How can I help my child’s language development at home?

How can I help my child’s language development at home?

What is language?

A socially shared code to express thoughts and concepts. (ASHA.org)

Componenets of Language

Semantics – “What does a word mean?”

Components of Language

Morphology – “How to make a new word”.

“Happy” “Unhappy” “Unhappiest” “Happiness”

Components of Language

Syntax – “How do we put words together to convey meaning”

We will discuss violence on TV.

Components of Language

Pragmatics – “What word combinations do we use in certain social situations.”

‘Excuse me.’ vs. ‘Get out of my way!’

What is Speech? (ASHA.org)

The verbal means of communicating. Speech includes:

Articulation – How speech sounds are made, and the rules that govern how they are combined (phonology).

Voice – The use of the vocal folds and breathing to produce sound.

Fluency – The rhythm of speech (hesitations or stuttering can negatively affect fluency).

Language Development Birth through Three:

(Owens, 1996) Children’s first words are used to fulfill

specific intentions. They can be used for:

Labelling RepeatingAnswering Requesting

(action or answer)Calling GreetingProtesting (NO!) Practicing

A Representative List of Early Words: Juice Mama All Gone Cookie Dada More Baby Doggie No Bye-Bye Kitty Up Hi Dirty Go Car Hot Do Water Shoe Milk Eye Nose Hat

6 Months

Vocalization with intonation Responds to his name Responds to human voices without

visual cues by turning his head and eyes

Responds appropriately to friendly and angry tones

12 Months

Uses one or more words with meaning (this may be a fragment of a word)

Understands simple instructions, especially if  vocal or physical cues are given

Practices inflection Is aware of the social value of speech

18 Months

Has vocabulary of approximately 5-20 words

Vocabulary made up chiefly of nouns Some echolalia (repeating a word or

phrase over and over) Much jargon with emotional content Is able to follow simple commands

24 Months

Can name a number of objects common to his surroundings

Is able to use at least two prepositions, usually chosen from the following: in, on, under

Combines words into a short sentence-largely noun-verb combinations (mean) length of sentences is given as 1.2 words

Vocabulary of approximately 150-300 words Volume and pitch of voice not yet well-controlled Can use two pronouns correctly: I, me, you,

although me and I are often confused My and mine are beginning to emerge Responds to such commands as "show me your

eyes (nose, mouth, hair)"

36 Months

Use pronouns I, you, me correctly Is using some plurals and past tenses Knows at least three prepositions, usually in, on,

under Knows chief parts of body and should be able to

indicate these if not name Handles three word sentences easily Has in the neighborhood of 900-1000 words Verbs begin to predominate Understands most simple questions dealing with his

environment and activities Relates his experiences so that they can be followed

with reason Able to reason out such questions as "what must you

do when you are sleepy, hungry, cool, or thirsty?“

Changing Meaning by Changing Whole of Parts of Words (Some Early Morphemes): ‘-ing’ endings: 19 – 28 months ‘In’ – 27 – 30 months ‘On’ – 27 – 30 months Plural ‘s’ – 27 – 33 months Irregular past tense (i.e. ‘brought’) – 25 – 46

months. Possessive “ ‘s “ : 26 – 40 months ‘is’ – 27 – 39 months ‘a’, ‘the’ – 28 – 46 months Past tense ‘ed’: 26 – 48 months

Developmental Sequence of Some Basic Concept Words: ‘In’ and ‘On’ : 24 months ‘Under’ 36 months ‘Next to’ 40 months ‘Behind’, ‘In back/front’, beginning to

use ‘above’, ‘below’, and using kinship words.

Approx. 48 months ‘Before’ and ‘After’60 months

Development of Pronouns: (Owens, 1996)

I , it: 12 – 26 months My, me, mine, you 27 – 30 months Your(s), she, he, we 31 – 34 months They, us, her(s), his, them 35 – 40 months Its, our, him, myself, yourself, ours, their(s) 41 – 46 months Herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,

themselves: 47 + months

48 Months

Knows names of familiar animals Can use at least four prepositions or can demonstrate his

understanding of their meaning when given commands Names common objects in picture books or magazines Knows one or more colors Can repeat 4 digits when they are given slowly Can usually repeat words of four syllables Demonstrates understanding of over and under Has most vowels and diphthongs and the consonants p, b, m, w,

n well established Extensive verbalization as he carries out activities Understands such concepts as longer, larger, when a contrast is

presented Readily follows simple commands even thought the stimulus

objects are not in sight Much repetition of words, phrases, syllables, and even sounds

60 Months

Can use many descriptive words spontaneously-both adjectives and adverbs

Knows common opposites: big-little, hard-soft, heave-light, etc

Has number concepts of 4 or more Can count to ten Should be able to repeat sentences as long as nine words Should be able to define common objects in terms of use

(hat, shoe, chair) Should be able to follow three commands given without

interruptions Should have simple time concepts: morning, afternoon,

night, day, later, after, while, tomorrow, yesterday, today Should be using fairly long sentences and should use some

compound and some complex sentences Speech on the whole should be grammatically correct

Tips for Parents on Learning at HomeSource: Schrader, Margaret. Communication Skill Builders. 1988.

Talk to your child - even if your child does not seem to understand at first. Talk often about what you are doing or what you see around you.

Give you child time to respond. Eye level – Get down to your child’s

eye level and look at your child as you are listening. Show your child that you are sincere.

Tips for Parents on Learning at Home Observe your child’s attempts to

communicate. Appreciate any attempt to communicate as a step towards language development.

Activities for Language Developmentfrom Richman, Linda G. Communication Skill Builders. 1988

Walk and TalkWalk and Talk – – Take an ‘eye spy’ walk around your town. Talk to your child and ask about what’s going on (dogs running, children playing baseball, construction, shopping, etc.) As you talk your child will learn words for different experiences.

Play Follow the Leader – Play Follow the Leader – as the leader, you can model actions along with language;

“I am jumping!” “I am clapping!” “I am marching!”

Food Talk – Food Talk – Eating and meal preparation are language-rich moments:

Have your child tell you what’s needed for lunch. Model words he/she doesn’t know.

Have your child explain the steps for making a sandwich.

Have your child help you write a grocery list. Have him/her name the things in the flyer.

Create Shared Experiences (Manolson, 1992)

Recognize your child’s interests and try to add a new element.

Engage in a “high interest” activity – ball, wind up toy, balloons, bubbles.

Acknowledge subtle attempts to communicate.

Scripted play – help your child anticipate what will happen next and then wait for a response.

Daily Routines – Language and Experience (Manolson, 1992)

Waking up Brushing teeth Getting dressed Picking up toys Taking a bath Getting ready for bed Putting away groceries Raking leaves Washing car Making beds Getting into the car

Add Information:

Add Information: (Manolson, 1992)

When your child shows interest

When something out of the ordinary happens:

When things go wrong: Why, What, How to make the

experience better.

Adding Information (Manolson, 1992)

Imitate your child and add a word: Interpret – Provide the adult model of

what your child meant to say. Expand on your child’s utterance

Ways to Help Your Child Understand: (Manolson, 1992)

Use gestures Show the object you’re talking about Name and label people and things Talk in simple sentences Vary your pitch and tone Repeat

Thank you for coming!!

References:

Manolson, Ayala. (1992). It takes two to talk: A parent’s guide to helping children communicate. Toronto: Hanen Centre Publication.

Owens, Jr., Robert E. (1996). Language development: An introduction: fourth edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/