stand facing the Qiblah, and say tabliyyah for Umrah as has preceded, and say:

ههبم بجل ة هلذله لاللل كه ا بركي اء لل ا كح يمكعل ة كولل ا لفي هسAllahumma hadhihi hajjah, Laa Riyaa'a feehaa wala sum'ah

O Allah this is a Hajj, there being no ostentation (display or showing off) in it or hypocrisy.

2- And he should say the talbiyyah of Rasoolullah SAWS:

كك ككل لل كشبري ككل لل ال هملل كوالل ككل كملل ةل لل يع كوالنن كحيمكدل لنل الل ككل بإ ككل للببيي ككل لل كشبري ككل لل ال ههبمل للببيي ككل اللل للببييLabbaik Allahumma Labbaik, Labbaika Laa Shareeka Laka Labbaik, Innal Hamda Wan Na'mata LakaWal Mulk, La Shareeka Laka

Here I am O Allah, here I am, there is no partner for you here I am, Certainly all praise is due for you,and every bounty is from you, and all dominion is Yours, you have no partner

3- It is better to stick to the talbiyyah of Rasoolullah SAWS, although there are others reported fromsome Sahaba, hence they are not included here.

4- The one saying the talbiyyah is ordered to raise his voice with it, as Rasoolullah SAWS said: Jibrailcame to me and ordered me to order my companions and those with me to raise their voices withtalbiyyah.viii

5- And women, regarding the talbiyyah are like men as the above Hadith(s) are general, so they shouldraise their voices as long as there is no fear of fitnah. And Aishah RA used to raise her voice until themen could hear her. Abu Atiyyah Said: “I heard Aishah RA saying: Certainly, I Know how was thetalbiyyah of Rasoolullah SAWS, then I heard her after that saying: Labbaik Allahumma Labbaik...ix

6- Talbiyyah must be repeated due to the fact that, Rasoolullah SAWS Said: There is no one who makes

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talbiyyah except that wahtever is on his right and left i.e. the trees and stones also make talbiyyah untilthe earth resounds from here and there, meaning on his right and left.x

7- So when he reaches the haram of Makkah and sees the houses of Makkah he leaves off the talbiyyahto concentrate on the following actions:

Step 4: Taking Ghusl for Entering Makkah

1- And whoever can take a ghusl (bath) before entering Makkah then he should do so. And he shouldenter Makkah in the day following the example of Rasoolullah SAWS.xi

2- And he should enter from the upper part of Makkah which today has Bab ul Milaah as RasoolullahSAWS entered from the upper pass (Kadaa)xii above the grave yard, and he entered the Masjid fromBab Bani Shaibah as that was the nearest way to the Black Stone (Al Hajrul Aswad)

3- However, one can enter by any path as Rasoolullah SAWS said: All of the mountain passes ofMakkah are a pathway and place for slaughter and in another hadith, all of Makkah is a pathway. Heenters from here and leaves from here.ix

4- When entering the Masjid, do not forget to enter by the right footxiii and say:

ههبم كحبمةد كعل ى كصلل لاللل ههبم كسللم بو هم كب لليـي لافكت ح لاللل كوا كك لاب يحكملت كرAllahumma Salli Ala Muhammadin wa sallim, Allahumma Aftah Li Abwaaba Rahmatikaxiv

5- When he sees the Kaba, there is no dua established from Rasoolullah SAWS at this point. So onemay make dua with whatever he can, however, if he wishes, he can make the same dua, which UmarRA made:

ههبم كت لاللل بسلل اهم أن كك ال بسلل اهم كولمن كحبي ال بسلل ام كرببكن ا لف بب الAllahumma Antas Salamu wa minkas Salamu Fahayyina rabbana bis Salaam

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Figure 2: Showing the four corners of Kabaa and other parts of Masjid Al Haramxv

Step 5: Arrival Tawaaf (Tawaaf Al Qudoom)

1- Immaterial from where you entered the Masjid Al Haram, Tawaaf starts from the Black Stone (AlHajr Al Aswad), so one should face it and make takbeer. And one may say Bismillah before it, so oneactually says “Bismillahi Allahu Akbar”, as is reported from Ibn Umar, though the same is not reportedfrom Rasoolullah SAWS.

2- Then he touches the Black Stone with his hand and kisses it also, and makes sajda upon it, asRasoolullah SAWS did, and Umar RA and Ibn Abbas.xvi

3- If he is not able to kiss it, then he touches it with his hand then kisses his hand.

