How is migration changing the face of the EU? 2.53 The economic, social, environmental and political consequences of these movements and the issue and.

How is migration How is migration changing the face of the changing the face of the

EU?EU?2.53 The economic, social, 2.53 The economic, social, environmental and political environmental and political

consequences of these consequences of these movements and the issue and movements and the issue and

reactions they create reactions they create

2.5 On the move2.5 On the move

Overview Overview

SourceSource HostHost

AdvantagesAdvantages

DisadvantageDisadvantagess

Interconnected? Interconnected? What does this mean?What does this mean? Flows of money, ideas and information pass back Flows of money, ideas and information pass back

and forth between family members living at a and forth between family members living at a distance from one anotherdistance from one another

How can we become interconnected?How can we become interconnected? RemittancesRemittances? – money sent home by migrants ? – money sent home by migrants Lloyds TSB bank - According to a recent survey Lloyds TSB bank - According to a recent survey

by the bank, more than 40% of Polish workers by the bank, more than 40% of Polish workers recently transferred money back home, and recently transferred money back home, and nearly 75% plan to do so again in the near future.nearly 75% plan to do so again in the near future.

Most transactions are for between £100 and £500 Most transactions are for between £100 and £500 and are typically made every one or two months. and are typically made every one or two months. The main reasons for making the transfers The main reasons for making the transfers included financial support for their family and included financial support for their family and saving for their own future, the bank found.saving for their own future, the bank found.

Impacts of migrationImpacts of migration Demographic - how are Demographic - how are

population pyramids population pyramids changing?changing?

Population 'to hit 65m Population 'to hit 65m by 2016' by 2016'

The population of the The population of the UK is set to increase by UK is set to increase by 4.4 million to 65 million 4.4 million to 65 million by 2016, according to by 2016, according to new projections.new projections.

The Office for National The Office for National Statistics (ONS) estimates Statistics (ONS) estimates that 2.1 million of the that 2.1 million of the overall rise can be put overall rise can be put down to immigration alone. down to immigration alone. (BBC)(BBC)

Demographic - how are population pyramids Demographic - how are population pyramids changing?changing?

Within Poland, figures for emigration vary hugely Within Poland, figures for emigration vary hugely – from around 0.6 – 3 million people since 2004. – from around 0.6 – 3 million people since 2004.

Ageing and population decline. Ageing and population decline. By 2050 it is likely that the 65+ age group in By 2050 it is likely that the 65+ age group in

Poland will increase from 11% to 27% while the Poland will increase from 11% to 27% while the 19-44 years working age percentage falls from 19-44 years working age percentage falls from 38% to 27%. Total population is projected to fall 38% to 27%. Total population is projected to fall from 38 million today to 33-32 million by 2050. from 38 million today to 33-32 million by 2050.

Impacts of migrationImpacts of migration

Impacts of migrationImpacts of migration DemographicDemographic - - how are population how are population

pyramids changing?pyramids changing?

Impacts of Impacts of migrationmigration

Economic – how are Economic – how are individual working lives individual working lives and national economies and national economies changed?changed?

What does this show?What does this show? Migrants can be both a Migrants can be both a

net cost and a net benefit net cost and a net benefit to economies.to economies.

Young single skilled Young single skilled migrants boost economic migrants boost economic growth, where as growth, where as migrating families with migrating families with dependents or asylum dependents or asylum seekers are likely to be a seekers are likely to be a costcost

Impacts of MigrationImpacts of Migration Economic – how are individual working lives and Economic – how are individual working lives and

national economies changed?national economies changed? Estimates UK treasury migrants contribute 10% to Estimates UK treasury migrants contribute 10% to

taxes but take 9% in government spending.taxes but take 9% in government spending. 700000 eastern European immigrants arrived 700000 eastern European immigrants arrived

between 2004-2007 – 5000 claimed some kind between 2004-2007 – 5000 claimed some kind benefit although 70000 claimed child benefitbenefit although 70000 claimed child benefit

Migrant workers bring a net economic benefit to Migrant workers bring a net economic benefit to the UK economy of at least £2.5Bn per year, the UK economy of at least £2.5Bn per year, filling jobs which no one else wants to do or filling jobs which no one else wants to do or providing skills where there is a skill shortage... providing skills where there is a skill shortage...

