Housing Forum_16 March 2016_Francesco orsini

Francesco M. Orsini - [email protected] URBAM - Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Ambientales

www.eafit.edu.co/urbam

HOUSING IN COLOMBIA IN A NUTSHELL:BACKGROUND, CHALLENGES & PRACTICES

Colombia & South Africa: different realities, common challenges and opportunities• Population: 47 millions

54 millions• Urban Pop. 76%

64%• GDP per capita 7.900 US$

6.900 US$• Homicide rate 31/100.000

32/100.000• Gini Index .55 -.60

.60 -.65• Pop. Below poverty line 32%

55%source:

data.WorldBank.org

• Both are part of the CIVETS (emerging countries with dynamic economies, and young growing population)

• Megadiverse regions!

Colombia & South Africa: among the most inequal countries in the world

A tale of two cities…

Housing deficit in Colombia & Medellín:

Quantitative and Qualitative historical gap in Colombia:- 1.500.000 quantitative gap- 3.000.000 qualitative gap=> 36/100 families

Additional annual demand:± 250.000 housing solutions Due to new demographic trends & (partially) rural to urban migration

Quantitative and Qualitative gap in Medellin:- 50.000 quantitative gap- 120.000 qualitative gapThis refers to families belonging to #1,2,3 socio-economic strata

El PUI y los Sistemas Naturales People’s solution!

Housing policy background in Colombia: towards a country of homeowners

Phase I (1950-1990), a supply driven policy- Home ownership at the base of the strategy: strong mortgage

approach, but…- Only few were able to access credits: less housing than expected

Phase II, ABC Policy (1990): from supply to demand support- Combination of Ahorro (savings), Bono (subsidy) & Credito (credits)

Phase III, the 100.000 Free Housing Policy:

But what this meant on the ground?

Challenges of the social housing production • Most of new social housing located on cheap peripheral land,

often with little integration to the city • Driven by “political” goals: more quantity, less quality!• Poor architecture and, often, little urban design: poor urban

environment • Relocation frequently implies disruption of social capital• Little attention to social sustainability: livelihoods at risk! No real right to the city: we are seriously risk to produce new

“formal” ghettos

• Fortunately, Colombia also has good examples of social housing, at today ( but still with the replicability challenge).

Social Urbanism’s “Housing consolidation in the Juan Bobo river creek”, Medellín, Colombia

Housing Resettlement Project “Urbanización Miraflores” Bolombolo, Antioquia

Inner city social Housing Project “La Playa”, Medellin, Colombia