4- And even if he cannot touch the Black Stone, he should make a sign towards it with his hand, (which

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is the case in our times).

5- One should not push or crowd around the Black Stone, to get to it, according to the instruction ofRasoolullah SAWS: O Umar RA, you are a stong man, so do not harm the weak, and when you wish totouch it, and if not then face it and say takbeer.xvii

6- And there is in touching the Black Stone a great excellence as Rasoolullah SAWS said: Allah willraise up the Stone on the Day of Judgement, and will have two eyes with which it will see, and a tonguewith which it talks and it will give witness in favour of everyone who touched it in truth.xviii AndRasoolulah SAWS said: Touching the Black Stone and the Yemeni corner removes sins.xix The BlackStone is from Paradise, and it used to be whiter than milk, but the sins of the children of Adam turned itblack.xx

7- One Tawaaf is one circle starting from and ending at the Black Stone in anti-clockwise direction. Itis necessary to say takbeer on every round one makes, and it is required to make seven rounds tocomplete the tawaaf. The upper garment of Ihraam is worn in tawaaf, over the left shoulder and underthe right arm pit (this is called idtibaa, which is allowed only during tawaaf and not before or after it).This style of ihraam shall be worn throughout the tawaaf. The first three rounds of Tawaaf are requiredto be done, by walking quickly and with boldness (known as ramal, a strong walk in which theshoulders are thrust forward). And in the rest of the four rounds of Tawaaf one must walk normally.

8- During tawaaf, it is permissible to touch the Yemeni corner, but is not allowed to kiss it. If one is notable to touch it then he should not make any sign towards it at all.

9- Between the Yemeni corner and the Black Stone one must recite the following:

ددينكي ا لفي آلتكن ا كرببكن ا كسكنةل ة ال لخكرلة كولفي كح كسكنةل ة ال كب كولقكن ا كح بر كعلذا البن اRabbana aatina fiddunya hasanatan wa fil aakhirati hasanatan wa qina Adhaaban Naar (Chapter 2:Verse 201)

Our Fosterer ! give us good in this world and good in the hereafter and save us from the punishment offire.xxi

10- One is not allowed to touch the other two corners of the Kaaba, following the example ofRasoolullah SAWS. It is reported from Yalaa ibn Umayyah who said: I made tawaaf with Umar Ibn AlKhattab RA, so when I came to the corner after the Door, I started to touch it, so he said: 'Have you notmade tawaaf with Rasoolullah SAWS?' I said: Yes. He said: 'Then did you see him touch it? I said: No.He said: “Then do likewise for there is for you in Rasoolullah SAWS a good example.”xxii

Step 6: Iltizaam between the corner and the door

1- One may cling to the place between the Black Stone and the Door of the Kaaba, placing his chest,face and forearms upon this place.xxiii

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2- There is no particular dhikr (zikr) for tawaaf, so one may read Quran or say any dhikr one maypleases, according to the saying of Rasoolullah SAWS: Tawaaf around the House of Kaaba is prayer,except that Allah SWT has allowed speech in it, so one who speaks then let him not say anythingexcept, good things and in a narration: so let him limit his talk in it.xxiv

3- And it is forbidden for a naked person or a menstruating woman to make tawaaf of the House(Kaaba), as he SAWS said: A naked person may not make tawaaf of the House.xxv And his saying toAisha RA when she came to make Umrah in the final Hajj: Do as anyone making Hajj does, except donot make tawaaf of the House (and do not pray) until you became clean.xxvi

4- So when the seventh round is over, one should cover back the right shoulder and move to the Placeof Ibrahim (Maqaam e Ibrahim) and recite:

لخثذولا كم بملق ابم لم ن كوابت لهي يبكرا كصلل ى بإ همWattakhizu min maqaami ibrahima musalla (Chapter 2: Verse 125)

...And take from the place where Ibrahim stood, a place for (offering) worship (salat)...

5- Then one must place maqaam e ibrahim between himself and the Kaaba and pray two rakahs, andrecite there in Surah Kafiroon and Surah Qul huwa Allahu ahad.