Doing jobs we don’t want to….Doing jobs we don’t want to…. news article about Peterborough clip from Poles are coming - Peterborough with lo

cals who don't want to work on farms

Impacts of MigrationImpacts of Migration Economic The geographical pattern

in the UK City of London Boston Westminster Northampton South Holland Peterborough Fenland East Cambridgeshire Herefordshire Dungannon Scotland article

economist

Impacts of migrationImpacts of migration

Economic Economic Page 141 Phillip Allan – table of Page 141 Phillip Allan – table of

economic costs and benefits – use to economic costs and benefits – use to add to your notesadd to your notes

Impacts of MigrationImpacts of Migration Social – what is the impact Social – what is the impact

on families and on migrant on families and on migrant health and welfare?health and welfare?

Very few post-enlargement Very few post-enlargement migrants claim state migrants claim state benefits (only 2.4% of benefits (only 2.4% of those registering for those registering for National Insurance National Insurance numbers between May numbers between May 2004 and December 2007 2004 and December 2007 did so in order to claim did so in order to claim benefits) benefits)

1 in 4 children in UK in 1 in 4 children in UK in 2007 was born to a foreign 2007 was born to a foreign parent parent

Birth rate is starting to Birth rate is starting to increase in UK increase in UK

Video linkproblems Video linkproblems for maternity for maternity services /churches services /churches boomingbooming

Video illustrates a Video illustrates a few of problemsfew of problems

Consequences for source countriesConsequences for source countries Family break up as generally young Family break up as generally young

men migrate leaving families behindmen migrate leaving families behind A culture of emigration and a sense A culture of emigration and a sense

that leaving is a good thing - this that leaving is a good thing - this can cause societies to undervalue can cause societies to undervalue themselves. themselves.

Impacts of MigrationImpacts of Migration

Cultural – what is the religious Cultural – what is the religious reaction and what are the effects on reaction and what are the effects on art and music?art and music?

Video Link - problems for maternity Video Link - problems for maternity services /churches booming – services /churches booming – catholic church services booming in catholic church services booming in PeterboroughPeterborough

Creation of multicultural societies Creation of multicultural societies and benefits of easy access to the and benefits of easy access to the music, food, tradition and ideas of music, food, tradition and ideas of other cultures other cultures

Impacts of MigrationImpacts of Migration

Cultural – Impacts of MigrationCultural – Impacts of Migration FoodFood The sudden influx of Poles since their country joined the The sudden influx of Poles since their country joined the

EU in 2004 has seen an explosion in Polish foods and EU in 2004 has seen an explosion in Polish foods and drinks available - first in specialty shops selling to drinks available - first in specialty shops selling to migrant workers, but now demand is so great that migrant workers, but now demand is so great that Sainsbury's, Asda and Tesco stock products such as Sainsbury's, Asda and Tesco stock products such as pulpety (meatballs) and delicje (biscuits with chocolate pulpety (meatballs) and delicje (biscuits with chocolate and jam). and jam).

Tesco's have created a website – Tesco Polish productsTesco's have created a website – Tesco Polish products From Tesco's websiteFrom Tesco's website The huge demand for Polish delicacies in Britain has The huge demand for Polish delicacies in Britain has

overwhelmed us to the extent that we have exceeded overwhelmed us to the extent that we have exceeded our original expectation by tenfold.our original expectation by tenfold.

The rocketing demand means that Polish has become The rocketing demand means that Polish has become the fastest-growing ethnic food range we have ever the fastest-growing ethnic food range we have ever launched including our Indian and Chinese cuisines, so launched including our Indian and Chinese cuisines, so the launch of the dedicated website for Poles is a logical the launch of the dedicated website for Poles is a logical step forward. step forward.

Impacts on MigrationImpacts on Migration

Environmental – is the travel Environmental – is the travel polluting? Are there stresses for polluting? Are there stresses for receiving areas?receiving areas?

