reat Ape Fibrosing Cardiomyopathy: What is it and what can we do? Emily Hall DVM Candidate 2016 RUSVM Student
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Great Ape cardiovascular disease : What it is and what can we do
Great Ape Fibrosing Cardiomyopathy: What is it and what can we do?Emily HallDVM Candidate 2016RUSVM Student
How big of a deal is this?Heart disease was initially detected only in individual apes during necropsy.1994 survey of AZA North American SSP necropsies cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in 41% of adult gorillasMale gorillas over 30 years old= 71%Bonobos= 45%Chimpanzees= 45%Orangutans= 20%
Most gorillas show clinical signs after 11yrs oldMales are most affectedIs present in wildIn wild is lower incidence and not primary cause of death
What type of cardiovascular disease is it?Fibrosing cardiomyopathyGorillasOrangutansChimpanzeesBonobosAka idiopathic myocardial fibrosis chimpanzees
Fibrosing cardiomyopathyLesions maybe dramaticFibrotic patches frequently near or around small-caliber intrinsic coronary arterioles Left ventricular hypertrophy or dilated and flabby?...eitherMyocardial fibrosis=end-stage stage lesion, which doesnt imply a particular etiology or pathogenetic mechanism Many die suddenly presumably from dysrhythmias
Heart of an adult male chimpanzee that died unexpectedly, with myocardial fibrosis
Histologic section of the myocardium of the adult male chimpanzee with fibrosing myocardiomyopathy
How do we identify animals with it?
What we can do once diagnosedTreatmentAngiotensin converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitorsLeft ventricular hypertrophyBeta BlockerDepressed ejection fractionDiuretics as neededDietary managementNa limitationFluid intakeHigher fiber (biscuits and browse)Remove citrus prevent acid refluxBananas increase potassiumfamotidineMonitoring= helps fine tune drug dosages & avoid hypotensive crisesRegular body weightStrict fluid & salt intake and output controlAwake blood pressureElectrocardiographySerial cardiac ultrasoundBehavioral management was essential to the long-term success of this procedure
CRT-DThis ICD is meant to correct dyssynchrononyDefibrillator incorporatedHas been used in humans for decades:New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III/IV heart failureEjection fraction of
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