6- While praying, as is the norm during any prayer in any masjid, one should not allow others to walkin front of him nor he/she shall walk between the hands of any other praying person. The ahadithforbidding this are generic and there is no established exception for the Masjid Al Haram, let alone therest of Makkah. This is based on the saying of Rasoolullah SAWS, who said: If the one walkingbetween the hands of one praying knew what were upon him then it would be better for him to standstill for forty than that he should walk between the hands.xxvii Note Also that the unit of time is notmentioned by Rasoolullah SAWS in the Hadith.

7- Then after praying one shall drink Zamzam, and we are allowed to pour some on our head, asRasoolullah SAWS said: Zamzam water is for what it is drunk forxxviii and he said: It is blessed and it isa food and a cure for illnessxxix and he also said: The best water on the face of the earth is Zamzamwater, in it is nourishment and a cure from illness.xxx

8- Then he comes back to the black stone, says takbeer and touches it as before.

Step 7: Sa'ee between Safa and Marwa

1- Safa and Marwa are two small hills, now within the Masjid Al Haram, one can find directional signsin the Masjid from all directions. If you entered from the Bab Bani Shaibah, then you already know thelocation of Safa and Marwa, if not, then just simply follow the signs.

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2- The sa'ee starts from Safa, so when one reaches the foot of Safa, then one must recite the followingverse of the Quran, the same is also written around the dome right above Safa and Marwa, when youlook up:

لن بصلف ا بإ كولة ال كمير ي ن الللل كشكعئآلئبر لم ن كوالل كم بج لف كت كح بو اللكبيي كمكر لأ يعكت لل ا كح لف كف لأن كعللييلل هجكن ا لطبو كم ا كي به كع كوكم ن بب لطبو كخييررا كتلن لكرر الللل لفبإ رم كش ا كعللي

Innas Safa wal Marwata min sha'aa'irillahi faman hajjal baita awi' tamara falaa junaha alaihi anyattawwafa bihima wa man tatawa'aa khairan fa innallaha shakirun aleem.

The (hills of )Safa and Marwa are certainly among the symbols of Allah, so whoever is on a pilgrimage(Hajj) to the house (Kaaba) or pays a visit (Umrah) there is no sin on him if he goes around both ofthem, and whoever does good willingly, then Allah is certainly One Who acknowledges, the Knower.(Chapter 2: Verse 158)

3- And then he says:

كدثا كم ا كنيب كدا بب ببلل لالل كبNabda'u bima bada'Allahu bihi

We begin with what Allah began with

4- Then he faces the Kabaa and makes tauheed of Allah and Takbeer, saying:

لاككبر لالل لاككبر لالل لاككبر لالللال لاللكل لال يحكدهه لا كك لال كو هك للهل ، للهل كشبري هملل كحيمهد كوللهل الل يحبي ى الل هت هي لميي ي ىءء ثكلل كعلل ى ههكو كو كوهي لديير كش لقلال لاللكل لال يحكدهه لا كك لال كو لنكز ، للهل كشبري يعكدهه لأ كصكر كو ، كو كدهه كن كب كهكزكم كو كعيب يحكزا اللال يحكدهه ا كو

Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar Allahu AkbarLa ilaha illallahu wahdahu Laa shareeka lahu, lahul mulku wa lahul hamdu yuhyee wa yumeetu wahuwa ala kulli shai'in qadeerLa ilaha illallahu wahdahu Laa shareeka lahu, anjaza wa'dahu wa nasara abdahu wa hazamal ahzaabawahdahu

Saying the above 3 times and making dua after each time.

5- Then he descends for sa'ee between Safa and Marwa, as Rasoolullah SAWS said: Make Sa'ee asAllah has prescribed sa'ee for you.xxxi

6- So he walks till the start of the green lights, and runs till he reaches the end of the green lights. Andthis place was in the time of Rasoolullah SAWS a dried river bed covered with small stones, andRasoolullah SAWS said: The river bed is not crossed except with vigour.xxxii Then one must walk upto

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Marwa and ascends it and does upon it as he did upon Safa, facing the Qiblah, saying takbeer andtahleel and making dua and that forms one complete circuit.

Note: For women, there is no running either in Raml during tawaaf or in Sa'ee, as the majority ofscholars are of this view, as the same may uncover her skin, which is not permitted.

7- Then one must return till he reaches Safa, walking in the places of walking and running in the placesof running, and that is the second circuit.

8- Then one must return to Marwa and so on, till you complete seven circuits finishing on Marwa.

