How The Automotive Project Helped Black Automotive Suppliers

7/31/2019 How The Automotive Project Helped Black Automotive Suppliers

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Lli|zl Y|eedr{

4

Ykx|dg`=D ig`zlrflìl gj ikri|eyxdìly olxvll` ?>>2 d`h ?>4> `ldrc{ lckek`dxlh

egyx ocdia%gv`lh d|xgegzl y|~~cklry. _kyk`f fdy ~rkily# xbl igccd~yl gj xbl \.Y.

bg|yk`f edralx# |`yir|~|cg|y ~rdiily o{ ~rkzdxl `dìkdc k`yx|g`y# xbl jdkc|rl gj

egrxfdfl%odialh yli|rkly# deg`f gxblr kyy|ly# blc~lh ig`xrko|xl xg d` lig`geki

l`zkrgèl x xbdx ~cdilh ig|`xclyy ocdia%gv`lh d|xgegzl y|~~cklry g` xbl orkà gj

lìg`. Xbrg|fb g jd|cx gj xblkr gv`# xblyl ocdia%gv`lh y|~~cklrycg`f%yxd`hk`f#

y|iilyyj|c ~drx`lry gj d|xgegzl ed`|jdix|rk`f ige~d`klyjg|`h xbleylczly yvkrck`f

dekh d `dìkdc l`zkrgèl`x xbdx id|fbx lzlr{ jdilx gj Delrkid` id~kxdckye k` kxy

hrdf`lx. Ed`{ gj xblyl y|~~cklry# ygel vkxb dy ed`{ dy 8>> le~cg{lly# lìg|`xlrlh

|ìlrxdk`x{ d`h bdrh ely h|rk`f xbky ~lrkgh xg xbl lxl`x xbdx xblkr zlr{ y|rzkzdc vdy g`

xbl ck`l lzlr{ hd{.

^rgocle=Xbl rlilhk`f gj d`{ ocdia%gv`lh d|xgegzl y|~~cklr vg|ch {klch hlzdyxd`f

ig`ylt|lìly. Ocdia%gv`lh d|xgegzl y|~~cklry# h|oolh Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry o{ _lz. Mlyyl

Mdiayg` Yr.# bdzl ~rgzl` xg ol xbl olyx d`h orkfbxlyx dx vbdx xbl{ hg. O|x vbkcl xbl{ drl

g` ~dr vkxb gxblr y|~~cklry k` xlrey gj ~rgh|ix t|dckx{# l`fk`llrk f# ~rkil# i|yxgelr

ylrzkil# deg`f gxblr drldy# xbl ocdia%gv`lh d|xgegzl y|~~cklry k` lkyxlìl xghd{ drl

lyyl`dcc{ ryx%fl`lrdg` l`ly. Xblrl drl jlv# kj d`{# yedcc# ocdia%gv`lh

d|xgegzl y|~~cklry g` xbl bgrk}g` xbdx drl frgvk`f d`h ~rl~drk`f xg y|iillh xghd{y

o|yk`lyyly. Ig`ylt|l`xc{# kx ky ke~lrdzl xg edk`xdk` xbl zkdocl d`h xbrkzk`f

ocdia%gv`lh o|yk`lyyly k` g~lrdg` xghd{ xbdx dkh d|xgegzl ed`|jdix|rlry k`

hlckzlrk`f t|dckx{ ~rgh|ixy.

Ygc|g`= Xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix yxl~~lh k` h|rk`f xbl ocldalyx ~drx gj xbl rlilyykg` xgdix dy xbl ig`h|kx olxvll` y|~~cklry d`h d|xgegzl ed`|jdix|rlry. Vkxb xbl lig`ge{

k` x|regkc d`h xbl d|xgegzl k`h|yxr{ y|lrk`f d` |`~rlilhl xlh gylhkzl k` ydcly dy d

rly|cx# idr ige~d`kly fbxl`lh xblkr olcxy d`h cggalh xg i|x igyxy dirgyy xbl ogdrh|~ xg

d`h kìc|hk`f ylzlrk`f ly vkxb ocdia%gv`lh d|xgegzl y|~~cklry. Xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix

xlde egokck}lh d`h clzlrdflh kxy lky`f rlcdg`ybk~y vkxb xg~%clzlc lli|zly dx Fl`lrdc

Egxgry k` d` lgrx xg yxle xbl hl gj xbl lig`geki idcdekx{ rlcdzl xg xbl Clfdi{

Y|~~cklry. Xbgyl y|~~cklry k` lxrlel ~lrkc bdh xbl g~~grx|`kx{# diige~d`klh o{ _lz.

Mdiayg`# xg y~lda hkrlixc{ xg hlikykg`%edalry dx xbl ed`|jdix|rlry. Xblyl ig`zlrydg`y

vlrl xbl ke~lx|y olbk`h ig|`xclyy y|~~cklry y|rzkzk`f xbl egyx yidcc{ ibdccl`fk`f

l~lrklìl xbl{ bdh lzlr jdilh.

_ly|cx=K`xlrzl`g` jrge xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix blc~lh ocdia y|~~cklry yxd{ k` o|yk`lyy._lz. Mdiayg` bdy jgr ed`{ {ldry vgralh bd`h k` bd`h vkxb xbl d|xgegzl ige~d`kly.

_dkògv^\YB lzl` bdh d Elegrd`h|e gj \`hlryxd`hk`f k` ~cdil vkxb Jgrh Egxgr

Ige~d`{ xg l`y|rl xbl d|xg ige~d`{ rledk`lh zkfkcd`x k` xrld`f xbl Djrkid` Delrkid`

igee|`kx{ jdkr d`h lt|kxdoc{. _lz. Mdiayg` elx vkxb d|xgegzl lli|zly d`h

hkyi|yylh g` olbdcj gj xbl d|xgegzl y|~~cklry xbl ~ckfbx xbdx xbl{ jdilh. Bky k`|lìl

d`h lky`f rlcdg`ybk~y vkxb hlikykg`%edalry ~rgzlh k`zdc|docl# dy ed`{ ocdia%gv`lh

d|xgegzl y|~~cklry dzlrxlh hkydyxlr d`h bdzl ykìl oligel ~rgxdocl gìl dfdk`.

... kx ky ke~lrdzl xg

edk`xdk` xbl zkdocl d`h

xbrkzk`f ocdia%gv`lh

o|yk`lyyly k` g~lrdg` xghd{

xbdx dkh d|xgegzl

ed`|jdix|rlry k` hlckzlrk`f

t|dckx{ ~rgh|ixy.


3/15

K`xrgh|ig`

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G`l ig|ch gx lyid~l xbl k`|`hdg` gj `lvy igzlrdfl jrge ?>>2%?>4> ibrg`kick`f xbl

rlilyykg` xbdx frk~~lh xbl ig| xr{d`h k`hllh# ed`{ ~drxy gj xbl vgrch. K`jgredg`

dog|x xbl rlilyykg` vdy ~cdyxlrlh dcc gzlr xlclzkykg`# rdhkg# lvy~d~lr d`h k`xlr`lx g|xclxy#

dy l~lrxy od`xlrlh odia d`h jgrxb dog|x kxy id|yly# kxy llixy d`h kxy ~gyykocl h|rdg`.

Jlv ~lg~cl vlrl kee|`l xg xbl rlilyykg`y frdy~.

