How Education in Pakistan can be improved?

MOHAMMAD SALMANMOHAMMAD SALMAN

JHANG- LS-001JHANG- LS-001

Improvement in Improvement in Education in PakistanEducation in Pakistan

2

Contents

PART - I

• Definition of Education

• Constitution of Pakistan

PART – II

• Education Scenario

• Role of HEC

• Role of PEC

3

Definition of Education

The definition of education in common

usage, that education is merely the

delivery of knowledge, skills and

information from teachers to students, is

inadequate to capture what is really

important about being and becoming

educated.

4

The proper definition of education is

the process of becoming an

educated person.

Being an educated person means

you have access to optimal states of

mind regardless of the situation you

are in.

5

Constitution of Pakistan

6

Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b

“The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory

secondary education within minimum possible period”

7

Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centers of excellence,

standard of education & Islamic education

Concurrent Legislative List:

8

PART – II

EDUCATION

SCENARIO

9

Human Development IndexCountry Ranking

(out of 177 countries)

2005 2006 2007 2010 2012

Iran 99 96 94 97 92

Sri Lanka 93 93 99 98 94

Maldives 96 98 100 98 97

India 127 126 128 127 122

Bhutan 134 135 133 132 128

Pakistan 135 134 136 139 132

Bangladesh 139 137 140 140 140

Nepal 136 138 142 141 140

10

Literacy Rates

Literacy Definition(As in 1998 Census)

“The ability of a person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any

language”

11

Literacy Rates

• PAKISTAN = 57 % (Male = 68

%,Female = 41%)

Province Literacy Rate

• Punjab= 63.2%

• Sindh = 56.7%

• KPK = 48.9%

• Balochistan = 45.8%

12

Educational Institutions by Level

Level Total Public PrivatePre-primary 1,081 287 794Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115Secondary 25,090 10,550

14,540Inter & Degree Colleges 1,882 1,025 857Universities 116 59 57Technical/ Professional 1257 426 831Vocational 3,059 916 2,143Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799

Others 3,120 2,241 879TOTAL 227,791 151,77(67%) 76,019

(33%)

13

Institutions by Medium of Instruction

Type # of Institutions Urdu English Others

Total 227,791 14806 2277 26195

Public 151,744 103,186 3,035 45,523

Private 76,047 43,347 2,129 13,407

14

Role of HEC in Educational

Development

15

HEC Strategic Aims

Infrastructure Development: Physical, Technology

Good Governance & Management

Quality Assurance: Standards, Assessment, Accreditation

FacultyDevelopment

Improving Access & Learning

Excellence in Research

Relevance to National Priorities

Co

reS

up

po

rt

16

Number of Scholarships Awarded for PhD Studies in Pakistani Universities

247

196

572

316

209

446

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Agriculture &Veterinary Sciences

Biological & MedicalSciences

Physical Sciences Engineering &Technology

Business Education Social Sciences

Total Number of Scholarships Awarded = 1986

Achievements: Faculty Development

17

• Human Resource Development−Indigenous PhD 1986−Foreign MS/PhD 1996−Post doctoral 275

In-service training by HEC 733

• Reverse Brain Drain−Foreign Faculty Hiring Long term 201−Foreign Faculty Hiring Short term 90

Role of PEC in Education Development

18

19

SALIENT FEATURES OF PEC

Primary Education Commission of Pakistan (PEC) will be responsible for primary & secondary education policy, quality assurance, certificate recognition, development of new institutions and uplift of existing institutions in Pakistan. It also will facilitate the development of educational system in Pakistan. Its main purpose is to upgrade schools & colleges to be centers of education.

• Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education• Promotion of Equity• Minimum National Standards• Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018• Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education

20

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

• Bridging the Public Private Divide• Improved Examination System• All Primary schools will be upgraded to Middle level• Well developed plan for expanding school facilities.• High priority to reducing drop out rates • Improved school environment• Career Counselling at primary, secondary level• Develop national literacy curriculum • Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers

21

SALIENT FEATURES OF PEC• Pre-service & in-service teacher training• Merit based teacher recruitment, professional

development, promotions & postings• Aptitude test for teachers recruitment • Competitive publishing of textbooks and

learning materials• District Education Boards to be established for

managing schools• Separate management & academic cadres

• Improve Planning, Management and Implementation Capacity

• Donor Harmonization

• Overcoming Fragmented Governance

22

Non-Development Development Total

1. Ministry of Education 1,824.426 3,122.459 4,946.885

2. Higher Education

Commission

7,045.608 9,104.436 16,150.044

(Rs. in million)

Allocation of Funds to Education:Year 2009-10

3. Major Projects under Ministry of Education

a. Madaris Reforms (Teaching of formal subjects in Madaris) 1449.000

b. Education Sector Reforms Program 800.00

c. Establishment of 82,000 Community Schools in Pakistan

AJK and FATA

170.510

d. Science Education Project (Phase-II) ADB assisted FCU 84.670

e. National Education Assessment System (NEAS) 71.530

f. Establishment of Cadet College Zhob at Qilla Saifullah 50.000

Continue…

23

g. Establishment of Cadet College Panjgur 50.000

h. Upgradation of FG Secondary Educational Institutions

to the level of Islamabad Model Colleges

45.000

i. Upgradation of FG Elementary Educational Institutions

to the level of Islamabad Model Schools

40.000

j. Establishment of 350 Community Schools in hard to

reach areas of FATA

39.329

(Rs. In million)

24

1. Tripartite Partnership:1. Tripartite Partnership:

The role of family, the community and the State. All need to be mobilized.

2. Free Education Up to Matriculation2. Free Education Up to Matriculation

3. Provision of Free Textbooks3. Provision of Free Textbooks

4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to 4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Students of Schools & CollegesStudents of Schools & Colleges

5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools 5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools Particularly in Rural AreasParticularly in Rural Areas

6. Essential Computer Practical Learning @ 6. Essential Computer Practical Learning @ School / College LevelSchool / College Level

Future Plans for Education in Pakistan

Continue…

25

7. Teacher’s Status and Recruitment of Teachers:7. Teacher’s Status and Recruitment of Teachers:

Better status and pay for teachers.

Experience has demonstrated that schools with female teachers function well particularly at Primary level.

8. Improvement in Learning Environment:8. Improvement in Learning Environment:

Better infrastructure through School / College Management Councils.

9. Technical / Vocational Education:9. Technical / Vocational Education:

It is important to provide demand related skills.

10. Instructional Methods:10. Instructional Methods:

Emphasis must be given on development of analytical faculties of the students.

Continue…

26

11. Teachers’ Training and Knowledge:11. Teachers’ Training and Knowledge: To improve teachers’ knowledge of the subject

and equip them with a wide repertoire of teaching skills.

12. English Language:12. English Language: Introduction of English from Class – I.

Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching of science subjects in English at public secondary schools.

27

Thank You All Thank You All