Every day, seventy flights touch down Every day, seventy flights touch down at UK airports carrying passengers at UK airports carrying passengers from the new Eastern Europe chasing from the new Eastern Europe chasing a dream. Plus numerous coaches a dream. Plus numerous coaches travel as welltravel as well

"There are people coming and going "There are people coming and going all the time, vans arriving and rubbish all the time, vans arriving and rubbish all over the streets because they don't all over the streets because they don't understand recycling."understand recycling."

Political Political

EU worker restrictions to remain EU worker restrictions to remain Restrictions on Bulgarians and Restrictions on Bulgarians and Romanians who want to work in the UK Romanians who want to work in the UK will remain in force until at least the end will remain in force until at least the end of next year, the Home Office says. of next year, the Home Office says. (BBC)(BBC)

There are growing concerns about total There are growing concerns about total population. Migrants, who tend to be young population. Migrants, who tend to be young and fertile, boost population. This could be and fertile, boost population. This could be good for the UK as they counter-balance an good for the UK as they counter-balance an ageing workforce, however, population could ageing workforce, however, population could grow to fast for housing and services to cope:grow to fast for housing and services to cope:

Policy changePolicy changeThe 5 tier points system:The 5 tier points system: Tier One: Highly skilledTier One: Highly skilled (2008)(2008)

This tier includes entrepreneurs, top scientists and business people. No job offer will be This tier includes entrepreneurs, top scientists and business people. No job offer will be required. required.

Tier two: Skilled with job offerTier two: Skilled with job offer (2008)(2008)People with qualifications / work-related experience; job offer in a "shortage area" such as People with qualifications / work-related experience; job offer in a "shortage area" such as nursing. nursing.

Tier three: Low skilled Tier three: Low skilled (no date set)(no date set)Workers from the expanded European Union, who do not need prior permission to arrive.Workers from the expanded European Union, who do not need prior permission to arrive.

Tier four: StudentsTier four: Students (2009)(2009)Those paying for tuition in the UK. Those paying for tuition in the UK.

Tier five: Temporary workers, Youth mobilityTier five: Temporary workers, Youth mobility (2008)(2008)Professional sports people or professional musicians, who want to work in the UK for an event Professional sports people or professional musicians, who want to work in the UK for an event such as the Olympics or a football match, or a concert. The youth mobility aspect is intended to such as the Olympics or a football match, or a concert. The youth mobility aspect is intended to cover cultural exchanges or working holidays by young peoplecover cultural exchanges or working holidays by young people. .

The points system will replace over 80 different work permits that exist The points system will replace over 80 different work permits that exist today. Its major impact is likely to be when Tier 3 is activated, as this will today. Its major impact is likely to be when Tier 3 is activated, as this will restrict low skilled migrants to the EU, and not from elsewhere in the restrict low skilled migrants to the EU, and not from elsewhere in the world. world.

Guardian news article - 2.53 points based immigration system.docGuardian news article - 2.53 points based immigration system.doc

Page 142-143 Phillip Allan – notes on UK policy on immigrationPage 142-143 Phillip Allan – notes on UK policy on immigration

Popular press Popular press headlines about headlines about welfare scroungers welfare scroungers and benefit costsand benefit costs

Views about immigrationViews about immigration

70-80% of British 70-80% of British people wish for people wish for tighter immigration tighter immigration policiespolicies

‘‘swamping swamping British cultureBritish culture’ ’ often citedoften cited

55% of existing 55% of existing immigrants in immigrants in favour of slowing favour of slowing immigrationimmigration

SOURCE: YouGov poll, Telegraph. May 2004

Overall …Overall …

Migration is frequently controversial, Migration is frequently controversial, provoking fierce reactions and becoming provoking fierce reactions and becoming major political issues in countries that major political issues in countries that experience mass immigration.experience mass immigration.

Prejudices Prejudices 2.53 Guardian article prejudices They 2.53 Guardian article prejudices They

come over here.doccome over here.doc But important to remember, the positive But important to remember, the positive

aspects of EU migration – music, fashion, aspects of EU migration – music, fashion, food etc they are….?food etc they are….?