Xbl Frldx _lilyykg`# dy kx bdy oll` igk`lh# vdy xbl vgryx ~gyx%Vgrch Vdr KK lig`geki

ig`xrdig` g` rligrh. Delrkid`y jrge igdyx xg igdyx jlcx kxy vrdxb1 mgoy vlrl ycdyblh dx d`

dcdrek`f ick~. Xbl `dg`dc |`le~cg{el`x rdxl vdy zl ~lril`x k` Hlileolr# ?>>6# vbkib

lig`gekyxy yd{ edralh xbl yxdrx gj xbl rlilyykg`. Jrge Md`|dr{# ?>>2 xg

Hlileolr# ?>4># |`le~cg{el`x bgzlrlh olxvll` zl d`h ;.8 ~lril`x# rldibk`f d bkfb gj

4>.4 ~lril`x k` Gixgolr# ?>>;. ^lrbd~y `g gxblr k`h|yxr{ vdy bkx bdrhlr xbd` xbld|xgegzl ylixgr. Xblrl vlrl 6>9#;>> ~lg~cl le~cg{lh k` xbl \.Y. egxgr zlbkicly d`h

~drxy ed`|jdix|rk`f k`h|yxrkly k` ?>>2# o|x xbdx |eolr vdy xrkeelh o{ dog|x 4:

~lril`x h|rk`f xbl rlilyykg`gr rg|fbc{ 44:#> mgoy. Dy d vbgcl# xbl d|xg k`h|yxr{

diig|`xlh jgr dog|x 49 ~lril`x gj \.Y. ed`|jdix|rk`f mgoy. Olxvll` d|xgvgralry#

y|~~cklry d`h le~cg{lly gj zdrkg|y o|yk`lyyly xbdx drl hl~l`hl`x g` xbl k`h|yxr{# xblrl

vlrl d ckcl clyy xbd` xbrll ekcckg` ~lg~cl vbg rlcklh g` xbl y|iilyy gj xbl d|xg k`h|yxr{.

Xbl ckzlckbggh gj dcc xbrll ekcckg` gr yg ~lg~cl b|`f k` xbl odcdìl h|rk`f xbl rlilyykg`.

Xblrl vlrl 46.2 ekcckg` zlbkicly ygch hgelyidcc{ k` ?>>>xbl egyx k` bkyxgr{. O{ ?>>;#

h|rk`f xbl hl~xby gj xbl rlilyykg`# ydcly hk~~lh o{ 8> ~lril`x xg 4>.: ekcckg`xbl

jlvlyx ykìl 4;2?. Xbky gozkg|y rlh|ig` k` rlzl`|l xrkfflrlh xbl `llh jgr d|xgedalry xg

rlh|il igyxy. Xbl{ cdkh g vgralry# glrlh o|{g|x ~diadfly# icgylh ~cd`xyxbl{ hkhlzlr{xbk`f xbl{ ig|ch xg rlh|il xblkr orlda%lzl` edra. O|x xbl d|xgedalry jg|`h kx

hki|cx xg ycdyb igyxy dx xbl ydel ~dil xbl{ cgyx rlzl`|l. D cdrfl ~lril`xdfl gj xblkr

l~l`ylyclfdi{ igyxy# ~rg~lrx{ xdly# k`xlrlyx igyxydrl lh d`h k`hl~l`hl`x gj

|ix|dg`y k` xbl lig`ge{# vbkib ige~ckidxlh edlry lzl` egrl. ^drx gj xbl

d|xgedalry l~l`hkx|rl%i|`f ~rgilyy dcyg k`zgczlh yxrldeck`k`f xblkr y|~~cklr odyl.

Ykìl zlbkicl ydcly ~c|eelxlh 8> ~lril`x# d|xgedalry g cg`flr `llhlh xbl zgc|el gj

edxlrkdc ~rgzkhlh o{ y|~~cklry. Jlvlr zlbkicly ygch eld`x jlvlr zlbkicly ~rgh|ilh1 jlvlr

zlbkicly ~rgh|ilh eld`x clyy rlckdìl g` ocdia%gv`lh d|xg y|~~cklry.

Ig`ylt|l`xc{# egyx ocdia%gv`lh d|xgegzl y|~~cklry olfd` jllck`f xbl ~kìb. G`l

y|~~cklry o|yk`lyy ~c|eelxlh dy e|ib dy 2> ~lril`x. @gx g`c{ vlrl xblyl y|~~cklry id|fbx

k` xbl fbx yt|ll}l gj idr ige~d`kly ycdybk`f igyxy# o|x egyx y|~~cklry dcyg yxdrxlhl~lrklìk`f hki|cly vkxb xblkr `dìkdc k`yx|g`y. Cggalh dx dy dx rkya o{ xblkr odày

olid|yl gj xbl hrg~ k` o|yk`lyy# egyx y|~~cklry l~lrklìlh d irk~~ck`f idyb gv

hkcleed d`h rlh|ilh dzdkcdokckx{ xg irlhkx dy d rly|cx. ^d{rgcc d`h okcc ~d{el xy vlrl

mlg~drhk}lh# d`h xblkr dokckx{ xg edk`xdk` d zkdocl d`h ~rgxdocl o|yk`lyy vdy k` t|lyg` g`

d hdkc{ odyky.

Yg|ril= \.Y. Hl~drxel`x gj Cdogr1 vvv.hgc.fgz.

Yg|ril= Mlrr{ E. _gylòlrf1 Xbl Igìkyl Lì{icg~lhkd Gj Xbl Frldx _lilyykg` ?>>6%?>4>1 ~f. ?>.

Yg|ril= kokh1 ~f. ?4.

Yg|ril= b~=''vdrhyd|xg.ige'al{hdxd'bkyxgrkidc'\ydYd>4y|eedr{'

Xblrl vlrl 46.2 ekcckg`

zlbkicly ygch hgelyidcc{ k`

?>>>xbl egyx k` bkyxgr{. O{

?>>;# h|rk`f xbl hl~xby gj xbl

rlilyykg`# ydcly hk~~lh o{ 8>~lril`x xg 4>.: ekcckg`xbl

jlvlyx ykìl 4;2?.

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4/15

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Cl`hk`f Y|~~grx= Vdrhk`f G D _lx|r` Xg _lig`yxr|ig`

Xbl D|xgegzl rgmlix olfd` k` 4;;2 dy d zlbkicl xg blc~ ~rgegxl lt|dc g~~grx|`kly k`

xbl edralx~cdil jgr ~lg~cl gj igcgr# dy vlcc dy ~rgzkhl xble vkxb frldxlr diilyy xg id~kxdc

d`h xlib`gcgf{. Xblyl jg|`hk`f ~rkìk~cly bdzl rledk`lh k` xbl jgrljrg`x gj xbl

grfd`k}dg` vbkcl dcyg ylrzk`f dy xbl idxdc{yx olbk`h vb{ _lz. Mdiayg` k`xlrzl`lh h|rk`f xbl

lig`geki igccd~yl k` d` dle~x xg blc~ rlzkxdck}l ocdia%gv`lh o|yk`lyyly. Y|~~cklry jg|`h

kx kìrldyk`fc{ hki|cx fl`f lzl` d eghki|e gj igeekxel`x d`h cg{dcx{ jrge d|xgedalry

h|rk`f xbl rlilyykg`# hly~kxl bdzk`f k` ygel idyly d xvg%hlidhl%cg f vgrak`f rlcdg`ybk~

vkxb xble. D`h lzl` xbg|fb ygel y|~~cklry vlrl drelh vkxb khldy xg blc~ ydzl xbl

d|xgedalry eg`l{ h|rk`f d el vbl` xbl{ vlrl blegrrbdfk`f idyb# xbl{ vlrl gx

frd`xlh d` d|hklìl vkxb hlikykg`%edalry. Jr|yxrdxlh# yigrly gj ocdia%gv`lh

d|xgegzl y|~~cklry yg|fbx _lz. Mdiayg`y dyykyxdìl gìl xbl{ hlxlrek`lh xblkr lgrxy

dcg`l vg|ch gx ol l`g|fb xg ydczdfl xblkr dkck`f l`xlr~rkyly.