9- It is permissible for one performing Sa'ee to ride on a camel while doing Sa'ee, however,Rasoolullah SAWS preferred to walk.xxxiii

10- One possible dua during Sa'ee is as follows:

Rabbighfir warham innaka antal a'azzul akram

O Lord, forgive and have mercy, certainly you are most mighty and most noble.

11- After finishing the seventh circuit at Marwa one must proceed to shave his head, after whichIhraam can be removed and whatever was haram for him in the state of ihraam, now becomes lawfulagain.

12- Umrah is now complete.

Notes:

1- One can stay in Makkah after Umrah is complete for as many days, remember that each Fard Prayerin Masjid Al Haram in Makkah carries a reward of 100,000 prayers. Focus on this aspect and avoiddoing other unimportant things.

2- As long as you are in Makkah, make tawaaf of the house, Kabaa, as much as possible. Do not overstress yourself, as one can easily fall sick. After each Tawaaf you must pray two rakah near Maqaam eibraheem.

3- Before leaving Makkah, you have to perform Tawaaf Al Wada, the farewell tawaaf. This should bethe last ibadaah that you perform in Makkah.

4- There is only one Umrah per visit, so do not go to Masjid Aishah for changing into ihraam andperform Umrah, this is not as per the Sunnah of the Prophet. For women who are in menstruationduring Hajj or Umrah, it is allowed for them to go to Masjid Aishah to become clean and perform thebalance rites that were left out by such ladies.

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i http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umrah ii Page 32, Getting the best out of Al Hajj, Abu Muneer Ismail Davids, Darussalamiii Page 15, Guide to Hajj and Umrah, Mohammad Nasiruddin Al Albani, Rightway Publicationsiv Page 16, Guide to Hajj and Umrah, Mohammad Nasiruddin Al Albani, Rightway Publicationsv Page 163, Getting the best out of Al Hajj, Abu Muneer Ismail Davids, Darussalamvi Page 20, Guide to Hajj and Umrah, Mohammed Nasiruddin Al Albani, Rightway Publicationsvii Page 21, Guide to Hajj and Umrah, Mohammad Nasiruddin Al Albani, Rightway Publicationsviii Sahih Abu Dawood, Hadith # 1592, also reported by Tirmizi, Nasai, Ibn Majahix Al Bukhari #769 in Al Mukhtasar, Al tayalisi # 1513, Ahmad 6/32x Ibn Khuraimah and Baihaqi with saheeh isnadxi Bukhari, Sahih Abu Dawood # 1630xii Al Fakihi with hasan isnadxiii Hadith Hasan As Sahihah # 2478xiv Sahih Al Kalima At-Tayibaxv Source: http://www.slideshare.net/BulkSms1/hajj-part-1 xvi Al Irwaa # 1112xvii Al Shafiee, Ahmed and others, refer to explanation by Al Albani in Al Hajjul KabeerxviiiSahih by Tirmizi, Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn Hibban, Al Hakim and Al Dhahabixix Hasan by Tirmizi and Ibn Khuzaimahxx Hasan by Nasai and Tirmizixxi Abu Dawood and others, authenticated by many scholars. See Abu Dawood 1653xxii Abdur Razzaq # 8945, Ahmad and BaihaqixxiiiThis is narrated by two isnaads from Rasoolullah SAWS by which the hadith reaches the level of hasan and is increased

in strength by the fact that a group of the Sahaabah acted on it. From them Ibn Abbas RA, who said: This is the Multazam between the Corner and the Door. And it is authentically narrated from Urwah Ibn Al Zubair also see Saheehah # 2138.

xxivTirmizi and others, and the other narration is Tabraani's. And it is Sahih: see also Irwa #21xxv Bukhari and Muslim from Abu Hurairah and Tirmizi from Ali and Ibn Abbas, see Al Irwa # 1102xxviBukhari and Muslim from Aisha and Bukhari from Jabir, see Al Irwa # 191xxviiMalik, Bukhari, Muslim and the 4 Sunan from Abu JahaimxxviiiSahih Hadith, Al Irwa #1123 and Saheehah #883xxixSahih Hadith by Tayalisi and Saheehah #1056xxx Narrated by Al Diya in Mukhtarah and others, see Saheehah #1056xxxiAl Irwa #1072xxxiiReported by Nasai and others, see Al Hajj Al KabeerxxxiiiReported by Abu Naim in his Mustakhraj of Sahih Muslim

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How to Perform Umrah? - Quranic Resources

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