How the internet_works

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS?

Master Minds

Aditya AchantaHarishLakshmiBhargaviPhanisreeShiva

Agenda

What is Internet?

Conclusion

How the Internet works ?

Client/Server Architecture and Examples

The Internet --- > Then and Now

Major Features of Internet

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Master Minds

What is Internet?

Conclusion

How the Internet works ?

Client/Server Architecture and Examples

The Internet --- > Then and Now

Major Features of Internet

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• Interweb is a mixture of Internet and World Wide Web typically used sarcastically to parody a technically unsavvy user.

• “Is a network of the interlinked computer networking worldwide, which is accessible to the general public. These interconnected computers work by transmitting data through a special type of packet switching which is known as the IP or the internet protocol.”

Internet in simple terms

What is Internet?

Conclusion

How the Internet works ?

Client/Server Architecture and Examples

The Internet --- > Then and Now

Deciphering Alphabet Soup

Major Features of Internet

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• The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.

• The public was first introduced to the concepts that would lead to the Internet when a message was sent over the ARPANet from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

• In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, and consequently, the concept of a world-wide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was introduced.

History of Internet

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NETWORKS THAT LED TO INTERNET

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• ON JANUARY 1, 1983, KNOWN AS FLAG DAY, TCP/IP PROTOCOLS BECAME THE ONLY APPROVED PROTOCOL ON THE ARPANET, REPLACING THE EARLIER PROTOCOLS.

creating the internet

Master Minds

What is Internet?

Conclusion

How the Internet works ?

Client/Server Architecture and Examples

The Internet --- > Then and Now

Deciphering Alphabet Soup

Major Features of Internet

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TERMS RELATED TO INTERNET

• Domains and Sub domains

• TCP/IP

• Addressing schemes

• Routing traffic across the Internet

How the Internet works ?

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• Most Internet hosts or servers have a Domain Name System (DNS) address, which uses words.

• A domain name identifies the type of institution that owns the computer. An Internet server owned by IBM might have the domain name ibm.com.

• Some enterprises have multiple servers, and identify them with sub domains, such as ibm.com/products

Domains and Sub domains

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• Every computer and network on the Internet uses the same protocols (rules and procedures) to control timing and data format.

• The protocol used by the Internet is the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP.

How the Internet Works – TCP/IP

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Internet Service Provider

If you connect to the Internet through an Internet Service Provider (ISP), you are usually assigned a temporary IP address for the duration of your dial-in session. If you connect to the Internet from a local area network (LAN) your computer might have a permanent IP address or it might obtain a temporary one from a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server. In any case, if you are connected to the Internet, your computer has a unique IP address.

Master Minds

•Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric identifier, called an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

•Each IP address has four parts – each part a number Internet addresses are in the form nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn where nnn must be a number from 0 - 255. This address is known as an IP address. (IP stands for Internet Protocol). An IP address might look like this: 205.46.117.104.

ADDREDSSING SCHEMES

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• Most computers don't connect directly to the Internet. Instead, they connect to a smaller network that is connected to the Internet backbone.

• The Internet includes thousands of host computers (servers), which provide data and services as requested by client systems.

• When you use the Internet, your PC (a client) requests data from a host system. The request and data are broken into packets and travel across multiple networks before being reassembled at their destination.

Routing Traffic across the Internet

Master Minds

Protocol Layer Comments

Application Protocols Layer Protocols specific to applications such as WWW, e-mail, FTP, etc.

Transmission Control Protocol Layer

TCP directs packets to a specific application on a computer using a port number.

Internet Protocol Layer

IP directs packets to a specific computer using an IP address.

Hardware Layer Converts binary packet data to network signals and back.(E.g. Ethernet network card, modem for phone lines, etc.)

What is Internet?

Conclusion

How the Internet works ?

Client/Server Architecture and Examples

The Internet --- > Then and Now

Major Features of Internet

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• One server computer usually run several server programs, each of which can service multiple client programs simultaneously.Server program: program without a user interface running on a

“large” computer with access to many resources (also called the server computer)

Client program: a program with extensive interface capabilities but few resources running on a “small” computer (also called the client computer)

Client Server Architecture

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We want to view the main web page from www.shu.edu

Server computer: www.shu.eduClient computer: 192.168.1.2

Server program: web server program (httpd) running on www.shu.edu with access to lots of stored web pages

Client program: Internet Explorer or Firefox with extensive formatting and display capabilities but no data to display

Client Server Example (1)

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• Packets of information flow between machines governed by common rules (protocols) namely INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) AND TRANSPORT CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP).

• Internet is a packet-switching network– Messages are decomposed into packets, containing part of the

message, plus information on the sending and receiving machines and how the packet relates to the other packets

– Packets travel independently and possibly on different routes through the Internet

– Packets are reassembled into the message at the receiving machine

The Operation of the Internet

Master Minds

What is Internet?

Conclusion

How the Internet works ?

Client/Server Architecture and Examples

The Internet --- > Then and Now

Deciphering Alphabet Soup

Major Features of Internet

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• The World Wide Web (www)• E-mail• News• File Transfer Protocol• Internet Relay Chat

Major Features of the Internet

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• The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet, which supports hypertext documents, allowing users to view and navigate different types of data.

• A Web page is a document encoded with hypertext markup language (HTML) tags.

• HTML allows designers to link content together via hyperlinks. • Every Web page has an address, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

WWW- WORLD WIDE WEB

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This address is for anInternet server that usesThe hypertext transfer protocol.

This address is for anInternet server that usesThe hypertext transfer protocol.

This site belongs to acompany named Glencoe.

This site belongs to acompany named Glencoe.

This site is on the partof the Internet knownas the World Wide Web.

This site is on the partof the Internet knownas the World Wide Web.

To find the specific Web pagesthat accompany this book, yourbrowser follows the URL’s pathto a folder named “norton,” thento a subfolder named “online.”

To find the specific Web pagesthat accompany this book, yourbrowser follows the URL’s pathto a folder named “norton,” thento a subfolder named “online.”

Master Minds

• Internet has become the most common media of interacting with the rest of the world.

• The Internet has positively changed the face of modern day communication and commerce.

• Nowadays people of the world use the internet broadly. Invention of the internet has had many different effects in many various aspects of the human life.

INTENET IS AN INSTRUMENT

Conclusion

STATISTICS OF THE USAGE OF INTERNET

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Thank you

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