J|rxblr kìrldyk`f xbl krl gj xbl Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry ky g`l gj xble rlilkzlh d hkel gj xbl

rl~grxlh (< okcckg` xbl jlhlrdc fgzlrèl`x ~rgzkhlh xg dkh yxr|ffck`f d|xgegzl

y|~~cklry. Xbl Vbkxl Bg|yl d|xg k`h|yxr{ xdya jgril igìc|hlh xbdx vkxbg|x xbl odkcg|x#

jdkc|rl gj xbl y|~~cklr odyl vg|ch bdzl oll` keek`l`x d`h j|rxblr ydà d|xgedalry k`xg

`dìkdc hkrl yxrdkxy. Olid|yl d|xgedalry |y|dcc{ ybdrl xbl ydel y|~~cklry# xbl

rly|c`f hkyr|~g` k` ~rgh|ig` id|ylh o{ d jdhk`f y|~~cklr odyl vg|ch bdzl g`c{

l~lhkxlh xbl k h|yxr{y hlekyl. Lzl` vkxb xbl dia`gvclhflh ke~grxdìl gj d|xgegzl

y|~~cklry# Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry vlrl cl xg jl`h jgr xbleylczly k` d` l`zkrgèl`x xbdx yllelh

xg rllix d ~dyy dx|hl dog|x xblkr y|rzkzdc.

_lz. Mdiayg` grfd`k}lh d ylrkly gj ell`fy vkxb _kia Vdfg`lr# jgrelr ibdkred` d`h ILG gjFl`lrdc Egxgry# d`h Og D`hlryyg`# jgrelr fcgodc zkil ~rlykhl`x gj ~|ribdyk`f jgr

Fl`lrdc Egxgry. FE vdy ibgyl` olid|yl ~rdiidcc{ dcc Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry bdh ig`xrdixy vkxb

xbl d|xgedalr. _lz. Mdiayg` d~~ldclh xg xbl cldhlrybk~ gj FE jrge xvg ~lry~lizly= ryx#

xbl Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry bdh hleg`yxrdxlh xbl dokckx{ xg hlckzlr t|dckx{ ~rgh|ixy d`h ylrzkily

gzlr d cg`f ~lrkgh gj el1 ylig`hc{# xblrl vlrl `g o|rflg`k`f ocdia%gv`lh y|~~cklry

vdk`f k` xbl vk`fy xg ig``|l xbl xrdhkg`# edak`f xbl ~rlylrzdg` gj xbl lky`f Clfdi{

Y|~~cklry xbdx e|ib egrl ke~grxd`x.

Yg|ril= Ocggeolrf O|yk`lyyVlla= b~=''vvv.o|yk`lyyvlla.ige'ckjlyx{cl'ig`xl`x'edr?>>;'ov?>>;>94;W;:>?4;.bxe

Yg|ril= Kokh

~lril`x gj kxy

vgrajgril. Xbgyl vgralry xbdx rledk`lh vlrl jgrilh xg xdal d y|oyxd`dc ~d{ i|x.

D`kg|y egel`xy l`y|lh dy ige~d`{ cldhlrybk~ odclh d`h jg|fbx ldib hd{ xg all~xbl o|yk`lyy fgk`f. Ckxlrdcc{ g` xbl orkà gj icgyk`f kxy hggry xbdày xg d ybrkàk`f

rlzl`|l yxrlde d`h `g `dìkdc k`yx|g` xbdx olcklzlh k` xbl ige~d`{# Zkxli vdy

y~drlh d` |`jgrx|`dxl jdxl vbl` xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix xlde yxl~~lh k`.

_lz. Mdiayg`y ell`fy vkxb FE cldhlrybk~ blc~lh jgrfl d ~cd` fldrlh y~likidcc{ jgr

Zkxli xbdx l`doclh xbl ige~d`{ xg yxd{ k` o|yk`lyy. Vkxb xbl ke~clel`xdg`y dfrllh xg

o{ ogxb ykhly# Zkxli# d cld`lr zlrykg` gj kxy ~rl%rlilyykg` ylcj# olidel d ~rgxdocl

zl`x|rl dfdk` rg|fbc{ 42 eg`xby dlr _lz. Mdiayg`y k`zgczlel`xlzl` xbg|fb

rlzl`|l rledk`lh dx bdcj gj vbdx kx vdy.

Kj ygelg`l bdh xgch el xbdx e{ ige~d`{y rlzl`|l vg|ch ckxlrdcc{ ol i|x k` bdcj d`h

Kh ycc ol ~rgxdocl# Kh bdzl ydkh kx vdy ke~gyykocl# Hr. ^kiadrh ydkh. Vbkcl hki|cx d`h

~dk`j|c xg hg# bl ydkh xbl al{ xg olk`f ~rgxdocl ky olk`f hkckfl`x k` ~drk`f hgv`l~l`ylyygelxbk`f d|xgedalry bdzl hg`l xg rlfdk` xblkr ~rgxdokckx{. Ylzlrdc {ldry

dfg# 46 ekcckg` zlbkicly vlrl ygch k` Delrkid. Xghd{# dog|x 44 ekcckg` drl ygch# o|x xbl

idr ige~d`kly drl edak`f eg`l{ dfdk`. Bgvh xbl{ hg xbdx7 Xbl{ xgga g|x bldh ig|`x.

Xbl{ icgylh ~cd`xy. Xbl{ ig`ygckhdxlh g~lrdg`y. Xbl{ vlrl dl`zl xg vbdx xbl{ bdh

xg hg xg flx xblkr igyxy hgv`. D`h xbdxy vbdx K hkh. Dy e|ib dy K bdxlh xg hg kx# K bdh xg

hg vbdx K bdh xg hg xg y|rzkzl. O|x kj _lz. Mdiayg` bdh`x igel dcg`f vbl` bl hkh# Kh

bdzl `lzlr bdh xbl ibdìl xg hg kx olid|yl "e{ ige~d`{+ vg|chzl oll` fg`l.


7/15

Idyl Yx|h{= EIC MDYIG# Hlxrgkx# Ekibkfd`

:

/K ckal vblrl vl drl# o|x vl

vg|ch`x ol blrl vkxbg|x xbl

blc~ gj _dkògv ^\YB d`h

_lz. Mdiayg`.

EIC MDYIG ige~d`kly drl zlridcc{ k`xlfrdxlh xg ~rgzkhl d j|cc rd`fl gj y|~~c{ ibdk`

ed`dflel`x ylrzkily. Jg|`hlh k` Hlxrgkx o{ Cg|ky Mdely# EIC MDYIG ige~d`kly

MDXHIG# Egxgr Ikx{ K`xlr`dg`dc# MdeIde# MDYIG K`xlr`dg`dc~rgzkhl d ige~clxl

rd`fl gj y|~~c{ ibdk` ed`dflel`x ygc|g`y# yxllc ~rgilyyk`f ylrzkily d`h E_G

ylrzkily xbdx blc~ kxy i|yxgelry vgrchvkhl ke~rgzl xblkr o|yk`lyy ~lrjgredìl.

