How Student Learn

8/18/2019 How Student Learn

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What is Learning?

• Learning as a change in behavior

• Learning as a change in mentalassociation


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The evolution of learningtheories

Early Psychology(use of nonobjective methods )

Behaviorism(focus on stimuli and

res onse)

Early !ognitivePers ective

(focus on internal mental events)

"ocial Learning Theory(focus on learning by observation)

"ocial !ognitive Theory(inter retation of observational learning in

terms of cognitive rocess)

!ognitive Psychology(focus on information

rocessing and #no$ledgeconstruction


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#ambing mobil gar u sa i erahu

#aos iring celana cang#ir #uda

esa$at sa i bus to i #aos #a#i

isau se atu sendo# tru# domba


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Basic %ssum tion of !ognitivePsychology

&nfluence of cognitive rocesses"electivity about $hat is learned

!onstruction of meaning'ole of rior #no$ledge and beliefs

%ctive involvement in learning


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&nfluence of cognitive rocesses

Peo le learn information more easily$hen they can relate it to something theyalready #no$Peo le learn several ieces of ne$information more easily $hen they canrelate them to an overall organi ation


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Basic Terminology in !ognitivePsychology

• emory• "torage

• Encoding• 'etrieval


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emory

• Learners ability to save things (mentally)that they have reviously learned


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"torage

• The ac*uisition of ne$ #no$ledge+ therocess of utting $hat is learned into

memory in the first lace


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Encoding

• "tore information in different $ay fromho$ it $as resented before


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'etrieval

• The rocess of remembering reviouslystore information

• ,inding the information in memory


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% model of the human memory system

Sensoryegister

!or"ing#S$ort%erm&

'emory

Long %erm'emory

in ut

in ut

in ut

l o s t

attention

l o s t

&n de tthrocessing

(often involvesconnecting ne$information to

rior #no$ledge


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"ensory 'egister

"ensory register is the com onent ofmemory that holds the information youreceive (in ut) in more or less its original-unencoded form.


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Wor#ing (short term) memory

• "T is the com onent of memory $here ne$information is held $hile it is mentally rocessed

• Wor#ing memory is $here our thin#ing or cognitiverocessing occurs

• E/0 $hen understand a te/tboo#- solve a roblem etc• 1 characteristic0 a short duration 2 limited ca acity


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Long Term emory

• LT is the final com onent of the humanmemory system

• 3 characteristics0 long duration- unlimitedca acity- interconnectedness

How Student Learn

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