How to Make a Speech

7/28/2019 How to Make a Speech

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HOW TO MAKE A SPEECH


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INTRODUCTION TO SPEECH

2 MOST COMMON KINDS OF SPEECH:

1. INFORMATIVE SPEECH:- to provide or to inform

information.

- This information can be about anobject, a process, an event or a

concept.


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INTRODUCTION TO SPEECH

2. PERSUASIVE SPEECH: to persuadeothers to take some actions. The most

common types of persuasive speech are

problem-(cause)-solution speech, and thepersuasive speech in which the speaker

takes a position/side in an issue and

persuade others to agree with him/her

(persuasive speech - for short)


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HOW TO MAKE A SPEECH

10 STEPS TO MAKE A SPEECH:

1.Choosing and narrowing down a topic2. Developing your thesis statement3. Analyzing your audience4. Doing the research5. Deciding on an organizational pattern6. Developing main ideas7. Preparing an introduction and conclusion

8. Wording your speech9. Preparing notes and visual aids10. Delivery


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1.CHOOSING AND NARROWING DOWN A TOPIC

- Choose a topic that:

+ you are interested in or you want to knowmore about

+ you know a lot about

+ your audience are interested in

- Narrow down the topic:

+ consider the time of the speech to decide how

long the speech should be+ choose an aspect or a field of the topic that can

be developed within the alloted time of delivery.


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3. ANALYSING YOUR AUDIENCE

- Know about your audience: ethnicbackground, age range, family size, majors,

jobs, hobbies, likes and dislikes, beliefs,

involvement in extracurricular activities, their

attitudes and opinions about a particular issue,what they are intereted in talking about in a

speaking class, how much they know about

the topic, what they want to know etc.

- To be more confident in delivering a speech- To choose appropriate language and methods

to deliver the speech


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4. DOING RESEARCH

Information for the speech can be sought:- Use your own experience and

knowledge

- Do library research- Search on the Internet

- Interviews

Doing research helps you to have facts,

examples, illustrations for evidence, based

on this you can develop your arguments.


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5. DECIDING ON AN ORGANIATIONAL PATTERN

Some common patterns:Chronological: from time to time

Spatial: from place to place

Topical: from topic/subdivision

to topic/subdivision

Problem-(cause)-solution

Causeeffect


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6. DEVELOPING MAIN IDEAS

Based on the organizational pattern and

the information from the research, outline

your speech.- Determine the main points

- Develop the main points using

arguments, facts, examples,illustrations or evidence.


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7. PREPARING AN INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION

- Introduction:

Get the attention and interest your audienceWays to introduce a speech:

+ tell a story

+ share a personal experience

+ use humour+ use an appropriate quotation

+ refer to the audience or the occasion

+ ask a question

State your topic and purpose (thesisstatement)

Preview your speech (optional)

Give instructions about questions (optional)


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- ConclusionRecap

Stress / emphasize your central

idea in a memorable way

Invite questions (it depends)

7. PREPARING AN INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION


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8. WORDING YOUR SPEECH

- Use spoken, conversational language tobe understood.

- Use clear and straight-to-the-fact

language- Use appropriate, familiar and concrete

language

- Use transitional expressions and signals


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9. PREPARING NOTES AND VISUAL AIDS

Notes:Size: small enough

Letters: large enough

One-sided, limited,

arranged, numbered, held

and moved carefully.


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Visual aids: Any kinds:

- Charts, graph

- Large posters, ppt files to be used

with projector.- Draw on the chalkboard

Relevant

Large enough

Can be operated with equipmentNeat and attractive but not too

attractive

9. PREPARING NOTES AND VISUAL AIDS


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10. DELIVERY

2 components of a presentation:

-What to say (the content)- How to say (the delivery):

+ Physical elements: posture,

gestures, eye contact, voice control(volume, rate), and comprehensibility.

+ Speaking dynamics: vitality,

confidence, spontaneity, use of

humour, and interaction with the

audience.


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REDUCING NERVOUSNESS:

- Being REALLY well-prepared- Focus on THE MESSAGE YOU

WANT TO DELIVER, not on the

fact that you are speaking in front ofa large audience looking at you.

- Remember that your classmates

are likely to be SUPPORTIVE thancritical.

10. DELIVERY


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POSTURE:

10. DELIVERY


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VITALITY:

- A combination of liveliness and enthusiasm.

- Be interested in and enthusiastic about the topic.

- If not, your speech delivery will probably be

affected.

SPONTANEITY:

- Speaking in a natural manner rather than repeating

previously planned exact words => make up the

actual sentences as you speak.SENSE OF HUMOUR:

- Establish a bond between you and the audience.

- Try out your humourous remarks in your speech.

10. DELIVERY


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MOVEMENT:

-A few steps forward or to one side to

emphasize

- Not rock back and forth, shift from one foot to

the other, and wandering aimlessly=> distracting

10. DELIVERY


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FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AND GESTURES -

EYE CONTACT:

10. DELIVERY


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VOICE CONTROL:

-RATE: SpeedYou will be easy tounderstand.

- FLUENCY: Speaking smoothly with as few

hesitations as possible. => Use less fillers like

mm er ah OK you know ; Useproper pauses, phrase grouping, and emphasis.

-VOLUME: Loudness or Softness. => Adjust

your voice according to the situation.

- INTONATION: variations in pitch of wordsand syllables.

10. DELIVERY


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COMPREHENSIBILITY:

- How well your audience can understand what you

are saying.

- It depends on: your rate, fluency, volume,intonation; your pronunciation.

=> Check the pronunciation of any words that you are

not familiar with.

10. DELIVERY


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ASSIGNEMENT 1:

GATHERING AND REPORTING

INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR CLASSMATES

GATHERING INFORMATION-Work in your group

-Each group has to brainstorm a set questions

to ask your classmates in order to find out some

information about them, your future audience.

-Each member of the group is in charge of anumber of questions. He/She has to ask every

member of the class those questions, take

notes, and prepare a summary of the findings to

report later

How to Make a Speech

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