Oljgrl xbl lig`geki igccd~yl# EIC MDYIG vdy `gx l~lrklìk`f e|ib frgvxb# o|x

o|yk`lyy vdy yxdocl. H|rk`f xbl blkfbx gj xbl hgv`x|r`# bgvlzlr# xbl ige~d`{ cgyx dy

e|ib dy 6< ~lril`x gj kxy Fl`lrdc Egxgry o|yk`lyy. Xbl hrg~ k` gzlrdcc rlzl`|l irldxlh

ibdccl`fk`f ely vkxbk` xbl ige~d`{. Eld`vbkcl# _lz. Mdiayg` elx vkxb g`%GLEy g`

EIC MDYIGy olbdcj# ybdrk`f vkxb xble xbl l~lrklìl# l~lryl d`h id~dokckly xbdx

Cg|ky Mdely ige~d`kly ~gyylyylh. Xblyl lgrxy blc~lh yli|rl o|yk`lyy g|xykhl xbl

d|xgegzl ylixgr# dy HXL L`lrf{ vdy dhhlh xg xbl ige~d`{y ~grgckg d`h |cedxlc{

olidel EIC MDYIGy okfflyx i|yxgelr.

Gzlrdcc# xbl ige~d`{y rlzl`|l ky dog|x bdcj gj vbdx kx vdy ~rl%rlilyykg`# o|x kx ky ycc

~rgxdocl. Hly~kxl bky ige~d`kly rlx|r` xg ~rgxdokckx{# Mdely zklvy bky d~~rgdib dy

olk`f k` y|rzkzdc eghl. Xbl xrg|ocly vl bdh oljgrl vg`x bd~~l` dfdk`# bl k`ykyxy.

Vlzl dhm|yxlh xg vblrl vl drl d`h vlzl hkzlryklh xbl `g`%d|xgegzl ykhl gj g|r

o|yk`lyy. K ckal vblrl vl drl# o|x vl vg|ch`x ol blrl vkxbg|x xbl blc~ gj _dkògv

^\YB d`h _lz. Mdiayg`.


8/15

Idyl Yx|h{= _kiaed` L`xlr~rkyl Frg|~ K`xlr`dg`dc CCI#

Hlxrgkx# Ekibkfd`

6

_gh _kiaed` yxdrxlh _kiaed` L`xlr~rkyl Frg|~ K`xlr`dg`dc CCI k` 4;26 dy d jdikcklyed`dflel`x ige~d`{. _kiaed` L`xlr~rkyl vdy g` yxldh{ frg|`h oljgrl xbl lig`geki

xrg|ocly# ~rgzkhk`f d yxdocl vgracgdh jgr kxy le~cg{lly vbkcl edk`xdk`k`f ygckh

rlcdg`ybk~y vkxb i|rrl`x i|yxgelry. Xbl ige~d`{ ylrzly dy d lr 4 y|~~cklr xg Jgrh

Egxgr Ige~d`{# Ibr{yclr d`h Fl`lrdc Egxgry. Gìl xbl hgelyi d|xg k`h|yxr{

~c|eelxlh# bgvlzlr# yg xgg hkh d|xgedalry rlckdìl g` _kiaed` L`xlr~rkyly l~lryl

Xbl ige~d`{ |cedxlc{ cgyx olxvll` 6< d`h 2> ~lril`x gj kxy o|yk`lyy. _llck`f d`h g`

xbl orkà gj icgyk`f kxy hggry d`h ~gxl`dcc{ ~|`f 42> ~lg~cl g|x gj vgra# _kiaed`

L`xlr~rkyl ol`lxlh jrge _lz. Mdiayg`y ig`zlrydg`y vkxb GLEyig`zlrydg`y xbdx

il`xlrlh g` rlek`hk`f ed`|jdix|rlry gj xbl ybllr a`gv%bgv d`h cg`f%yxd`hk`f y|iilyy

gj _gh _kiaed`y grfd`k}dg`.

@gx g`c{ hkh _kiaed` L`xlr~rkyl l~lrklìl d hlzdyxd`f hlick`l k` o|yk`lyy xg xbl x|`l

gj 2> ~lril`x# o|x dhhk`f k`y|cx xg k`m|r{# xbl ige~d`{ rd` bldhcg`f k`xg ibdccl`fly `gx

gj xblkr gv` hgk`f. Bdzk`f xbl irlhkx rd`f gj {g|r oc|l rkoog` i|yxgelry hrg~# xbl`

bdzk`f {g|r `dìkdc k`yx|g` odia g|x gj lxl`hk`f ck`ly gj irlhkx g` .G.y xbdx {g|

bdzl vkxb xbgyl i|yxgelry ky l`g|fb xg all~ {g| |~ dx `kfbx# _kiaed` yd{y.

Elxbghkidcc{# xbl ige~d`{ bdy rlfdk`lh ~rgxdokckx{ xg xbl lxl`x xbdx xbl j|x|rl gìl

dfdk` cggay orkfbx. _lz. Mdiayg`y k`zgczlel`x al~x xbl ck`ly gj igee|`kidg` g~l`

vkxb al{ hlikykg`%edalry k` xbl d|xg ige~d`klyygelxbk`f xbdx ig|ch `gx bdzl oll`

hg`l gxblrvkyl. Kxy xdal` |y dog|x 4? xg 42 eg`xby xg rkfbx%yk}l xbl ige~d`{ xg vblrl

xbk`fy drl yxdocl dfdk`# _kiaed` yd{y. Bl ky d~~rlikdzl gj _lz. Mdiayg`y blc~# o|x

_kiaed`y dke ky xg ybklch bky grfd`k}dg` jrge lzlr fgk`f xbrg|fb dfdk` vbdx bl vl`xxbrg|fb. K vg|ch xlcc xbl `lx fl`lrdg` gj l`xrl~rl`l|ry xg hkzlrykj{ xblkr i|yxgelr

odyl. Hg`x bdzl dcc {g|r lffy k` g`l odyalx. Cgga xg hkzlrykj{ {g|r o|yk`lyy vkxb

i|yxgelry k` xbrll xg zl hklrl`x k`h|yxrkly.

K vg|ch xlcc xbl `lxfl`lrdg` gj l`xrl~rl`l|ry

xg hkzlrykj{ xblkr i|yxgelr

odyl. Hg`x bdzl dcc {g|r

lffy k` g`l odyalx.


9/15

Idyl Yx|h{= L`fk`llrlh ^cdyi ^rgh|ixy# Kì. d`h

^lrjgredìl Ed`|jdix|rk`f Frg|~ CCI# [~ykcd`# Ekibkfd`

2

Flrdch Lhvdrhy# ~rlykhl`x d`h ILG gj L`fk`llrlh ^cdyi ^rgh|ixy# Kì. "L^^+# frlv xblige~d`{ k`xg g`l gj xbl cdrflyx ocdia%gv`lh ~cdyi ige~g`l`x ige~d`kly k` xbl vgrch

vkxb rlzl`|ly d~~rgdibk`f (2> ekcckg`. Xbl ige~d`{ y~likdck}lh k` xbl hlykf` d`h

ed`|jdix|rk`f gj ~cdyi d`h k`mlig`%egchlh k`xlrkgr xrke ige~g`l`xy d`h fdr`lrlh

ig|`xclyy dvdrhy d`h diigcdhly k` xbl ~rgilyy# kìc|hk`f vk``k`f Fl`lrdc Egxgry

Y|~~cklr gj xbl [ldr Dvdrh zl ig`yli|zl {ldry "4;;;%?>>9+ k` kxy hkzkykg`. O|yk`lyy

ycgvc{ olfd` xg y|lr# bgvlzlr# vbl` xbl ige~d`{y ~rkik`f yxr|ix|rl ibd`flh.

