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In the Name of llah
n the Name of llah
The Beneficenthe Beneficent
The Mercifulhe Merciful
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How to BecomeHow to Become
an Effectivean EffectiveSpeaker andSpeaker and
WriterWriter
Group 10: Fatemeh AzmandianGroup 10: Fatemeh Azmandian
Narges SeifNarges Seif
Maryam DoostaniMaryam Doostani
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OutlineOutline Three basic rules for becoming
an effective speaker/writer
Attributes of an effective
speaker/writer IntegrityKnowledge
SkillSelf-ConfidenceEloquence
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OutlineOutline (continued)(continued) Factors affecting platform behavior
Preparation PoiseMental Attitude
Experience Physical ControlVerbal Delivery
General tips for effective speaking
General tips for effective writing
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Three Basic Rules forThree Basic Rules forBecoming an EffectiveBecoming an EffectiveSpeaker/WriterSpeaker/Writer
Always have something important
to say/write about. Care about what you are
talking/writing about.
Keep it simple, but effective.
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Attributes of an EffectiveSpeaker and Writer
Integrity The speaker/writer should be
honest and sincere.
Knowledge
The speaker/writer must havesufficient knowledge of the subjectthey will be presenting.
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Attributes of an EffectiveSpeaker and Writer (continued)(continued)
Skill
Skill is a developed talent or ability.
Skill is obtained through practice,practice, and more practice.
The more experience you havespeaking and writing, the moreskillful a speaker and writer you will
become.
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Attributes of an EffectiveSpeaker and Writer (continued)(continued)
Self-Confidence
A good speaker/writer should have a
firm beliefin their own abilities andtraits.
Eloquence
A good speaker/writer should have
powerful and effective language.
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Factors Affecting PlatformBehavior
Platform behavior is our physicalbehavior while on stage or speakingbefore a group.
Preparation Being prepared is the best thing
that you can do to easenervousness.
Poise Try to have composure.
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Factors Affecting PlatformBehavior (continued)(continued)
Mental Attitude
The way you feel can affect
how you do.
Experience The more you speak, the more
confident you will become.
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Factors Affecting PlatformBehavior (continued)(continued)
Physical Control Sixty-five percent of a
communicated message isnonverbal.
Focus on: Eye Contact
Body Actions
Gestures
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Factors Affecting PlatformBehavior (continued)(continued)
Verbal Delivery
Focus on:
Tone Pitch
Rate
Force
Articulation
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Physical ControlPhysical Control
Eye contact Make sure to look at everyone while
you are speaking.
Eye contact helps the audience tolisten more effectively.
It makes each member of theaudience feel special.
It helps you to read your listeners
nonverbal messages to you.
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Physical ControlPhysical Control(continued)(continued)
Body Actions They help to work off nervous
energy. They help to emphasize a point.
Have natural movement.
You can monitor the effectivenessof your message by watching the
body language of your audience.
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Physical ControlPhysical Control(continued)(continued)
Gestures
Facial expressions and hand gestures
add life to a presentation. Gestures let your audience know the
importance of the topic and how you
feel about it.
Try not to overdo the same gestures,
as this can be distracting.
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Verbal DeliveryVerbal Delivery
Tone
Tone is the quality and manner of
expression. It should be upbeat and friendly
and yet concerned.
Use a tone that exudes authority.
Vary the tone of your voice.
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Verbal DeliveryVerbal Delivery(continued)(continued)
Pitch
Pitch is the variety of high and low
sounds in your voice. Try to vary your pitch, depending
on what point you are trying tomake.
Try not to raise the pitch at the end
of sentences.
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Verbal DeliveryVerbal Delivery(continued)(continued)
Rate
Rate is the speed of what you say.
Try to talk about 100 words perminute.
Pause during main ideas to createtime for your listeners to processthe information and to organize
your thoughts.
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Verbal DeliveryVerbal Delivery(continued)(continued)
Force Force is the loudness or
softness of the words that yousay.
Speak to be heard, but not too
loudly. Adjust the level of your voice in
case of barriers (noises) and to
emphasize key concepts.
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Verbal DeliveryVerbal Delivery(continued)(continued)
Articulation
Articulation is the act of vocal
expression, utterance orenunciation.
Speak clearly and distinctively.
Pronounce words correctly.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveSpeakingSpeaking
Organize and outline your
presentation.Be completely prepared.
Know your topic well.
Dont worry about being perfect.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveSpeakingSpeaking (continued)(continued)
Practice makes perfect.
