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How are Is an B r

AlienAlien

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Predation by alien animals has been amajor cause of 42% of island birdextinctions

Endangers 40% of currently threatened

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Most species

introduced into anew habitat arefailures

10s rule-

10% introduction

succeed and 10%of those species

that succeed

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3 Factors thatFacilitate Invasions

more (or better)resources

Less (or less efficient)natural enemies

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Effects

1) plant populations (change

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Effects

change bird resource exploitation

competition- (out gathering)

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Effects

parasites

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Effects

Hunt and Kill native birds

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ss important Effects

)hybridization-nope

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Similarly, small vertebrates may nothave learned to hide their sounds,odors, or their shelters

Do know that they should flee frompredators or to defend their young

Flightless birds

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Build up numbers quickly beyond K

Crash

Build up again

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Apples were a more usefulmonitoring tool and detected thepresence of rats in seabird nesting

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bi i f

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combinations ofintroducedspecies

( e.g. islands withrats and catsversus islands

with cats) 14th century

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Before the rats wereeradicated Corys

Shearwater breedingwas low in the Northpeninsula compared toother parts of the

Lavezzi Mediterranean

archipelago

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Ship Rats

Introduced to the area inthe 14th century

Recognized as a leading

cause of extinction of localpopulations

Were exterminated in 2000

Rats are likely to swimbetween main island andislets

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Rats Can Swim

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Introduced mice onGough Island often feedon the chicks from two

species

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Mice Eat Bird

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Ground nesting gooseChloephaga picta

tree-cavity nesting thorn

tailed rayadiotAphrastura spinicauda

southern house wrenTrogolodytes musculus

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Several ground nesting species live there

Bird consumption was higher during thesummer when 58.5% of the scatscontained bird remains

Birds were a large part of the minks diet

Because there are no terrestrial mammalian

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Because there are no terrestrial mammalianpredators native to Navarino Island many birdspecies have evolved ground-nesting strategies

Under these circumstances invasive mammalian

predators are particularly damaging

Mink vs Coots & Moorhens

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Mink vs Coots & Moorhens

11% energy

30 to 51% of adults lost and 46 to 79% of

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Works Cited

Ferreras, P. & MacDonald, DW (1999) The Impact ofAmerican mink Mustela vison on water birds in theupper Thames. Journal of Applied Ecology, 36, 701-708.

Jaksic, F., Iriate, A., Jimenez, J. & Martinez, D. (2002)

Invaders without frontiers: cross-border invasions ofexotic mammals. Biological Invasions, 4, 153-173. Drever, Mark C (2004) Capture Rates of Norway Rats

(Rattus Norvegicus) In a Seabird Colony: A Caveat ForInvestigators. Northwestern Naturalist 85, 111-117.

Howald G, et al (2007) Invasive rodent eradication onislands. Conserv Biol 21:1258-1268.

Abdelkrim, J., Pascal, M., & Samadi, S., (2009) Geneticstructure and functioning of alien ship rat populationsfrom a Corsican micro-insular complex. Biol Invasions,11, 473-482.

Ibarra Jose T., et al (2009) Invasive American mink

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More work citedn n- i ntifi

(2006)Bubonic plague kills mountainlions in Wyo. MSNBC.www.msnbc.com

(2009) Species used in ResearchThe humanes Society.http://www.hsus.org/animals_in_resea

Inkrat773 (2007) CarnivorousMice eating Baby Birds Alive.

Youtube www. outube.com