^cdyi ky d o{%~rgh|ix gj xbl ~lxrgcl|e k`h|yxr{# Lhvdrhy yd{y# d`h g|r igyxy yxdrxlh

xg kìrldyl vbl` B|rrkid`l Adxrk`d hkyr|~xlh xbl gkc k`h|yxr{ k` xbl F|cj gj Elkig. Vl

vlrl`x docl xg y|yxdk` o|yk`lyy vkxb xbdx kìrldyl.

Xbk`fy vl`x yg|xb jdyx# d`h L^^ vdy jgrilh k`xg odàr|~xi{ k` ?>>:. _lz. Mdiayg` olfd`

xdcay vkxb Og D`hlryyg`# FEy jgrelr fcgodc zkil ~rlykhl`x gj ~|ribdyk`f. Er. Lhvdrhy

|y|dcc{ mgk`lh xbl ig`zlrydg`y# o|x xblrl vlrl k`yxdìly vblrl _lz. Mdiayg` elx Er.

D`hlryyg` dcg`l g` Er. Lhvdrhy olbdcj. \cedxlc{# d ~cd` vdy hlzkylh vblrl Er.

Lhvdrhy vg|ch yxdrx d`gxblr o|yk`lyy vkxb FE dy kxy ibklj i|yxgelr1 blìl# xbl okrxb gj

^lrjgredìl Ed`|jdix|rk`f Frg|~ CCI "ÊF+. Xbl `lv ige~d`{# vbkcl yedcclr k` yk}l

d`h rlzl`|l xbd` L^^# hlckzlrlh xbl ydel y~likdcx{ ~cdyi ~rgh|ixy dy L^^. ÊF `lzlr

ddk`lh xbl zgc|el gj mgoy kx `llhlh xg yli|rl cg`f%xlre zkdokckx{. Ig`ylt|l`xc{# Er.

Lhvdrhy ygch xbl o|yk`lyy k` ?>4> dlr d xvg%y`x.Vkxbg|x _lz. Mdiayg`y k`zgczlel`xdlr L^^ vl`x hgv`# K vg|ch `gx bdzl oll` fkzl` d`{ g~~grx|`kx{ xg igel odia k`xg

xbl k`h|yxr{ "vkxb ÊF+# Er. Lhvdrhy yd{y. K bdh xbl ibdìl xg flx odia g` e{ jllx#

d`h xbdxy dcc olid|yl _lz. Mdiayg` d`h bky xlde xgga ibdrfl gj xbl ykx|dg`.

Vkxbg|x _lz. Mdiayg`y

k`zgczlel`x dlr L^^ vl`x

hgv`# K vg|ch `gx bdzl oll`

fkzl` d`{ g~~grx|`kx{ xgigel odia k`xg xbl k`h|yxr{

"vkxb ÊF+...


10/15

Idyl Yx|h{= Xbl Odrxlib Frg|~# Ckzg`kd# Ekibkfd`

;

Xbl Odrxlib Frg|~# okcck`f d`h ed`dfk`f (4 okcckg` k` rlzl`|l d``|dcc{ jgr kxy i|yxgelry

ky g`l gj Delrkidy egyx rly~lixlh d`h y|iilyyj|c xdcl`x dit|kykg` d`h ed`dflel`x

rey. Xbl ige~d`{ jgi|yly g` rlir|k`f# ~cdik`f d`h ed`dfk`f ig`xrdix dyygikdxly

k` kxy yxd`f hkzkykg` jgr ige~d`kly y|ib dy Jgrh Egxgr Ige~d`{# Fl`lrdc Egxgry#

Ibr{yclr# d`h gxblry. Xbrg|fb kxy Odrxlib Vgrajgril Ed`dflel`x "OVE+ hkzkykg`# xbl

ige~d`{ ed`dfly xbl ~rgi|rlel`x gj b|ed` rlyg|ril xdcl`x jgr edmgr igr~grdg`y

vgrchvkhl# kìc|hk`f Hlc~bk# Zlrk}g`# FcdgYekxbAck`l# Ldxg` Igr~grdg`# xg del d

jlv. Olxvll` xbl xvg hkzkykg`y# Xbl Odrxlib Frg|~ ed`dfly d`h yxdy vlcc gzlr ?>#>>>

~rgjlyykg`dcy.

Fl`lrdcc{ y~ldak`f# vbl` xbl lig`ge{ ky rgo|yx# xbl yxd`f k`h|yxr{ ky rgo|yx1 ckalvkyl#

vbl` xbl lig`ge{ bkxy d hgv`x|r`# xbl yxd`f k`h|yxr{ ky bkyxgrkidcc{ xbl ryx xg xdal

d bkx ykìl ig`xrdix le~cg{lly drl x{~kidcc{ xbl ryx le~cg{lly clx fg vbl` ibdccl`fly

drkyl. O|yk`lyy y|lrlh d okx dx Xbl Odrxlib Frg|~ h|rk`f xbl lig`geki xdkcy~k` k ?>>;d`h ?>4>. Xbl ige~d`{ vdy jgrilh xg cd{ g b|`hrlhy gj vgralry k` kxy yxd`f hkzkykg`#

d`h kx cgyx dog|x 9> ~lril`x gj kxy xrd ydig` zgc|el vkxbk` xbl OVE hkzkykg`. Kx ky

h|rk`f xbky el xbdx xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix xlde yxl~~lh k` xg dyykyx Xbl Odrxlib

Frg|~ k` kxy edral`f lgrxy. Dy d rly|cx# xbl ige~d`{ elx vkxb ~rgy~lizl i|yxgelry

d`h vdy |cedxlc{ dvdrhlh `lv ig`xrdixy xbdx blc~lh l~lhkxl Xbl Odrxlib Frg|~y

rligzlr{. Xblyl `lv ig`xrdixy `gx g`c{ dkhlh k` xbl ige~d`{y rligzlr{# o|x xbl{

~rgzkhlh d orgdhlr# egrl hkzlryklh i|yxgelr odyl. Grfd`k}dg`y k` xbl bldcxbidrl#

~bdredil|idc d`h xlcligee|`kidg` k`h|yxrkly bdzl `gv oll` dhhlh xg xbl dcrldh{

ke~rlyykzl i|yxgelr ~grgckg gj Xbl Odrxlib Frg|~.

Vlrl zlr{ d~~rlikdzl d`h xbdàj|c xg _dkògv ^\YB jgr blc~k`f |y edralx g|r

ylrzkily# Ibdkred` d`h ^rlykhl x Mg` L. Odrlch yd{y. Vl rlilkzlh vg`hlrj|c y|~~grxjrge "_dkògv ^\YB+ xg drdix d`h vk` `lv ickl`xy# d`h dy d rly|cx gj xbdx dyykyxdìl#

g|r o|yk`lyy ky hgk`f rldcc{ vlcc xghd{.