Check in early to get acquaintedwith the logistics of the room.
Repeat positive affirmations.
Visualize success.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveSpeakingSpeaking (continued)(continued)
Feel the floor.
Relax and loosen up.Breathe deeply.
Do not begin until you feelconfident.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveSpeakingSpeaking (continued)(continued)
Create a warm and friendly
environment by building rapportwith the audience.
Remember that the audience
wants you to succeed.
Turn nervousness into positive
energy.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveSpeakingSpeaking (continued)(continued)
Always stand with your bodyfacing the audience.
Act naturally and be yourself.Use excellent posture.
Focus on your message.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveSpeakingSpeaking (continued)(continued)
Get to your main points rightaway.
Be enthusiastic and speak withconviction.
Use pauses and silences topunctuate your material and
draw in your audience.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveSpeakingSpeaking (continued)(continued)
Vary your intensity and energylevel.
Use visual aids to liven yourpresentation.
End with a clear message.End on a positive note.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveSpeakingSpeaking (continued)(continued)
Anticipate questions andprepare answers.
Have fun and enjoy theexperience!
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The Three EThe Three Ess In order to become an
effective speaker, alwaysremember the three Es:
Energize
Entertain
Educate
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveWritingWriting
Practice writing a variety of forms.Spend a lot of time reading.
Take time out to rest and becomerefreshed.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveWritingWriting (continued)(continued)
Carefully research andstudy your subject
matter.Collect your material and
devise a good outline.Select a title that grabs
your reader's attention.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveWritingWriting (continued)(continued)
Ensure that your paper readsquickly and easily.
Examine your sentences andparagraphs carefully to ensure
that the words flow smoothly.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveWritingWriting (continued)(continued)
Ensure that your sentences arewell structured and that yourgrammar is correct.
Aim for clarity and simplicity in
your writing.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveWritingWriting (continued)(continued)
Always try to make yourmeaning clear.
Do not use double negatives.Do not use abbreviations.
Do not use slang andinformal language.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveWritingWriting (continued)(continued)
Progress logically, naturally andsmoothly from one main point toanother, so that they lead to a
conclusion.Have a strong summary to sum
up all the main points.
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General Tips for EffectiveGeneral Tips for EffectiveWritingWriting (continued)(continued)
After completion, re-read yourpaper a number of times.
Polish it up by changing wordsand expressions to help
simplify and clarify yourwriting.
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SummarySummary
In this presentation we havepointed out three basic rules thatmake an effective presenter. We
have also described the attributesof an effective presenter and factorsthat affect platform behavior.Finally, we have discussed a fewgeneral tips for effective speaking
and effective writing.
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ReferencesReferences Abrams, Rhonda. Powerful Presentations
(www.inc.com/articles/2001/05/22582.html)
Burton, Barbara. Becoming A Training Professional In YourOrganization(www.factiva.com/infopro/resources/SLATrainProf5-99.ppt)
Fripp, Patricia. Captivate Audiences with Powerful
Presentations (www.inc.com/articles/2000/08/19996.html) Fripp, Patricia. Deliver a Stellar Speech(www.inc.com/articles/2000/11/21094.html)
Kundell, Linda. How To Be a Confident Speaker: Ten Tips(www.atme.org/pubs/archives/77_255_1121.CFM)
Lock, Craig. How To Write a Good Article(www.ezinehub.com/articles/75.html)
Monaghan, Karen. Rules for Writing Good Journal Articles(smg.bps.org.uk/psychtalk/feb03/rules.htm)
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ReferencesReferences (continued)(continued) Peacock, Terry. Ten Tips To Becoming A Confident
Presenter
(www.onlinewbc.gov/docs/market/ConfidentPresenter.html) Platt, Jay. Speaking Tips
(www.vhl.org/newsletter/vhl2001/01anspkr.htm) Redmond, Jennifer A. No More Pre-Speech Jitters
(www.inc.com/articles/2001/07/23133.html) Schlumpf, Lynne. How to Become a Polished Public Speaker
in Just One Day (www.theallineed.com/ad-self-help-4/self-help-018.htm)
Good Writing (www.tdl.com/~schafer/goodwrite.htm)
summarized from Writing: Research, Theory, andApplications by Stephen D. Krashen, published by PergamonInstitute of English, New York. 1984
Speaking Essentials(cls.coe.utk.edu/pdf/ls/Week4_Lesson24.pdf)
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Questions?Questions?
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The EndThe End