Vl rlilkzlh vg`hlrj|c

y|~~grx jrge "_dkògv

^\YB+ xg drdix d`h vk`

`lv ickl`xy# d`h dy d

rly|cx gj xbdx dyykyxdìl# g|r

o|yk`lyy ky hgk`f rldcc{ vlcc

xghd{.


11/15

Idyl Yx|h{= Hkzlrykx{%Z|xlt CCI# @lv Dcod`{# Ekyykyyk~~k

Idyl Yx|h{= IblekigEd{y CCI# Yg|xblch# Ekibkfd`

4>

Hkzlrykx{%Z|xlt CCI ky d` d|xgegzl y|~~cklr gj egchlh ~cdyi ~drxy d`h dyyleockly.

Kx ky d` k`xlr`dg`dc mgk`x zl`x|rl olxvll` Hr. Cdvrlìl Irdvjgrh d`h Z|xlt# d edmgr

Md~d`lyl d|xgegzl y|~~cklr xg Xg{gxd. Xbky igccdogrdg` y|~~grxy Xg{gxd g~lrdg`y

k` K`hkd`d d`h Ekyykyyk~~k.

Hkzlrykx{%Z|xlt vdy lfdzlc{ dlixlh o{ lxlr`dc jgrily ol{g`h kxy ig`xrgc h|rk`f xbl

rlilyykg`. Jkryx# d o|yk`lyy ~drx`lr clh jgr ~lryg`dc odàr|~xi{ oljgrl ige~cl`f bky

`dìkdc gockfdg`# vbkib ylzlrlc{ bde~lrlh xbl ige~d`{y idyb gv. Ybgrxc{

xblrldlr# Hkzlrykx{%Z|xlty y|~~cklry olfd` rlh|ik`f kxy irlhkx ck`lxbky igek`f g`

xbl bllcy gj xbl ige~d`{y odà rlh|ik`f dzdkcdokckx{ xg irlhkx dy vlcc. Kx vdy k`xg xbky

ig`zlrflìl gj ikri|eyxdìly xbdx _lz. Mdiayg` d`h xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix xlde fgx

k`zgczlh. _lz. Mdiayg` ~lryg`dcc{ elx vkxb igr~grdxl lli|zly dx Xg{gxd# d`h yxd

eleolry gj xbl D|xgegzl rgmlix d~~rgdiblh Hkzlrykx{%Z|xlty `dìkdc k`yx|g`

d`h jg|fbx zkfgrg|yc{ g` xbl ige~d`{y olbdcj.

Xbl lgrxy gj _lz. Mdiayg` d`h bky xlde `gx g`c{ blc~lh vkxb rl%lyxdockybk`f

Hkzlrykx{%Z|xlty ~cdil dy d t|dckx{ y|~~cklr jgr Xg{gxd# o|x xbl{ dcyg y|~~grxlh xbl

ige~d`{ k` cd|ìbk`f d `lv k`kdzl vkxb d hklrl`x i|yxgelr. Kx vdy xbl rly|c`f

hkzlryklh ~grgckg gj i|yxgelry xbdx y~ldrbldhlh d`h diilclrdxlh xbl ige~d`{y

y|rzkzdc. K de frdxlj|c xg _lz. Mdiayg` d`h xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix xlde jgr xblkr

y|~~grx# Hr. Irdvjgrh yd{y. Vkxbg|x xbl blc~ gj _lz. Mdiayg`y grfd`k}dg`# g|r

ige~d`{ vg|ch `gx ol blrl. Vlrl frgvk`f gìl dfdk` d`h zlr{ yxdocl# d`h vl bdzl

_lz. Mdiayg` xg xbdà jgr xbdx.

Vkxbg|x xbl blc~ gj _lz.

Mdiayg`y grfd`k}dg`# g|r

ige~d`{ vg|ch `gx ol blrl.

Vlrl frgvk`f gìl dfdk`

d`h zlr{ yxdocl# d`h vl

bdzl _lz. Mdiayg` xg xbdà

jgr xbdx.

.../_lz. Mdiayg` elx vkxb

xbl d|xg ige~d`kly d`h

ig``|lh xg lìg|rdfl

xble `gx xg rlxrldx jrge

xblkr y|~~grx gj ek`grkx{y|~~cklry

IblekigEd{y CCI# bldhlh o{ ~rlykhl`x d`h ILG Clg` I. _kibdrhyg`# ky xbl cdrflyx

Djrkid`%Delrkid` iblekidc igìlr` k` @grxb Delrkid. Xbl ige~d`{# d xvg%el Fl`lrdc

Egxgry Y|~~cklr gj xbl [ldr Dvdrh rlik~kl`x "?>>; d`h ?>4>+# glry y|yxdk`docl

iblekidc ed`dflel`x ~rgfrdey xg ickl`xy k` zdrkg|y k`h|yxrkly. Ygel gj IblekigEd{y&

o|yk`lyy ky lh xg zgc|el# yg dy xbl d``|dc `|eolr gj zlbkicly ygch hlirldyly# yg xgg

hgly xbl ige~d`{&y rlzl`|l. Dy d rly|cx# IblekigEd{y& rlzl`|l jlcc dog|x 4? ~lril`x

h|rk`f xbl rlilyykg`.

/_lz. Mdiayg` elx vkxb xbl d|xg ige~d`kly d`h ig``|lh xg lìg|rdfl xble `gx xgrlxrldx jrge xblkr y|~~grx gj ek`grkx{ y|~~cklryg|r ige~d`{ k` ~dri|cdr# dy vlcc dy

d jlv gxblry#/ Er. _kibdrhyg` yd{y. K` dhhkg` xg xbl dyykyxdìl jrge xbl D|xgegzl

^rgmlix# IblekigEd{y |ylh kxy l~lryl d`h fggh `del k` xbl edralx~cdil xg yli|rl

dhhkg`dc o|yk`lyy g|xykhl xbl d|xgegzl ylixgr. /Vl fbxl`lh g|r hliklìkly "k` xbl

d|xgegzl k`h|yxr{+ o{ goxdk`k`f o|yk`lyy g|xykhl xbl k`h|yxr{#/ Er. _kibdrhyg` yd{y.

/Hkzlrykidg` ky xbl al{ xg vkxbyxd`hk`f d`{ lig`geki hgv`x|r`y k` xbl j|x|rl./


12/15

Idyl Yx|h{= Bkfbxgvlry ^lxrgcl|e Ig.# Jrdàck`# Gbkg

Idyl Yx|h{= Xbl Ok`f Frg|~# Hlxrgkx# Ekibkfd`

44

Bkfbxgvlry lxrgcl|e Ig. "BÎ+ y|~~ckly d`h xrd`y~grxy j|lc d`h ~lxrgcl|e%rlcdxlh

~rgh|ixy "fdygck`l# hklylc j|lc# dcxlr`dzl j|lcy# c|orkid`xy# d`h gkcy+ dy vlcc dy yxgrdfl

xdày d`h rlegxl lclixrg`ki eg`kxgrk`f lt|k~el`x xg ickl`xy `dg`vkhl. \`ckal ed`{

gxblr ocdia%gv`lh o|yk`lyyly xbdx yxr|ffclh h|rk`f xbl rlilyykg`# BÎ g|rkyblh.

O|yk`lyyly d`h k`hkzkh|dcy rlt|krl xbl |yl gj ~lxrgcl|e g` d hdkc{ odyky# rlfdrhclyy gj

xbl gzlrdcc ig`hkg` gj xbl lig`ge{. Ig`ylt|l`xc{# BÎ kìrldylh kxy o|yk`lyy o{ egrl

xbd` ?>> ~lril`x olxvll` ?>>6 d`h ?>4>.

BÎ cggalh xg l~d`h d` d|xgegzl i|yxgelr odyl xbdx dcrldh{ bdh Bg`hd d`h Jgrh

Egxgr Ige~d`{ k` xbl jgch. Xbl ige~d`{ bdh i|rygr{ hkyi|yykg`y vkxb Fl`lrdc Egxgry#

o|x `gxbk`f lzlr j|cc{ edxlrkdck}lh. Xbl ~rgfrlyy BÎ bdh edhl vkxb FE vdy yx|`xlh

vbl` xbgyl vkxbk` xbl d|xgedalr vbg ibde~kg`lh xbl id|yl gj vgrak`f vkxb BÎ

egzlh g` jrge xblkr ~gykg`y. Fcl`hd Fkcc# lli|zl hkrlixgr gj xbl Fcgodc D|xgegzl

^rgmlix# clh xbl vd{ k` drrd`fk`f igrrly~g`hlìl olxvll` BÎ d`h FE lli|zlyrly~g`ykocl jgr ~|ribdyk`f. Xblyl ell`fy al~x BÎ g` FEy rdhdr d`h k` ig`xl`g`

jgr o|yk`lyy. BÎ vdy ygg` dvdrhlh FEy o|yk`lyy d`h xbl d|xgedalr bdy ykìl

gzlrxdal` Jgrh d`h Bg`hd dy xbl ige~d`{y cdrflyx d|xgegzl i|yxgelr.

Xbl Ok`f Frg|~# jg|`hlh dy Ok`f Yxllc# Kì. k` 4;2> o{ Bdcc gj Jdel odyalxodcc ~cd{lr

Hdzl Ok`f# vdy d hkzlryklh odyl gj ed`|jdix|rk`f ige~d`kly xbdx ~rgzkhlh ~rgh|ixy xgi|yxgelry k` xbl d|xgegzl# d~~ckdìl# d`h gil j|r`kx|rl k`h|yxrkly xbrg|fb zlridc

k`xlfrdg`. Kx vdy g`l gj xbl cdrflyx d`h egyx y|iilyyj|c ocdia%gv`lh ed`|jdix|rk`f

ig`fcgelrdxly k` xbl ig|`xr{ h|rk`f kxy bl{hd{. Lzl` vkxb y|ib dhekrdocl hlyirk~g`y#

kx xgg l~lrklìlh d ylzlrl hrg~ k` rlzl`|l h|rk`f xbl rlilyykg`dcegyx 8> ~lril`x.

Er. Ok`f bdy d cg`f%yxd`hk`f bkyxgr{ vkxb _lz. Mdiayg`. Bl# dcg`f vkxb ylzlrdc gxblr

k`|l`dc Hlxrgkx%drld o|yk`lyy gv`lry# dix|dcc{ d~~rgdiblh _lz. Mdiayg` vkxb xbl khld

xbdx |cedxlc{ clh xg xbl irldg` gj xbl Fcgodc D|xgegzl ^rgmlix k` 4;;2. Yg vkxb Xbl

Ok`f Frg|~ k` ~lrkc h|rk`f xbl lig`geki hgv`x|r`# ige~d`{ cldhlry dhg~xlh

dffrlyykzl igyx%i|`f eldy|rly xg all~ xbl o|yk`lyy egzk`f jgrvdrh. _lz. Mdiayg` dcyg

clh xbl id|yl gj l`y|rk`f Jgrh d`h FE lli|zly# xvg gj Ok`fy ~rkedr{

i|yxgelry# vlrl dvdrl gj xbl ibdccl`fly jdik`f g`l gj xbl k`h|yxr{y jgrlegyx

y|~~cklryocdia gr vbkxl. \cedxlc{# xbg|fb# xbl rd~kh ibd`fl k` xbl k`h|yxr{ hkh`x

vgra jgr |y d`{ cg`flr dy d o|yk`lyy eghlc# jgrelr Ok`f lli|zl Akra Clvky yd{y# d`h

dlr dcegyx 8> {ldry k` o|yk`lyy# Xbl Ok`f Frg|~ icgylh |~ ybg~.

...Fcl`hd Fkcc clh xbl vd{ k`

drrd`fk`f igrrly~g`hlìl

olxvll` BÎ d`h FE

lli|zly rly~g`ykocl jgr

~|ribdyk`f.

..._lz. Mdiayg` dcyg clh xbl

id|yl gj l`y|rk`f Jgrh d`h

FE lli|zly vlrl dvdrl

gj xbl ibdccl`fly jdik`f g`l

gj xbl k`h|yxr{y jgrlegyx

y|~~cklryocdia gr vbkxl.


13/15

Xbrll Yxrdxlfkly Xg Vkxbyxd`h D`gxblr Lig`geki Yc|e~

4?

Ig`xrdig` gj xbl d|xgegzl k`h|yxr{# d`h xbl ed`|jdix|rk`f k`h|yxr{ dy d vbgcl#

rlcdzl xg ocdiay hkh `gx yxdrx vkxb xbl Frldx _lilyykg`. Xbky ky d xrl`h xbdx olfd` k`

4;;> d`h ibrg`kiclh k` d ?>>6 yx|h{ xbdx rlzldclh ocdia vgralry vlrl dog|x 4< ~lril`x

clyy ckalc{ xbd` vgralry jrge gxblr rdikdc d`h lxb`ki frg|~y xg bdzl d mgo k` xbl

d|xgegzl k`h|yxr{. Ig`ykhlrk`f xbdx k` 4;6; ocdiay vlrlm|yxdy ckalc{ xg bdzl mgoy k`

xbl d|xgegzl k`h|yxr{ yblhy ckfbx g` bgv yxdra xblyl `hk`fy drl d`h bgv t|kiac{

ocdiay ~drik~dg` k` xbl k`h|yxr{ bdy hvk`hclh. Y~likidcc{# xbl yx|h{ dcyg jg|`h bgv

xbl ybdrl gj ocdiay vgrak`f k` ed`|jdix|rk`f gzlrdcc hlick`lh jrge ?9.; ~lril`x k` 4;6;

xg ;.2 ~lril`x k` ?>>6.

Ykìl ocdia%gv`lh d|xgegzl y|~~cklry ~cdil d` le~bdyky g` rlir|k`f# bkrk`f d`h

~rgeg`f t|dcklh ocdia id`hkhdxly# xbl hkek`kybk`f ed`|jdix|rk`f odyl dlixy d

frldx `|eolr gj ocdiay d`h edaly xbl ydjlf|drhk`f gj xbl Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry dcc xbl egrl

ke~grxd`x. O|x bgv id` xblyl Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry k`y|cdxl xbleylczly jrge xbl i{ickidc`dx|rl gj xbl lig`ge{7 Blrl drl xbrll o|yk`lyy yxrdxlfkly xbdx vkcc blc~ ige~d`kly

vkxbyxd`h xbl yxrdk`y gj d` lig`geki hgv`x|r`=

Hkzlrykidg`= Vbl` d|xgedalry flx d igch# ocdia y|~~cklry flx hg|ocl

~`l|eg`kd ky d ylèl`x ybdrlh o{ ed`{ k` xbl k`h|yxr{. K` gxblr vgrhy# xbl

ibdccl`fly xbdx olylx d|xgedalry drl jlcx xvkil dy e|ib deg`f xbl Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry d`h

gxblry. Xg yxle xbl hl gj d ~gxl`dc hgv`x|r` k` xbl j|x|rl# ocdia y|~~cklry e|yx cgga

xg l~d`h xblkr i|yxgelr odyl. ^drx`lrk`f vkxb i|yxgelry k` lelrfk`f k`h|yxrkly y|ib

dy bldcxbidrl# dcxlr`dzl l`lrf{# dlrgy~dil# KX# lh|idg`# ~bdredil|idc# d`h gxblry#

ig|ch fg d cg`f vd{ xgvdrh ~rgxli`f xbl zkdokckx{ gj xblkr o|yk`lyy. Ol{g`h ~gxl`dcc{

ybklchk`f xbl ige~d`{ jrge ~gyykocl lig`geki yc|e~y# hkzlrykidg` ky yke~c{ d yg|`h

o|yk`lyy yxrdxlf{ xg le~cg{.

Fcgodck}dg`= Dhzdìly k` igee|`kidg`# xrd`y~grxdg` d`h k`jgredg`

xlib`gcgf{# dy vlcc dy xbl lelrflìl gj k`xlr`dg`dc `dìl edal hgk`f o|yk`lyy

ol{g`h xbl ogrhlry gj @grxb Delrkid d clyy i|eolrygel o|yk`lyy xdii. Xbl jlv

Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry xbdx ig`h|ix ~grg`y gj xblkr o|yk`lyy k`xlr`dg`dcc{ dix|dcc{ ydv

xbgyl drldy kìrldyl h|rk`f xbl rlilyykg`. Vbkcl kxy drf|doc{ xbl egyx hki|cx gj xbl

xbrll xg diige~ckyb# xbl ke~dix gj fcgodck}dg` id` {klch |`xgch d`h cg`f%cdy`f

ol`lxy xg d ige~d`{.

Hlzlcg~ d rgo|yx rlcdg`ybk~ vkxb {g|r `dìkdc k`yx|g`= _lcdzlc{ y~ldak`f#

ocdia%gv`lh d|xgegzl y|~~cklry drl egyxc{ {g|`f# ryx%fl`lrdg` l`xlr~rkyly d`hxb|y cdia dhlt|dxl rlylrzly xg vkxbyxd`h xg|fb lig`geki ely. Ylzlrdc Clfdi{

Y|~~cklry l~lrklìlh k`lkokckx{ jrge xblkr `dìkdc k`yx|g`y h|rk`f xbl rlilyykg` xg

xbl lxl`x xbdx xblkr diilyy xg irlhkx vdy lkxblr ckekxlh gr i|x g l`rlc{. Hlzlcg~k`f d

ygckh ~drx`lrybk~ vkxb d `dìkdc k`yx|g` xbdx olcklzly k` xbl o|yk`lyy ky xbl ryx yxl~

xgvdrh o|kchk`f d hljl`yl dfdk`yx d y~krdck`f lig`ge{.

Yg|ril= Mgb` Yibek d`h Ol` ]k~~lrlr1 Il`xlr jgr Lig`geki d`h ^gcki{ _lyldrib1 Xbl Hlick`l k` Djrkid`%Delrkid` _l~rlyl`xdg` k`

\`kg`y d`h Ed`|jdix|rk`f# 4;6;%?>>6.

6

6


14/15

Igìc|hk`f Y|eedr{

49

[lyxlrhd{y d|xgegzl k`h|yxr{ bdy xrd`yjgrelh k`xg d e|cjdilxlh# e|c`dg`dc

~bl`gel`g` vblrl xbl o|yk`lyy dy |y|dc ek`hylx ky goygclxl. Lzl`xy# ogxb

hgelyidcc{ d`h k`xlr`dg`dcc{# bdzl ibd`flh xbl yig~l gj xbl k`h|yxr{ d`h ~|x k`xg

jgi|y xbl `llh xg rly~g`h likl`xc{ xg ibd`fk`f edralx h{`dekiy.

Xbl ig`hkg` k` vbkib xbl Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry jg|`h xbleylczly h|rk`f xbl Frldx

_lilyykg` blc~lh yxrl`fxbl` d` dcrldh{ ~gxl`x rlygczl xbdx dccgvlh ed`{ gj xble xg

~|ry|l xblkr l`hldzgry k` xbl ryx ~cdil. Egrl xbd` xbdx# xbl l~lrklìl drelh xbl

`llh jgr o|yk`lyyly xg rledk` dhd~xdocl k` d` lzlr%ibd`fk`f d`h ige~cl

k`h|yxr{. Xblyl ibd`fly drl `gx dcvd{y ldy{ xg ig`xl`h vkxb# `gr drl xbl{ ldykc{

dzgkhlh1 glèly# xbl{ drl `gx gj g|r hgk`f. O|x vbl` dcxlrdg`y drl edhl xg xbl

o|yk`lyy cd`hyid~l# kx olbggzly |y dcc xg |`kj{ d`h fbx jgr xbl igeeg` fggh. Kj vlhg`x cgga g|x jgr g|r gv` olyx k`xlrlyx# vbg vkcc7

D`h xbdxy vbdx xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix ylx g|x xg hg k` xbky idyl. Ygel gj xbl k`h|yxr{y

`lyx vlrl id|fbx k` d vlo gj lig`geki hkydyxlr d`h ig|ch `gx `dzkfdxl xblkr vd{ g|x gj

xrg|ocl dcg`l. _dkògv ^\YB d`h xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix xlde yxd`h ybg|chlr xg

ybg|chlr vkxb xbl Clfdi{ Y|~~cklry# rldh{ xg ig``|l xbl fbx gj l`y|rk`f lt|dc diilyy

d`h g~~grx|`kx{ jgr ~lg~cl gj igcgr.


15/15

Dog|x xbl D|xgegzl ^rgmlix

Xbl _dkògv^\YB D|xgegzl rgmlix olfd` k` 4;;2 dlr ylzlrdc

Hlxrgkx%drld o|yk`lyy~lg~cl vkx`lyylh xbl y|iilyy d`h |`kzlrydc d~~ldc

gj _dkògv^\YBy Vdcc Yxrllx ^rgmlix k` @lv [gra. Xbky frg|~ gj~rgek`l`x d`h y|iilyyj|c k`hkzkh|dcy# clh o{ Elc Jdrr# Mgb` Ig`{lry Mr. d`h

Hdzl Ok`f# yg|fbx xbl dhzkil d`h k`|lìl gj _lz. Mlyyl Mdiayg` Yr. gìl

xbl{ rldck}lh bgv jlv g~~grx|`kly xblrl vlrl jgr ocdiay xg bdzl diilyy

xg id~kxdc d`h gv` idr hldclrybk~y. Xbl k`jrdyxr|ix|rl gj xbl Vdcc Yxrllx

^rgmlix vdy ekrrgrlh k` Hlxrgkx d`h olidel xbl D|xgegzl rgmlix. Kxy

jgi|y ky xg ~rgegxl diilyy xg k`h|yxr{# id~kxdc# xlib`gcgf{# dy vlcc dy

clzlck`f xbl lig`geki ~cd{k`f lch jgr ~lg~cl gj igcgr d`h vgel`.

_dkògv ^\YB D|xgegzl ^rgmlix

899< V. Jgrx Yx.# Yxl. ?4?>

Hlxrgkx# EK. 82?>;

^bg`l= "949+ 28?%9229

Jd= "949+ 28?%?:?44 _dkògv ^\YB D|xgegxkzl ^rgmlix

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